How is the administrative theoretical system constituted?

Administration studies the phenomena and laws of state administration. Also known as administrative management and public administration. The concept of evolutionary management was first put forward by German scholar L Stein. He wrote the book Administration Management in 1865, and expounded administrative issues from the perspective of administrative law. From 65438 to 0887, American scholar T.W. Wilson published "Research on Administration", which advocated separating government from enterprises and establishing an independent administrative discipline. Wilson is therefore called the founder of administrative science. Since then, the development of administrative science has roughly experienced three periods: the period of traditional theory; Behavioral science period; The period of system science. The academic understanding of the research object and the research object of content management is not exactly the same. But common sense is that the research object of administrative science is the phenomenon and law of state administration. In each development stage of administrative science, the research content of administrative science is not the same, and different contemporary schools also have different understandings. Generally speaking, it includes the following basic contents: administrative theory, administrative function, administrative system, administrative organization, administrative power, administrative behavior, administrative leadership, administrative decision-making, administrative information, administrative implementation, administrative supervision, administrative legal system, personnel administration, financial administration, administrative organ management, administrative methods, administrative efficiency and administrative reform. These basic contents are interrelated and constitute the basic subject system of administrative science. The main features are as follows: ① Administration is a discipline that studies the phenomena and laws of state administration, and it has a distinct political nature. At the same time, it reveals the law of administrative organization managing social public affairs, so it is social. On the one hand, it serves the ruling class, on the other hand, the management rules it reveals are accepted and enjoyed by managers of different classes and political inclinations. (2) The principles and principles of administrative science are very theoretical, and at the same time, they systematically summarize the scientific methods of state administration, which is very practical. (3) Administration is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary subject, which widely uses the basic principles of political science, economics, sociology, management, psychology, statistics, law, finance, systematics and informatics. But it has an independent research object and content, and becomes an independent discipline. (4) Administration reveals the laws of state administration, and many management principles, procedures, mechanisms, methods and means are normative. However, the factors that determine the scientificity of administrative management are diverse, and the changes of administrative environment, administrative subject and object are inevitable, so administrative science must constantly adapt to these changes and constantly enrich and develop. After the development of China's administrative science appeared in western countries, China scholars soon paid attention to it, introduced it and studied it. 19 At the end of the 20th century, the administrative works of American and Japanese scholars were translated and published. Drawing lessons from the theory and practice of foreign administration and combining with the tradition of China, Sun Yat-sen put forward the ideas of separation of five powers, equality of central and local powers, public examination and meritocracy. At the same time, some colleges and universities in China have started to offer administrative courses. Since 1930s, China scholars have written a lot of works on administration. After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the adjustment of colleges and departments of higher education in 1952, although administration was not systematically studied as an independent discipline, related disciplines made beneficial discussions on state administration from different angles. 1980 12 the Chinese political science society was established, and the research activities of political science were widely resumed, including the study of administration. 1984 set up a special administrative research institution. 1988 Summer, China Administrative Institute was formally established. Since then, China Academy of Social Sciences, institutions of higher learning, Party schools at all levels of China Production Party and adult education institutions have all set up administrative research or teaching institutions. At the same time, some administrative works and teaching materials have been published.