Lujiang local customs 14: Lujiang people living customs and old rituals

Country farmers planted rice seedlings for the first time each year, the old custom of sacrificing Shennong, land, to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China when the firecrackers turned to early morning pulling seedlings, early food and noodles, lunch banquet, wishing for a year of rain and good weather, a bumper crop. Farmland irrigation with keel water car (wooden), car water, used to count the number of turns (i.e., every turn of a carriage water), the number of times to a certain singing tone, the voice is loud and clear, emotionally high, and the rhythm, glowing spirit. Many farmers also love to shout songs when harrowing. To be rice and wheat ripe, farmers first sickle cut a small piece of rice or wheat "taste the new", heralding the crop is about to be harvested; the fall harvest pick rice handle, playing huh, show the harvest music. In the middle of the break to eat summer tea (green beans and rice), to prevent heat. Big farm work (including building) neighbors and friends to help each other, or ask for help, in order to focus on the time to rush in the sunny weather to finish. Diet is based on rice, with flour, yams and other miscellaneous grains. In the countryside, there is usually 1 meal of dry rice (Chinese food) and 2 meals of rice (breakfast and dinner); in the busy season, there are 4-5 meals, and there is the habit of eating "summer tea" and "playing the tip" (1 meal in the morning and 1 meal in the afternoon). Most people like to drink tea, and they used to have the habit of drinking morning tea and eating breakfast. In winter, pickles are made, especially in the countryside, where families pickle mustard greens, cabbages, radishes, etc., as a family dish, and townspeople pickle five-spice radish jerky. It is customary to pickle fish, ducks and pigs' legs in winter, and to make sealed chickens and fish, and to pack sausages. Rural villages in mountainous areas scattered and fragmented, dike residents more along the dike to build houses, village name first crown surnames, such as Li's old house, Zhang Zhuang, Zhao Yibei, Xia Yuan, etc., is to follow the clan's family name into the village and the name of the settlement. Used to several generations in the same house, more than twenty years ago, the house is generally earth walls, grass roof, low and damp, but warm in winter and cool in summer. Lujiang people in the old rituals and customs Lujiang people meet and greet, to have a meal when meeting, then ask whether to eat. Ask often with "please ask" two words, to the old man or elders respectfully referred to as "the old man", between men and women of the same generation shouted "family", there are elders shouted the younger generation "family", but the men and women of Lujiang people in the old days etiquette and customs. Partner", but the male can not call the female "partner". Lujiang people have always been hospitable, weekday guests, shaking hands, reception, handing cigarettes, pouring tea, sit with and stay for dinner. Hospitality, please elders in the chief, the rest are sitting around the table, send guests also said: "hospitality is not good, hope that the future often come." It is also customary to send wedding gifts, birthday gifts, funeral gifts and meeting gifts. Marriage is based on the words of matchmakers and parents' orders. In the old days, there were marriages outside the clan, aunt-cousin marriages, aunt-cousin marriages, finger-womb marriages, cradle marriages, child brides, and so on. The traditional marriage order is a set of procedures, such as the order of words, visiting relatives, matchmaking, hiring a matchmaker, passing the gung sticker, the bride price (Chaojie), the next day, and choosing an auspicious day for the wedding. On the day of the wedding, the door to paste the happy couplets, window stickers "double happiness", please friends and relatives to gather to celebrate and drink wine; with pots and pans, grass rope and other sets of matchmakers, the male side to receive the new personnel's face all smeared with red, to express the joyous occasion. Before the woman on the sedan chair, there is a "crying marriage" custom, the girl to "cry" a, the content is mainly reluctant to give birth to parents, siblings, etc., there is a "scholar failed to laugh is crying, the girl is married to cry is a smile! There is a folk proverb that says, "A scholar's smile is a cry, and a girl's cry is a laugh when she gets married. Selected auspicious time sedan chair, hall above a pair of candles, worship ancestors, cover the red head, carried by elders or brother sedan chair, dowry hidden jujube, cake, peanuts, etc., meaning "early birth" and so on. To the male party, the first closed down the sex, and then worship, sent to the cave. That night, there is a room and other customs, the wedding 3 days, no size, regardless of seniority, young and old are all room. The third day of marriage, all the female relatives and friends to go to the male side of the "look three". A month later, the bride and groom back to the bride's home, eat back to the door, the bride's home to do "full moon", send hemp basket, scissors, needle and thread, and other women's red paraphernalia. "Ten months of pregnancy, one day of labor". Before a daughter goes into labor, her mother's family sends her a "birth-inducing tea" or invites her to eat "birth-inducing rice". After the birth, the "happy egg" to the parents-in-law and friends and relatives to report the good news. The baby was born on the ninth day of the wash "nine Chao", the mother's family to send chickens, eggs, sugar, rice and noodles, and baby clothes, friends and relatives to congratulate; dry moxa fumigation water for the child to take a bath, the bathtub cast a lot of copper coins, the child washed and cleaned with a boiled egg "rolled head", to worship! "four sides", with a small onion pat on the head, symbolizing the child smart, long life. 1 weeks old, the line "catch the week" ceremony, in the bamboo mat put pen, ink, candy, rouge, toys, etc., so that the child any catch the same, a foretaste of the future future. Lujiang have the habit of life, every year, family birthdays, generally celebrate some, eat eggs and noodles, to celebrate longevity, 59 years old, held a grand event to celebrate the 60th birthday, commonly known as the "do not do nine ten". Mourning rituals in the county is more complicated, in the person is about to die, burning paper foil, wearing "old clothes", firing a string of firecrackers, the death of the family and friends present at the mournful cry, the dead body will be parked in the hall on the door, and then there will be neighborhood relatives and friends, "look at the old" to see the end of the day. After the deceased is placed in the coffin, a hearse is set up, an obituary is sent out, and the son and daughter-in-law wear mourning clothes. The coffin stops at home for 7 days or more, or 3 days or less. The funeral was sent to the cemetery or Alcove or burial, the third day after the burial of the "mountain". 60 years of age or older, the deceased mourning called "white wedding", during the funeral, who can ask for a bowl of rice to eat, after eating, but also quietly take away bowls, marigolds, the name of the "theft of life! This is called "stealing life", which means that one can live a long life in the future. The popular seasons in the territory are customarily based on the lunar calendar, mainly Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Ching Ming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, June 6, July 30, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chung Yeung Festival, Winter Solstice, Send Stove (Lunar New Year's Day), New Year's Day (Lunar New Year's Day), New Year's Eve, etc. The Spring Festival is the most solemn, starting from the first day of the Lunar New Year. The Spring Festival is the most important, and from the time the stove is sent on the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year, families begin to prepare for the New Year by dusting, steaming poi, making ginger rice candies and sugar dumplings, and deep-frying Yuanzi. There is nothing more important than eating the New Year's dinner. On the 30th day of the Lunar New Year, every house is cleaned, Spring Festival couplets are put on all the doors, the families of educated people write couplets, poems and couplets are written on the spot, and the poor people buy red paper and ask the educated people to write the couplets, and three "sugar-beaten eggs" are boiled in order to show their respect for the culture. In the morning of the 30th, soup (chicken and meat) is cooked, and adults and children eat meat and drink soup to satisfy their cravings. The whole family gathers together. Ancestor worship activities before the meal, with a bench added to the back, one by one to carry the ancestors to the table, the first wine for the ancestors to drink first, and then the whole family began to eat the New Year's dinner. The table is full of rich dishes, and there are fish on the table, mostly silver carp, which are not allowed to move the chopsticks, symbolizing the "yearly surplus". After the New Year's meal, the elders give the children packets of New Year's money, and at night the family keeps a long vigil, lighting lanterns and waiting for the time to celebrate the old and welcome the new. The New Year's Day 3 days without going down to the raw (rice), not sweeping the floor, not dumping garbage, said to keep the wealth. Early in the morning on the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar, the door opens and the "door cannon" is fired. Everyone dressed up, go out in groups of three or five to the elders to pay tribute to the New Year, to friends and relatives to congratulate the New Year. The second is generally son-in-law to his parents-in-law, nephews to his uncle's home, nephews to his aunt's home to pay tribute to the New Year. During the New Year's Eve, people are full of joy, meet and greet, friends and relatives to pay tribute to each other, drink "wine of the past year", eat five spiced eggs, "New Year's Day, New Year's Day, tea eggs towards the front". "On the seventh day" to drive away evil spirits, firecrackers in the morning, women do not move the needle, cut, "seven out, eight do not return, the first nine or ten to the home," the folk proverb. The 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar for the Lantern Festival, known as the "small year", "fifteen big like the year" said. Breakfast to eat Lanterns, to show the reunion, the evening lanterns, dragon lanterns, shrimp lamps, lion lamps, rowing dry boat, flower drums singing and other forms, especially dry boat and flower drums singing, improvised words, see the scene singing scene, a person first, two "orchid girl" to help sing, the audience and sing, sometimes, the two sides compete with each other, ten thousand people in the streets. Huangtun's dragon lanterns, Shengqiao's shrimp lamps, Lunan's flower drums sing, alum mountain lion lamps, are more famous, every play to a family, are the first to light up the lamps, lights, firecrackers, gifts (cakes, cigarettes, money, etc.), and sometimes the big families will be valuable gifts on the beams of the house, so that the lion lamps over the "Eight Immortals Table", the dragon lamps to play the "Coil Dragon Pillar". "Pan Longzhu", without a few points of kung fu, can not get gifts, play to the wonderful place applause, applause. After the Lantern Festival, mass entertainment, visiting friends and relatives and other activities less and less, the folk proverb has "ate half of the month meal, we do things" and "the first month of the New Year, February is good to do the field," said. Lujiang people in addition to live more lively is the Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar for the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan's traditional festivals, popular eating mung bean cake, wrapped in the habit of zongzi, taste the "Three Fresh" (peaches, apricots, mulberries), families in the doorway on the insertion of moxa and iris grass to avoid evil spirits, burning Cangzhu at lunchtime to fumigate mosquitoes, vermin, afternoon drink Xionghuang wine, eat Xionghuang fried broad beans, to the children hanging! "Dragon Boat Festival brocade" (with garlic, camphor, etc.), set of "long life locks", noon "hiding noon", adults and children do not go out, to avoid direct sunlight. Family pick up the girl back to her mother's home, send deep-fried noodle cake, straw hat, towel and fan, the daughter for her mother to do a big white coat. Lujiang water village annual Dragon Boat Festival race, you chase me, compete for the first prize (red satin, cakes, silver dollars, etc.), men and women, old and young, competing to watch. The 15th day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar for the Mid-Autumn Festival, at this time, the agricultural harvest has been finalized, farmers celebrate the harvest, friends and relatives to give each other mooncakes, greetings to each other, eat soup dumplings for breakfast, the children go out to catch the stone crabs, Chinese customary chestnut roast chicken and fish and shrimp as a delicacy, drinking wine and having fun, and enjoy the moon in the evening, taste mooncakes, rhombus, pomegranates, peanuts and so on, the whole family reunion, the atmosphere is harmonious.