Can any expert explain the PID algorithm in layman's terms?

P proportion proportion

I integration integration

D differentiation differentiation

PID is used to control the precision proportion is necessary, it directly affects the precision, affects the result of the control

Integration it is the equivalent of the mechanics of the inertia, can make the vibration tends to smooth

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Differential The control advance, which is equivalent to the acceleration of mechanics, affects the speed of the control response. Too much leads to large overshoots and destabilizes the system. Too little will slow down the response.

Generally speaking, PID regulation is a holistic approach. In practice, PID proportional-integral-derivative is not always used simultaneously, and PI regulation and PD regulation are used more often.