Reading poems makes people realize the teaching of ancient poems in China.

Bacon said, "Reading poetry makes people witty." Ancient poetry is a bright pearl in the treasure house of Chinese art, which has been passed down for thousands of years. The language of ancient poetry is concise and implicit, with profound artistic conception, which fully shows various forms of Chinese beauty: singing the beauty of rural mountains and rivers, singing lyrics; Or soft and humble, or bright and fresh; There are sad and generous, but also lingering; There is the open-mindedness of the poet Li Bai and the depression of the poet Du Fu. Many ancient poems selected in primary school Chinese textbooks have lofty ideas, novel ideas, fresh language and rich interest. In teaching, I realized that we should be good at guiding students to learn ancient poetry, savoring it, analyzing its language and exploring its interest, so as to stimulate students' interest in learning more effectively, absorb its nutrition, explore its true meaning, enrich students and be "smart".

According to the basic characteristics of ancient poetry, I think we can teach ancient poetry like this:

First, the use of situational teaching methods to guide students to feel the beauty of artistic conception

In the teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should create situations through various ways and channels to guide students into the realm. There are many specific methods:

1. Introduce the author's background. The author of every ancient poem has his specific life background and personal experience. After students understand this, they can grasp the author's special mood when writing poems, read poems and imagine. For example, when teaching Ode to a Wandering Son, because the students' real life is far from the environment at that time, I will supplement the story of the "Three Movements in Meng Mu" so that students can further understand the meticulous care of their sons by their mothers. It is worth mentioning that introducing the background is only a prelude or interlude to the teaching of ancient poetry. Therefore, teachers must grasp the key points and be concise in teaching, and cannot talk too much or cover everything in order to satisfy students' curiosity.

2. Contact with real life. Teachers should be good at mobilizing students' life experience, introducing things familiar to students in real life into ancient poetry, narrowing the distance and building an entry bridge. For example, Yuan Mei's "What I See" depicts a life picture of a shepherd boy riding an ox, singing loudly, suddenly stopping singing and still catching cicadas, which is clear and easy to understand. Teachers can inspire students to associate themselves with the scene of singing loudly when they are in a good mood and the experience of catching insects such as dragonflies and butterflies at ordinary times, so that they can present the pictures depicted in the poem in their minds and feel the beauty of the pictures in the poem.

3. Use intuitive images. In the teaching of ancient poetry, it is often impossible to watch it in real life due to the limitations of conditions. Make use of multimedia courseware, pictures and music to make students feel immersive. Students can easily understand poetry through such personal experience;

4. Enrich emotional imagination. In teaching, guide students to imagine the plots and scenes in poetry. For example, when I was teaching two spring poems, Chunxiao and Village Residence, I designed a link to describe the poems, and the students closed their eyes and imagined, "What do you see? What did you hear? " After class, take students to nature to feel the vitality of "the grass grows and the warbler flies in February" and inspire students to think "What do you see and what do you think?" This not only trains students to transform language into reproduction and imagination, but also helps students to understand poetry and feel the beauty of artistic conception of ancient poetry.

Second, master the learning methods of ancient poetry and guide students to taste the beauty of language.

To taste this language, you must first read sentences. The language of ancient poetry has its own characteristics, such as sentence condensation, meaning jump, component omission, word order inversion and so on. These are obstacles for students to learn ancient poetry. According to the characteristics of primary school students, the method of helping them understand and teach ancient poetry-word segmentation and linking writing: first, understand the literal meaning word by word and its meaning in this poem; The second is the sequential translation according to modern Chinese norms. The learning methods of ancient poetry can be summarized into seven words: extension, retention, supplement, change, tune, chewing and examination.

Expansion: To "expand" condensed words is to expand the original highly condensed sentences of the poet, so that the original intention of the poem becomes obvious and concrete. By expanding the meaning, students can understand and accept the meaning more easily.

Leave: words that are common in ancient and modern times should be left. Such as time, place, name, etc. This is also convenient to retain the original intention of poetry and is more conducive to students' understanding and reciting.

Supplement: Ellipsis is a common phenomenon in ancient poetry. When encountering this phenomenon, students can't explain it as long as they make up the omitted components. For example, Zhang Ji's poem "a night-mooring near maple bridge" omits "Jiang Feng fishing and sleeping", which is easy for students to accept and understand.

Change: Words with different usages in ancient and modern times should be changed. Because ancient poems are "ancient", there are great differences in meaning, meaning and grammatical phenomena between ancient and modern times. For example, the words "Sit" in Sitting in the Maple Grove at Night, "Sit" in which everything is empty after death, "Go" in which children are rushing to catch up, "Incline" in which the stone path is far away from the cold mountain, and "Decline" in which the local accent has not changed its hair. These words have different meanings or pronunciations in ancient and modern times, so students are easy to expect to write.

Tone: it is to adjust the order of sentences. When interpreting ancient poems, it is much easier to readjust the word order of antithesis, rhyming and even words according to the language habits of modern Chinese. For example, the phrase "Frosty Night" in Zhang Ji's a night-mooring near maple bridge was translated into "Frosty Sky" when I was teaching, and the students understood it as soon as they heard it.

Chewing: that is, chewing and tasting means that when we explain ancient poetry, we should guide students to chew and taste some key, vivid or philosophical words and expressions in poetry carefully, so as to guide students to have a deeper understanding of poetry. For example, the clever use of the word "green" in the teaching of "Boating in Guazhou" and "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" has always been praised by people and can guide students: What does "green" mean here? Which word can I change it to? How about this exchange? Let students understand that the words "come", "arrive", "enter", "pass" and "full" are not as tangible and colorful as the word "green".

Textual research: Ancient people often quoted allusions when writing poems. When explaining, we should properly "textual research" the allusions used in poetry, so that students can understand the true meaning of poetry. For example, in Wang Wei's "I miss my brothers in Shandong on vacation in the mountains", there is a sentence "Cornus officinalis is short of one person". The "horn" here is an ancient symbol. When explaining, students can quickly understand with relevant examples.

After mastering the learning methods of ancient poetry, students can imagine according to their own understanding and translate ancient poetry into vivid, concrete, poetic and picturesque prose. This can not only give play to students' subjectivity, but also help them understand poetry. Therefore, in teaching, teachers should guide the study of ancient poems, guide them in lectures, practice them in guidance, and inspire students to understand the usage of laws. In addition, teachers should attach importance to guidance, and students should use consolidation learning methods.

Third, guide emotional reading and students to experience the beauty of phonology.

The ancients said, "Read it a hundred times and you will know its meaning." Ancient poetry is neat, even and regular, and it is easy to read. Ancient poetry, with its unique phonological beauty, can best arouse students' interest in reading. The teaching of ancient poetry should truly implement the concept of "reading-oriented", inherit the excellent experience of traditional education, follow the "flowing water" of modern teaching theory, and adopt various forms of reading so that students can understand, feel, experience and accumulate in reading.

Reading guidance is to let students master the methods and skills of emotional reading. First guide to determine the emotional tone, and then guide to deal with stress and rhythm. On the basis of students' understanding, guide them to repeat. Wan Yue in the Song Dynasty said: "If you don't tire of reading books, you must recite poems lightly." Only by letting students recite and savor repeatedly, rather than being satisfied with reciting, can students feel the linguistic beauty of ancient poetry. For example, teaching the poem What You See, four sentences in the poem outline the voice, emotion, spirit and posture of the cowherd. Read the first sentence, "the shepherd boy rides an ox", and describe it equally; The second sentence "Singing vibrates Lin Yue" is full of praise, highlighting the word "vibration"; The third sentence "I want to catch cicadas" uses narrative tone; The "suddenly" in the fourth sentence should be heavy and quick. After reading the pause, it shows that the shepherd boy is alert and resourceful; The word "keep silent and stand upright" is light and slow, word for word, which reproduces the expression of a shepherd boy holding his breath quietly, waiting for an opportunity to observe and quietly catching cicadas. I arrange enough time for students to read aloud repeatedly, so that students and poets can have * * * sounds and show their lively and agile characters.

In addition to mastering the above teaching points, we can also pay attention to the following aspects: First, we should understand the arrangement intention of teaching materials before teaching. In some texts, there are two poems. It is necessary to understand why they are grouped together. The function of this ancient poem text in this unit is related to the texts before and after the ancient poem. The second is to classify poetry. Such as patriotic poems, friendship poems, frontier poems and pastoral poems. For example, when we study the ancient poem "Sailing in Guazhou" with the theme of homesickness, we don't confine the students' thinking to this poem, but guide them to think about Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Wang Wei's Brothers Silu on a Mountain Holiday and Wang Bo's Homesickness. The third is to properly arrange rewriting and imitation training. For example, the narrative poem "To Wang Lun" is rewritten into a short story, and the landscape poem "Looking for Flowers Alone by the River" is rewritten into prose, so that students can learn "Recalling Jiangnan" and practice lyrics. They are all full of interest and eager to try. This combination of reading and writing really kills two birds with one stone. Let the students imagine according to their own understanding. Performing, painting and singing can really make students immersive, see their people and hear their voices, and make learning interesting, interesting and beautiful.

According to the above teaching points of ancient poetry, students can learn ancient poetry from passive exploration to active exploration, which greatly enhances their self-study ability and has a stronger interest in learning. At the same time, we can regard the study of ancient poetry as a kind of fun and enjoyment, so that the teaching of ancient poetry can really exert its unique charm, and the essence of classical literature can penetrate into students' blood and fragrance from their lives! Let their lives be full of beauty because of ancient poems!