What are the forms of traditional houses in China?

1. Courtyard residence with wooden frame

This is the most important form of traditional residence in China, with a large number and wide distribution, which is used by most people of Han, Manchu, Bai and some other ethnic minorities. This kind of residence is dominated by wooden frame houses, with a main hall or main room built on the main axis in the north-south direction, and east-west wing rooms opposite to each other in front of the main room.

This type of housing is spread all over towns and villages in China, but it has its own characteristics due to the different natural conditions and lifestyles in different regions. Among them, quadrangles are represented by quadrangles in Beijing, forming a unique architectural style. ?

Second, the "Four Waters Returning to the Hall" type residence

There are many names of houses in the south of China, and the plane layout is the same as that of the "quadrangle" in the north, except that the courtyard is small, which is only used for drainage and lighting ("Four Waters Returning to the Hall" is a local common name, which means that the rainwater on the inner slope of each roof flows into the courtyard).

The main room of the first courtyard of this kind of residence is usually the hall, the courtyard is slightly open, and the hall is more open, which is connected with the inside and outside of the patio. Most of the houses entering the courtyard in the back are buildings, and the patio is deeper and smaller. The roof is paved with small blue tiles, and the indoor floor is mostly paved with stone slabs to suit the warm and humid climate in the south of the Yangtze River.

3. Datulu

Datulu is a circular building where Hakka people live in China and western Fujian. Generally, it is 3 ~ 4 floors, and the highest is 6 floors, including the courtyard, which can accommodate more than 5 families.

There are halls, warehouses, barns, wells and other public houses in the courtyard. This kind of house is very defensive. Hakkas created a unique architectural form to protect their own survival, which is still in use today.

IV. Cave dwelling houses

Cave dwelling houses are mainly distributed in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai and other areas with thick loess layers in central and western China. Using the characteristic that loess wall can't stand down, the arched cave dwelling is excavated horizontally.

this kind of cave house saves building materials, has simple construction technology, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and is economical and applicable. It is divided into backer kiln, flat kiln, brick kiln, stone kiln or adobe kiln.

V. Dry-diaphragm residence

Dry-diaphragm residence is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi and other areas in the southwest of China, and it is the residence form of Dai, Jingpo and Zhuang. Ganlan is a building made of bamboo and wood. It is a single independent building, the ground floor is overhead, used for raising livestock or storing things, and the upper floor is occupied by people. This kind of building is moisture-proof and can prevent insects, snakes and wild animals from intruding.