Build a green manufacturing system and take the road of ecological civilization development?

Under the background of global carbon emission surge and global warming, the development of "green economy" has become a global hotspot. China also explicitly listed the development of green and low-carbon economy as a national strategy. In this context, it has become a national consciousness to promote economic restructuring through technological innovation and institutional innovation in order to reduce high-carbon energy consumption and achieve the goals of environmental protection and economic development as soon as possible. Manufacturing industry is the pillar industry of national economy, and its development is directly related to the lifeline of the country. Whether the manufacturing industry has a "green gene" is of great significance to the sustained and healthy development of the entire national economy.

1. Origin and development of green manufacturing

After the Copenhagen Climate Conference, low-carbon economy has become the focus of global attention, and countries are increasingly demanding to create a good social form of energy conservation and environmental protection. Green manufacturing has gradually become an advanced manufacturing process because it reduces the demand for resources and improves the manufacturing efficiency, and has attracted the attention of all countries. For the whole society, green manufacturing can alleviate the current situation of global energy depletion, make better use of effective resources, reduce resource consumption and waste, reduce environmental pollution, and provide guarantee for creating a harmonious society and promoting sustainable development.

1996 international environmental management system standards IS0400 1 and IS04004 have been promulgated one after another, which organically combines the compulsion of environmental management with the voluntariness of improving the ecological environment and human living environment, helps the international community find the basis and correct way for the coordinated development of economy and environment, and ensures the healthy and sustainable development of the economy in the new century. The proposal of international environmental management standards is the criterion for enterprises to develop green manufacturing industry. For enterprises, the basic concept of green manufacturing is also an important means and method to reduce costs and increase benefits.

It is an inevitable trend for Scientific Outlook on Development to put forward and apply the concept of green manufacturing in China. However, the application of green manufacturing concept in China is still in the initial stage of development, and it needs continuous innovation and development in the future, so that green manufacturing can better serve the machinery manufacturing industry, save energy for China's modernization and accelerate the internationalization process of China's machinery manufacturing industry. Green manufacturing has not only become the knowledge of countries and regions in the world, but also been practiced in many regions, and has been listed as the economic development strategy of many countries (regions).

The concept of low-carbon economy was first put forward by Britain in the energy white paper Our Energy Future: Creating a Low-carbon Economy in 2003. Low-carbon economy is a new economic development model characterized by low energy consumption, low pollution, low emissions, high energy efficiency, high income and high efficiency, and achieving greater output with less greenhouse gas emissions.

It can be said that low-carbon economy is the basic demand of green manufacturing, and an important goal of green manufacturing is to build a low-carbon economy. Both of them have a background and are the main components of the concept of sustainable development.

Conceptually speaking, low-carbon economy is a form of economic development under the guidance of the concept of sustainable development, which reduces high-carbon energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions as much as possible through various means such as technological innovation, institutional innovation and industrial transformation, and realizes win-win economic and social development and ecological environmental protection. This itself requires many basic tools and processes of green manufacturing, intelligent manufacturing and advanced manufacturing. Therefore, discussing green manufacturing from the perspective of low-carbon economy has a clearer goal orientation.

2. Green manufacturing strategic planning layout: Made in China 2025

Over the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, the total volume and overall level of China's manufacturing industry have been continuously improved, and the demand for resources is also increasing. Rough manufacturing level can no longer meet the needs of the new era, and green manufacturing is born based on this concept. At the beginning of this century, China began to incorporate the development concepts and related development goals of green economy and low-carbon economy into various "five-year" plans and related industrial development plans by strengthening planning guidance and improving supporting policies. For example, we should formulate fiscal, taxation, finance, price and other incentive policies to promote the development of green economy and low-carbon economy by formulating the development plan of energy-saving and environmental protection industries, the development plan of emerging energy industries, the guiding opinions of developing low-carbon economy and the opinions of accelerating the implementation of contract energy management to promote the development of energy-saving service industries.

"Made in China 2025" (hereinafter referred to as "Planning") was signed and approved by Premier Li Keqiang on May 201May and published by the State Council. Some scholars call it China's version of the "Industry 4.0" plan. The plan puts forward the strategic goal of building a strong country through "three steps". Among them, entering the ranks of manufacturing powers by 2025 is the first stage goal. China is still in the process of industrialization, and there is still a big gap compared with advanced countries. At present, China's key core technologies and high-end equipment are highly dependent on foreign countries, and the innovation system of manufacturing industry with enterprises as the main body is imperfect. The most important thing is the low efficiency of resource and energy utilization, and the environmental pollution problem is more prominent. Therefore, the importance of green manufacturing is self-evident. The plan puts forward that sustainable development should be taken as an important focus of building a manufacturing power, the popularization and application of energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment should be strengthened, clean production should be promoted in an all-round way, circular economy should be developed, the efficiency of resource recycling should be improved, a green manufacturing system should be built, and the road of ecological civilization development should be taken.

At the same time, the plan puts forward that the goal by 2025 is: the overall quality of manufacturing industry will be greatly improved, the innovation ability will be significantly enhanced, the labor productivity of all employees will be significantly improved, and the integration of industrialization and informatization will reach a new level. Energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant discharge of industrial added value in key industries have reached the world advanced level. A number of multinational companies and industrial clusters with strong international competitiveness have been formed, and their position in the global industrial division of labor and value chain has been significantly improved. In order to achieve the above objectives and fully implement green manufacturing, the following arrangements are planned.

First, increase the research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment, and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing; Actively promote low-carbonization, recycling and intensification to improve the utilization efficiency of manufacturing resources; Strengthen the green management of product life cycle, and strive to build an efficient, clean, low-carbon and recycling green manufacturing system.

The second is to accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. We will comprehensively promote the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, light industry, printing and dyeing, vigorously develop and promote green technologies and equipment such as waste heat and pressure recovery, water recycling, heavy metal pollution reduction, substitution of toxic and harmful raw materials, waste residue recovery, desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal, and accelerate the application of clean and efficient technologies such as casting, forging, welding, surface treatment and cutting to achieve green production. Strengthen the research and application of green products, popularize technologies and processes such as light weight, low power consumption and easy recycling, continuously improve the energy efficiency level of end products such as motors, boilers, internal combustion engines and electrical appliances, and accelerate the elimination of backward electromechanical products and technologies. From a high starting point, we will actively lead the green development of emerging industries, greatly reduce the energy consumption and the content of restricted substances in the production and use of electronic information products, build green data centers and green base stations, and vigorously promote the green and low-carbon development of new materials, new energy, high-end equipment and bio-industries.

The third is to promote efficient recycling of resources. Support enterprises to strengthen technological innovation and management, enhance green lean manufacturing capabilities, and greatly reduce energy consumption, material consumption and water consumption. We will continue to increase the proportion of green and low-carbon energy, build distributed green smart microgrids in industrial parks and enterprises, and control and reduce fossil energy consumption. Carry out the circular production mode in an all-round way, and promote the connection between enterprises, parks and industries, the mutual supply of raw materials and the sharing of resources. Promote the standardized and large-scale development of resource recycling industry, strengthen the support of technology and equipment, and improve the comprehensive utilization level of bulk industrial solid waste, scrap metal and waste electrical and electronic products. Vigorously develop the remanufacturing industry, implement high-end remanufacturing, intelligent remanufacturing and in-service remanufacturing, promote product identification, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the remanufacturing industry.

Fourth, actively build a green manufacturing system. Support enterprises to develop green products, promote ecological design, significantly improve the level of energy conservation, environmental protection and low-carbon products, and guide green production and consumption. Build a green factory to realize intensive factory, harmless raw materials, clean production, recycling waste and low carbon energy. Develop green parks, promote industrial coupling in industrial parks, and achieve near zero emissions. Create a green supply chain, accelerate the establishment of a resource-saving and environment-friendly procurement, production, marketing, recycling and logistics system, and implement the extended producer responsibility system. Expand green enterprises and support enterprises to implement green strategy, green standards, green management and green production. Strengthen green supervision, improve the system of energy conservation and environmental protection laws and standards, strengthen energy conservation and environmental protection supervision, implement corporate social responsibility reporting system, and carry out green evaluation.

3. Typical practice in the field of green manufacturing

1. The science and technology R&D encouragement policies represented by Hangzhou and Lianyungang will fully promote green manufacturing, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and realize green and circular low-carbon development. Technological progress and innovation will remain one of the decisive factors. The encouragement policy of R&D in science and technology is to achieve the coordinated development of technology, standards and industries by breaking through key technologies such as green design, energy saving and emission reduction technology, green recycling and remanufacturing, and green manufacturing technical standards, and promote the green development of manufacturing industry. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Green Manufacturing Science and Technology puts forward that the basic theory of green manufacturing, research on * * * technology, research on typical green new products, new processes and new equipment should be carried out to meet the needs of pillar industries of national economy such as automobiles, machinery, household appliances and process industries, and emerging industries of circular economy such as dismantling and recycling of used household appliances and electronic products. "Made in China 2025" also emphasizes that in order to comprehensively promote the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, papermaking, printing and dyeing, it is necessary to speed up the research and development of a new generation of recyclable technology, and vigorously develop and popularize technologies with functions such as energy efficient utilization, pollution reduction, waste resource utilization and harmless treatment.

When implementing green manufacturing in an all-round way, Hangzhou insists on green technology research and development as a breakthrough. The Guiding Opinions on Accelerating Intelligent Manufacturing to Promote Industrial Transformation and Development in Hangzhou pointed out that to fully implement green manufacturing, it is necessary to intensify research and development of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, processes and equipment, and accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry. Focusing on the development of energy-saving and environmental protection equipment such as intelligent solid waste sorting, intelligent dust removal, air pollution prevention and sewage treatment, Jiangsu Province focuses on promoting the construction of R&D institutions such as enterprise technology centers and engineering technology (research) centers, promoting the construction of qualified overseas R&D institutions, actively building green intelligent manufacturing platforms and developing green manufacturing technologies. In the development of green manufacturing technology, Lianyungang adheres to the principle of "military-civilian integration, military-civilian integration", gives full play to the technological advantages of military enterprises, strengthens the transfer and docking with civilian technology, and promotes the development of military-civilian integration industries.

2. Encouragement policies for technological transformation represented by Wuxi, Chengdu and Tianjin.

Encouraging local enterprises to carry out green manufacturing through technological transformation is an effective measure to implement green manufacturing project. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments have done a lot of work in accelerating the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industries and establishing an efficient, clean, low-carbon and recycling green manufacturing system through technological transformation. For example, processes and technologies with the functions of efficient energy utilization, pollution reduction, waste recycling and harmless treatment have been comprehensively promoted nationwide, advanced equipment such as high-efficiency motors and boilers have been actively adopted, and high-efficiency green production technologies and equipment have been transformed into traditional manufacturing processes.

Among the practices in various places, Wuxi's model of helping enterprises to save energy and reduce emissions through contract energy management is worth learning. In 20 15, Wuxi conducted in-depth research on the five energy-saving transformation potentials of central air conditioning, industrial kilns, residual heat and pressure, green lighting and motors for 329 key energy-using enterprises in the city, sorted out key contracted energy management projects, paid the full cost of energy-saving projects by reducing energy costs, and promoted enterprises to implement green production. For example, Wuxi Junchuang Energy Technology Co., Ltd. is a company that specializes in helping enterprises implement energy-saving transformation. In the energy-saving scheme of the Wuxi factory of Green Point Technology, the lighting equipment was changed to LED lights and the central air conditioner was reformed, which saved a lot of capital costs for the enterprise. Only through the energy-saving transformation of the central air-conditioning system, the energy efficiency is close to 30%, and at least160,000 kwh can be saved every year.

Through a series of financial subsidy policies, Chengdu has achieved good results in promoting technological transformation and cleaner production of enterprises. Focusing on the industrial development strategy of "13 13" in Chengdu, we will focus on supporting industries such as electronic information, rail transit and automobiles, accelerate the promotion of aerospace, biomedicine, new energy, new materials, energy conservation and environmental protection, and optimize industries such as metallurgy, food, building materials and light industry. In order to vigorously promote cleaner production and improve the level of green development, enterprises can get the highest subsidy for technological transformation of10 million.

Tianjin has gradually promoted technological transformation through pilot projects and demonstrations in key enterprises and key fields. For example, by actively carrying out electrostatic dust removal and bag dust removal pilots, large refining and chemical enterprises took the lead in completing desulfurization transformation of refining and chemical plants; Key iron and steel enterprises have completed the desulfurization and dust removal transformation of sintering machines; Cement and other enterprises have completed production denitrification treatment. Another example is to vigorously promote the medium-temperature and low-voltage power generation technology in the iron and steel industry, and gradually promote it in the whole industry on the basis of pilot projects carried out by enterprises; Accelerate the construction of circular industrial system, set up a number of industrial circular economy demonstration projects in the chemical, steel and building materials industries, build an eco-industrial system with sufficient material recycling capacity, establish a circular economic chain, and reduce the discharge level of wastewater, waste gas and solid waste; Actively develop the remanufacturing industry, focusing on auto parts, construction machinery, machine tools, large-scale industrial equipment, motors and other products and key components, and building a number of remanufacturing demonstration projects and demonstration bases to promote the large-scale development of the remanufacturing industry.

3. Incentive policies for green development of clusters represented by Changsha, Kunming and Guangdong.

Changsha Economic Development Zone is successful in promoting enterprises in parks or agglomeration areas to carry out green manufacturing. The Management Committee of Changsha Economic Development Zone will refer to relevant standards and enjoy incentive policies for park enterprises that have obtained various environmental protection certifications. The purpose is to encourage enterprises to gather, drive the full implementation of the whole green manufacturing project, and form an industrial cluster of green manufacturing. For example, after Shanghai Volkswagen Changsha Factory obtained the Samsung certification of the national green building design logo, and the energy-saving and environmental protection facilities of the factory have been completed and put into use, Changsha Economic Development Zone will give the enterprise a subsidy of180,000 yuan according to 5% of the total investment of the energy-saving and environmental protection facilities and equipment of the factory.

Kunming and Guangdong promote the green development of key parks by developing circular economy. Kunming vigorously promotes the development of circular economy in industrial parks, promotes ecological transformation, promotes the application of green manufacturing and low-carbon technologies, and strengthens resource conservation and recycling through industrial circular economy to help build resource-saving and environment-friendly enterprises. Guangdong Province arranges a certain amount of special funds from the provincial special funds for energy-saving circular economy every year to support key industrial parks (including various development zones, high-tech zones, provincial industrial transfer parks, industrial clusters, etc.). By establishing and improving the statistical system of resource consumption and recycling, the popularization and application of new technologies, new processes and new equipment for circular economy are accelerated, and it is proposed that 20 provincial circular economy industrial parks will be cultivated by 20 15 years.

4. Encouragement policies for the construction of green manufacturing systems represented by Jiangsu and Yunnan. According to Made in China 2025, a "4+2" green manufacturing system must be built to fully implement green manufacturing. Among them, "4" mainly refers to developing green products, building green factories, developing green parks and building green supply chains; "2" mainly refers to expanding green enterprises and strengthening green supervision. In this regard, Jiangsu and Yunnan have some good practices.

The construction of green manufacturing system in Jiangsu Province mainly includes the following aspects: First, key demonstration projects are formed by adopting green technologies and equipment in key industries. Such as the implementation of remanufacturing demonstration projects, support enterprises to carry out remanufacturing of automobile engines, gearboxes, generators and other parts, and remanufacturing of construction machinery, industrial motor equipment, machine tools, mining machinery, railway locomotive equipment, ships and office information equipment. The second is to increase financial support and implement preferential tax policies. For example, projects that meet the direction of intelligent and green transformation are exempt from related construction administrative fees and government funds. The third is to implement a differentiated resource price policy.

The highlight of building a green manufacturing system in Yunnan Province lies in promoting green manufacturing and low-carbon development in various industries and fields through demonstration projects. For example, comprehensively promote energy conservation and consumption reduction in key areas such as construction, transportation, commerce, rural areas and public institutions; Accelerate the formation of an energy-saving management system that integrates energy-saving management, implementation supervision and energy-saving services.

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