1, international e-commerce and traditional international trade between the difference between, link. 2, the use of international trade related knowledge about how to sell yutong products to the whole

1, international e-commerce and traditional international trade between the difference between, link. 2, the use of international trade related knowledge about how to sell yutong products to the whole world Hello, Abstract: International e-commerce refers to the enterprise through the use of e-commerce operation of various means to engage in international trade activities. Analyze and compare the whole process of international trade practice, we are sure that the efficiency of e-commerce is the traditional international trade practices can not be compared. However, nothing can be perfect, and at present, there are still some obstacles in e-commerce that affect its popularization and use. However, the practices and rules applicable to electronic commerce have attracted the attention of the world's authorities, the relevant provisions are being introduced, international electronic commerce on the traditional international trade practices can not be changed as a substitute.

International e-commerce refers to the enterprise through the use of e-commerce operation of various means to engage in international trade activities. That is to say, in the field of international trade, leaving aside the traditional way of trading, the use of simple, fast, low-cost modern information technology and communication means of trading, to achieve from negotiation, signing, delivery to payment of the whole process of electronic, in order to greatly improve the efficiency of the transaction.

From the content point of view, international e-commerce can be divided into two categories, one is the indirect trade of tangible products, refers to the electronic means, especially the international Internet and so on to deal with tangible goods negotiation, ordering, invoicing and collection of money, and other activities related to the exchange of commodities; the other is the direct trade of intangible products, refers to the electronic means, especially the international Internet and so on to buy and sell the consulting report, Computer software, numerical control programs and other intangible goods can be transmitted through the network and can be stored in a certain way all the process of exchange.

E-commerce makes the traditional international trade practice process efficiency greatly improved. The following international e-commerce in international trade transactions in the application of the process to illustrate the promotion of e-commerce on the traditional international trade practices.

One, the pre-transaction preparation

The pre-transaction preparation process mainly refers to the buyer and seller in the transaction contract before the signing of the preparatory activities, that is, supply and demand how to be able to publicize or access to effective information about the process of goods. In essence, the whole process is a commodity information release, query and matching process.

At this stage, the traditional practice is that the buyer, according to the goods he intends to buy, learns about the information of the goods to be purchased, including suppliers and prices, through the media of advertisements, trade fairs, expositions and so on. Due to the special nature of transnational transactions, it is also necessary to spend a lot of energy to research the political, economic, foreign trade, transportation and other conditions of the country concerned, the international market of the commodity concerned, the production, sales, prices, and the main import and export countries and so on. Then in the preliminary research on the basis of the development of imported goods business plan, the program includes domestic sources of supply, past imports and so on. Buyers generally have to do everything possible to find the relevant information about the goods they need, in order to achieve the purpose of entering the goods with reasonable trading conditions. The whole process is time-consuming and laborious, coupled with the limited availability of relevant information, it is difficult to obtain the best sources of goods and the lowest prices.

Sellers generally choose to send catalogs, physical samples, pictures, manuals, advertising gifts and participate in various trade fairs and expositions to introduce export commodities according to their strength. From the seller's point of view, although it is also trying to promote goods, but after all, belongs to the "needle in the haystack", it is difficult to seize the opportunity that should belong to you.

And in today's e-commerce era, all this will have a big change. Buyers get their information mainly through the Internet. The buyer can always go online to get information about the goods they need. At present, the government departments of most countries in the world have set up government sites on the Internet to provide the latest economic developments and market information. There are also some specialized for international trade services site, can provide a large number of international trade commodity information. Sellers are mainly using the Internet and various trade networks to publish commodity advertisements, and actively go online to launch their own commodity information resources, looking for trade partners and trading opportunities to expand the scope of trade and commodity market share.

At present, there are already many enterprises releasing product information globally through the Internet. in the first half of 1997, the global online advertising amounted to 21.7 billion dollars, an increase of 256% over the same period in 1996. And these released information can also use multimedia technology, vivid and realistic, with text, sound, image description, can be a comprehensive layer of all aspects of the performance of the product and the internal structure of the service, which will help consumers more completely recognize the product and service, can achieve excellent publicity effect.

At the same time, after the establishment of their own Web site on the Internet, the seller can be unlimited expansion of sales promotion time and space, because it will extend the publicity space with the extension of the network system, and the time is controlled by the buyer is free to buyers can visit the site at any time to find out what they are interested in the goods.

It is worth pointing out that, as the main body of international trade buyers and sellers can get more information more conveniently from the Internet, so the network has become the largest intermediary, buyers and sellers can be in direct contact with each other, which reduces the status of the import and export companies, agents and intermediaries. On the one hand, this situation forces trade intermediaries, agents and professional import and export companies to re-recognize their roles and status, increase the variety of services and improve the quality of services. On the other hand, it also stimulates the innovation of transaction intermediaries in the field of international trade.

At present, there is a kind of Internet company specializing in providing international trade information collection, analysis, processing, consulting and exchange. This kind of virtual company relative to the traditional international trade buyers and sellers can be manipulated from the information, joint more international trade buyers and sellers, to a certain extent, it can also make the international trade buyers and sellers to produce a certain degree of information dependence on it.

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the way of realizing information supply and demand in the network environment

In general, in the international e-commerce system, the exchange of trade information is usually done through online communication. This kind of information communication is incomparable to the traditional way in terms of both efficiency improvement and time saving.

In the e-commerce system, the computer as the main tool of the pre-transaction preparation process, that is, the information query process is generally referred to as the support of the pre-transaction system, which is the part of the international trade in the most successful application of the part.

Two, trade consultation and signing contracts

In the commodity buyers and sellers are aware of the supply and demand information about the commodity, then start the specific commodity trading consultation process. Trade consultation and signing a contract mainly refers to the buyer and seller of all the details of the transaction negotiations, the results of the two sides of the negotiation in the form of a written document that is the form of the contract signed down.

Traditional trade negotiation generally through the inquiry, offer, return and acceptance of several processes. Transaction negotiations include: the subject matter of the contract (the name of the goods sold and purchased, quality, quantity and packaging, etc.); the contract price; the seller's obligations (delivery of goods, delivery orders, etc.); the buyer's obligations (payment of money, take over the goods); prevention of disputes and dispute resolution (responsibility for commodity inspection, the claim period, the exemption conditions and arbitration agreement, etc.). After the two sides have reached agreement, the contract is signed.

In fact, one of the main tasks of the trade consultation process is to transmit trade information. Previously, the usual means of mail, telephone or fax, but they have their own shortcomings. Mail time-consuming and laborious; telephone although it can be more convenient to solve the problem of consultation, but can not solve the transmission of documents; fax security and confidentiality is insufficient. Thus, in the traditional technical conditions, the only way to transmit important trade documents is by mail. However, through the mail documents to trade consultations are both time-consuming and laborious, especially the international postage is very expensive, if the rounds of trade consultations are more, for both sides of the transaction, in time and economy is a burden.

And now, the international e-commerce based trade consultation is completely different from the traditional way of consultation. The whole consultation process can be completed under the support of network and system. The original trade negotiations in the process of document exchange, in international electronic commerce has evolved into records, documents and messages in the network transmission process. Various e-commerce systems and specialized data exchange protocols automatically ensure the accuracy and security of the network information transfer process.

Various types of trade documents, documents, such as: price list (price list), quotation (quotation sheet), inquiries (inquiry), send a disk (offer), but also the disk (counter offer), orders (order indent), purchase orders to answer (ordesp), purchase orders to change the request (ordchg) (ordchg), transport instructions (itf min), shipping notification (besadn), payment notification (remadv), send a bid (invoice) and so on in the international electronic commerce under the standard form of the message, thus improving the speed of the whole transaction process, reduce the loopholes and errors, standardize the whole process of commodity trade.

In e-commerce systems, this process of transaction negotiation and contract signing is known as the support of the transaction process system. This system is a step forward from the pre-transaction support system, which supports both parties to complete the whole process of transaction negotiation until the contract is signed. This system is much more complex than the previous stage. First, the system must technically confirm that the user's order request is not fraudulent; second, it must confirm that the supplier is indeed a legitimate supplier and ensure that others do not steal the user's card information to engage in other illegal activities. Therefore, such systems usually require the parties to the transaction in advance in the network authentication center for effective and legal registration. Only registered users can engage in online transactions, and the system will provide dynamic online authentication and confidentiality measures during the transaction process. Therefore, this type of business usually occurs in some of the frequent purchase and sale transactions, the relatively more fixed relationship between the trading partners.

Figure 2 Trade negotiation process diagram

And the contract signed in this system no longer requires a written document to determine the results of the negotiation, but can be used in the form of electronic contracts. This is because the network protocols and the application system itself have already ensured the certainty and security of all trade consultation log files.

Three, the fulfillment of the contract

Contract once signed, that is, a basic legal document to bind the buyer and seller. Buyers and sellers should fulfill their obligations under the contract.

The performance of the contract mainly includes, the exporter to apply for export licenses and quotas, such as the Department of the letter of credit mode of collection of foreign exchange transactions to the importer to call for a letter of credit. After the receipt of the letter of credit to be based on the contract of sale of evidence, such as no problem, and then prepare the goods and consignment procedures, including inspection, chartering, customs clearance, loading, insurance and other work. After the shipment of goods for the preparation and delivery of bills of exchange and other procedures. Importers need to fulfill the obligations of payment and receipt of goods.

E-commerce makes the cumbersome fulfillment of the link is very simple. At present, in the field of foreign trade in China, enterprises can enter the government's special website and realize the online export tax rebates, import and export license network application, export collection and import payment write-off, apply for import and export goods certificate of origin and other procedures. Greatly improve the transaction efficiency of foreign trade enterprises, reduce transaction costs.

Sellers and buyers in the process of fulfilling the contract, to involve many aspects of the institutions, such as: banking and financial institutions, customs system, credit card companies, commodity inspection system, insurance companies, tax system, transportation system and so on. The most important link is the payment link. The traditional transnational payment procedures are complicated and slow, with a long time period and many unpredictable losses and risks. And the utilization of modern network communication technology and advanced computer processing system can ensure the high efficiency of capital operation.

In the buyer and seller through the agreement to complete a variety of transaction procedures, the goods delivered to the transportation company for shipment, you can track the goods through the e-trade system; the bank in accordance with the contract and the corresponding documents to pay the funds, the issuance of the corresponding bank documents, and ultimately complete the entire transaction process.

Four, foreign trade documents flow process

International e-commerce applications in the process of the most unique is in the supply and demand willingness to basically coincide with the initial completion of the trade negotiations after the actual document transaction process.

Compared with the traditional operation process of foreign trade documents, the introduction of e-commerce after the flow of foreign trade documents reduced by at least 15 steps (see Table 1).

In summary, the application of e-commerce in international trade practice can be summarized as the following advantages:

1. It makes the transaction links are greatly reduced, greatly saving time and money, and is conducive to the foreign trade enterprises in today's fierce international market to respond quickly to the customer, so as to enhance international competitiveness.

2. As manual intervention is minimized, the errors that may arise from manual input are reduced to a minimum.

But nothing can be perfect, at present, e-commerce there are still some obstacles in the impact of its use by the promotion, for example, because the network is a virtual space, people can not correctly identify each other who is, or even doubt the other party really exists, as for the goodwill is even more difficult to eat accurate; as well as, there is no guarantee that their own information in the Internet as an open system to pass not be intercepted by people Or, for example, there is no guarantee that their information will not be intercepted when it is transmitted in the open system of the Internet, stolen, or denied when received by the recipient, and so on. However, practices and rules applicable to e-commerce has attracted the attention of the world's authoritative bodies, the relevant provisions are being introduced, for example, in June 1996, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law adopted the Model Law on Electronic Commerce, providing a set of easy to accept the rules of e-commerce for the various countries; the International Chamber of Commerce in 1997 adopted the International Digital Guarantee Business Principles, which standardize the connotation of the relevant terms The WTO has put forward a work plan for e-commerce in the area of trade, and so on. This provides a guarantee for solving some technical problems. In short, the substitution of international electronic commerce for traditional international trade practices has been unchangeable. As Ruggiero, the former Director-General of the WTO, said, "It is inevitable and no one can stop it." As a developing country, our country can only take the initiative in the trade competition in the 21st century if we develop international e-commerce rapidly. Welcome to 158 Education Online know the question.