What is the historical experience of ancient Chinese art and design?

Ancient Chinese architecture in general was developed with wooden structures, supplemented by bricks, tiles and stones. From the appearance of the building, each building has three parts: upper, middle and lower. The upper part is the roof, the lower part is the base, and the middle part is the columns, doors, windows and walls. In the columns above the eaves there is a kind of wooden fast vertical and horizontal interspersed, layers and layers of the combination of components called arch, which is represented by the Chinese Oriental architecture is unique components. It can support the eaves and the beams and ceilings of the house, but also has a strong decorative effect. Garden architecture is different from other buildings, free and flexible layout, endless changes, the pursuit of nature, of course, more with traces of Taoist thought.

Ancient Chinese gardens have a long history, is a garden occurred the earliest, and the most perfect, and continuous development of the country, from the pre-Qin to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thousands of years, dynasties, have achievements. The earliest was the Zhou Wenwang made Lingtai, followed by Qi Liang from the Three Kingdoms to the Southern Dynasties (220 AD-479 AD), from Qi Liang to the Late Tang Dynasty (479 AD-836 AD), from the Late Tang Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty (836 AD-1127 AD), from the Southern Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty (1127 AD-1368 AD), and finally for the Ming-Qing Dynasty (1368 AD-19th Century AD), when Ming and Qing Dynasty Chinese gardens, developed to the apex, pay more attention to the interest. "Interest" for the interest, seeking charm; "meaning" for the mood, with deeper philosophical connotations. At this time the garden, landscape and trees, in fact, has been transformed into a human self-worth, or to communicate with people to achieve a deeper philosophical. Throughout the history of Chinese gardens, the Ming and Qing gardens of attainment realm, is the most perfect of the ancient Oriental gardens, so there can be no other gardens after the phase reached

The highest level of traditional Chinese gardening art is "although made by people, just like the sky opened". This is actually the traditional Chinese culture, "the unity of man and heaven" in the garden of the idea of embodiment. The "sky" is a historical category, originated in ancient mankind on the unpredictable fear of the vastness of space. After the summer and the Shang Dynasty, it was regarded as the supreme master with will and personality; after the Spring and Autumn Period, the worship of this master framed the cosmology based on the relationship between heaven and man, and formed a series of concepts such as "heavenly destiny", "heaven's will", "heaven's way", etc.; "heaven" is a historical category. "and a series of concepts such as" heaven and man "is the Western Zhou Dynasty, people emphasize the relationship between heaven and man are closely linked, inseparable point of view, this idea prompts people to love nature, close to nature, the development of nature. In the later garden construction is to comply with this idea.

The Ming and Qing dynasties is the art of garden architecture in China, the period of the grand scale of the Royal Garden and the combination of the Palace, built in the countryside, a small number of the scale of the city are also very grand. Its overall layout is in the natural landscape on the basis of processing transformation, some are relying on artificial excavation and construction, its architectural grandeur and thick, colorful, luxurious and opulent. And its level of garden art than before has improved, the literary arts into a garden art component, the garden built everywhere there is a painting, everywhere there is a painting. This period of the palace garden is the masterpiece of the West Garden and Tai Liquid Pond.

Another feature of the Ming and Qing Dynasty gardens is the construction of a large number, especially in the Qing Dynasty. Garden art decorative luxury, architectural scale, solemn, the layout of the garden is mostly a garden within a garden. In the overall layout of the garden with mountains and water, pay great attention to the garden buildings play a controlling and main role, but also pay attention to the title of the attractions, the formation of the Qing Dynasty landscape gardens and architectural palaces of the obvious characteristics. This garden art masterpieces, such as the Yuanmingyuan in the western suburbs of Beijing, the use of western mountain springs to create a water feature; Summer Palace to Wanshoushan and Kunming Lake to form the main scenery;, Chengde's summer resort to the mountains and forests, as well as the Qianlong Imperial Garden in the Forbidden City, there are also a number of private gardens, such as the Humble Administrator Garden (built in the years of the Zhengde Ming garden) in the south of the Yangtze River, which has a long tradition of humanities, the central part of the overall to the opening of the water features, supplemented by architectural landscape The net garden (first built in the Southern Song Dynasty during the Shaoxing years), the garden architecture is sparse, but the main and secondary, rich in change, the garden within the garden, within the scene within the scene; Wuxi sends the smooth garden (built in the Ming Zhengde years), west of Mount Huishan, southeast of Mount Xishan, spring water, beautiful natural environment; Suzhou Garden in Jiangsu Province, the Chinese landscape flowers and birds of interest, the mood of the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty poetry, in the limited space, embellished with wigwams, trees, arrangement of pavilions, pavilions, ponds and pavilions. Pavilions, pavilions, ponds and bridges, so that the Suzhou Garden to win the scene, the scene is different because of the garden, giving people a small see big artistic effect; ......