What is the forest industry economy?

Economic activities for obtaining forest industry products. The production and reproduction of various products of the forest industry (including production, distribution, exchange, consumption of various links) process is the forest industry's entire economic process. It is an important part of the production and reproduction process of forestry and occupies an important position in the national economy. China's forest industry economy is a socialist economy dominated by the ownership of the whole people and combined with the collective ownership of the working masses and a few individual ownerships. Therefore, every important link in the process of production and reproduction must be organized in accordance with the needs of the country and the characteristics of a planned commodity economy. The forest industrial economy includes the timber harvesting industrial economy, the timber industrial economy and the forest chemical industrial economy.

The structure of the forest industry economy

includes ownership structure, industrial structure and management system organization structure. China's situation is: ① the economy of national ownership and collective ownership of the working masses is the main body of the forest industry economy, individual ownership and other ownership economy is the forest industry economy is complementary. ② The establishment and formation of industrial structure is usually based on the needs of the society and the development trend of national economy. The basic content of the industrial structure of the forest industry is: timber harvesting industry (forest logging, timber land and water transportation, storage yard operations, etc.); timber industry (sawn timber, wood-based panels, furniture production, etc.); forest chemical industry (wood refinery production, hydrolysis and pyrolysis production, pulp and paper production, etc.); forestry machinery manufacturing industry. ③The establishment of the organizational structure of the forest industry management system is based on the ownership structure and industrial structure, and in order to meet the needs of the economic management of the forest industry, the organizational and management system of production, supply and marketing has been established from the central to the local level up to the enterprise's division of labor, collaboration and mutual cooperation with a planned and organized system. Forest resources are an important factor affecting the economic structure of the forest industry. Only on the basis of the permitted harvesting volume of forest resources and the available volume of other products (e.g., resins), and taking into account the overall forest production and social demand, it is appropriate to establish the corresponding industrial structure of the timber harvesting and transportation, timber industry, forest chemical industry, and forest machinery manufacturing industry. According to the ownership structure and industrial structure, the establishment of the corresponding organization and management system, the establishment of a with China's economic system and forest resources in line with the timber harvesting and transportation, timber processing, forest chemical industry and forestry machinery manufacturing industry and other aspects of the forest industry between a certain proportion of the economic system, is of great significance.

Forest industrial production

The development of forests, forest trees and other forest resources as raw materials and processed into a variety of social needs of wood products and other forest products of this industrial activity, in China can be traced back to the Qin, Han Dynasty, or even earlier. However, the forest industry as an independent economy was only gradually developed after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, when the forest industry played an increasingly important role in the national economy, and after 1949, the state utilized the power of the regime to deprive the forest industry of its economic power directly from the bureaucratic buyer class, the imperialists and the landowner-capitalists, or gradually transformed it into an all-powerful economy by means of socialist reforms of the industrial and commercial sectors. After 1949, the state used its power to take away the forest industry economy directly from the bureaucratic buyers, imperialists and landlord capitalists, or through the socialist transformation of the industry and commerce, and gradually turned it into the ownership of the whole people or the collective ownership of the working masses. China's original forest industry had a very weak foundation and a very low level of productivity. before 1949, in terms of timber harvesting and transportation, there were more than 20 narrow-gauge railroads with a total length of 1,450 kilometers for transporting timber in the Northeast, and very few people were engaged in logging operations, except for the plundering and logging organized by the colonialists and imperialists. Most of the forest logging in the southern forest areas is done by small wood traders who buy "green hills" and hire their own laborers to log them, and then transport them through small rivers to the big rivers, where they are purchased by big wood traders and then transported to the distribution centers for sale. In addition to the use of forest railroads for longer-distance timber transportation, other timber harvesting and collection and transportation operations are basically dependent on manpower, animal power and natural forces (rivers, snow and ice). In terms of timber processing, there were also only two types of product production, sawn timber and plywood, most of which were located in the northeastern forest areas and large and medium-sized coastal cities, and were small in scale, with rudimentary equipment and low mechanization, and some of which were carpentry workshops, using traditional manual work. According to records, between 1948 and 1949, only 570,000 cubic meters of sawn timber were produced in the Northeast Forest Region. Forest chemical industry, but also only in the primary products stage, not only low yield, few varieties, and production technology is also very backward. After 1949, in order to meet the needs of national economic development, the state, faced with the technological backwardness of the forest industry, irrational production layout and production scale, gradually implemented the transformation, adjustment, and expansion of the scale of production. The number of large and medium-sized State-run enterprises in the timber harvesting and transportation industry grew from more than 50 in the early 1950s to 131 in the 1980s, all of which were located in State-owned forest areas; in the collective forest areas of the south, additional timber harvesting and transportation engineering facilities were also commonly built, and logging farms and forestry bureaus were set up. Log production capacity increased from 5.67 million cubic meters in 1949 to more than 64 million cubic meters in 1987. In the timber industry, while the state systematically built and expanded some large-scale timber factories, the original private small-scale timber factories implemented the policy of closing, stopping, merging, transferring and relocating, and not only adjusted the layout, but also carried out technological transformation. Artificial board production has also developed accordingly, the country's timber factories from 550 in 1956 to 2,000 in the 1980s (including the timber workshop), sawn timber annual production capacity of 8.5 million cubic meters to more than 30 million cubic meters, the annual production capacity of man-made boards in 1949 less than 20,000 cubic meters in 1987 to develop to more than 2.4 million cubic meters. Forest chemical industry after the implementation of the original enterprise layout adjustment and technological transformation, most of the enterprises close to the raw material production base, product production has entered the depth of processing-oriented development period, product variety from 4 types of 21 kinds of development to 11 types of 112 kinds. From 1953 to 1987, the annual output of the main product rosin increased from 22,000 tons to 396,000 tons, quebracho extract from 120 tons to 50,000 tons, and violet gum from 15 tons to 1,909 tons. The forestry machinery manufacturing industry gradually developed from scratch, from small to large. By 1986, there were 77 forestry machinery factories in the country, with more than 170 kinds of self-designed and manufactured machinery products, basically adapting to the requirements of the economic development of the forest industry.The growth of the output of the main products of the national forest industry in the period from 1949 to 1987 is shown in the table.

China's forest industry sector enterprises for the country to provide direct products are mainly logs, sawn timber proportion is relatively small. 60 ~ 70 years, vigorously develop the sawn timber processing capacity, directly for the country to provide the proportion of log products declined, the production capacity of man-made boards began to take shape, the production of forest chemicals production has been the initial development of the 80's began, the comprehensive utilization of timber products, such as fiberboard, particleboard and forest chemical industry has had a relatively rapid development.

Circulation of forest industry products

The circulation of forest industry products in China since 1949 can be divided into three stages: ① From 1949 to 1952, it was the stage of free trade. Forestry enterprises, commercial sector, demand for wood sector, cooperatives, individual businessmen are trading through the timber market and other forest products market. ② 1953 to 1980 for the state unified management of forest industry products purchase and sale stage. State forestry enterprises, the main forest products, the state unified organization of distribution, transportation (fiberboard, particleboard is not included in the national distribution channels), collective forest timber products, timber management department unified organization of acquisition, distribution, ordering and transportation, unified management of the timber market, forest chemical industry products basically organized by the Ministry of Forestry, local sales. In 1981, the planned and unplanned timber markets began to co-exist. State-owned forest enterprises mainly implemented the national directive plan for timber sales, and the products were uniformly distributed by the state material department. Five kinds of forest chemical industry products, such as rosin, were distributed by the unified organization of the forestry department. In addition to the national directive plan, enterprises are also allowed to freely sell a small amount of unplanned timber and other forest products within the scope of state control. As a result of the reform of the circulation system, the price of forest products has also formed two systems, i.e., the timber sold in accordance with the directive part of the implementation of the unified state price, and the non-directive part of the timber sold in the implementation of the market price. With the establishment of the socialist market economic system, the price of forest industry products, especially the price of timber products, will be reasonably adjusted.

Consumption of forest industry products

The products of the forest industry are varied, and it plays an important role in the national economy. Such as a variety of special-purpose logs, panels, plywood, fiberboard, particleboard, furniture, rosin, quebracho, purple glue, pulp, etc., are indispensable materials for the construction of the national economy and the people's production and life. China's production and maintenance annually requires about 65% of the entire timber consumption, capital construction annually requires about 15% of the timber, and other aspects of the annual need for timber accounted for about 20%. As for other forest industrial products, such as rosin, turpentine, rubber, quebracho extracts, etc., they are all important materials for light and heavy industries as well as the national defense industry. The vast number of Chinese farmers cannot do without timber for their housing, agricultural tools and household goods. China's forest resources are relatively small, in order to meet the national construction and social needs of forest industrial products, the government and the relevant departments every year according to the possible conditions, made proper arrangements and supply.