What are the basic classifications of accounting objects?

Accounting elements are the basic classification of accounting objects, the concretization of accounting objects, and the basic units used to reflect the financial status and operating results of accounting entities.

Accounting elements are divided into accounting elements that reflect the financial status of the enterprise and accounting elements that reflect the operating results of the enterprise.

China's "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" define six accounting elements, namely assets, liabilities, owners' equity, revenue, expenses and profits.

Classification of accounting elements 1. Assets.

Resources formed by past transactions and events and owned or controlled by the enterprise, which resources are expected to bring economic benefits to the enterprise.

When understanding this definition, it should be noted that: assets that may be formed by future transactions or events cannot be recognized, such as contingent assets; the enterprise does not have ownership of the assets in the balance sheet, such as fixed assets leased by financing; cannot be given to

Assets that bring future economic benefits to the enterprise cannot be recognized as assets.

2. Liabilities.

Refers to current obligations formed from past transactions and events, and the performance of this obligation is expected to result in the outflow of economic benefits from the enterprise.

When understanding this definition, we should pay attention to: Liabilities that may arise from future transactions or events cannot be recognized, but contingent liabilities should be recognized when they meet the conditions; liabilities need to be paid off by transferring assets or providing services, or borrowing new debt to repay

Old debts.

3. Owner’s equity.

It refers to the economic interest enjoyed by the owner in the assets of the enterprise, and its amount is the balance after assets minus liabilities.

When understanding this definition, we should pay attention to: Owner's equity is an accounting element that shows the property rights relationship of an enterprise; Owner's equity is essentially different from liabilities. Liabilities need to be repaid regularly, but the owner's investment cannot be withdrawn casually.

4. Income.

It refers to the total inflow of economic benefits generated by an enterprise in its daily activities such as selling goods, providing services, and transferring asset use rights.

When understanding this definition, we should pay attention to: the sources of income include three aspects, namely selling goods, providing services and transferring the right to use assets, but income from external investment is not included in the income element; income should be the source of the enterprise's

It is formed in daily operating activities, so non-operating income is not included in the income elements.

Investment income and non-operating income should be considered profit factors in China.

5. Fees.

Expenses are the outflow of economic benefits incurred by an enterprise in daily activities such as selling goods and providing services.

When understanding this definition, we should pay attention to: There is a proportional relationship between expenses and income; the part of the expense that can be objectified forms the manufacturing cost of the product, and the part that cannot be objectified forms the period expense; therefore, an expense

Either product costs or period expenses.

6. Profit.

Profit is the operating results of an enterprise during a certain accounting period, and its amount is expressed as the difference between revenue minus expenses.

When understanding this definition, we should pay attention to: as an element that reflects the operating results of an enterprise, profit should refer to the net profit of the enterprise, that is, the difference after the total profit minus income tax; the total profit is composed of four parts, namely operating profit, net investment

Income, subsidy income and net non-operating income and expenses; profit is the final element that reflects the operating results of an enterprise.