Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - What are the feudal ideas, superstitions and complicated etiquette in ancient and modern times?
What are the feudal ideas, superstitions and complicated etiquette in ancient and modern times?
Two years after the Western Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang died and his son became king. When the king was young, the Duke of Zhou ruled for him. When Duke Zhou was in power, he formulated the system of vassal sealing the country. This system is the "feudal system". According to this system, etiquette teaching is "feudal ethics". "Feudal system" and "feudal ethics" are combined into "feudal society". Advocating "feudal society" in everything is "feudal thought" The main contents of "feudal thought" are as follows: first, the son of heaven is the ruler of the world, the representative of advanced factory power and advanced culture, the representative of the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, and the guarantee of world stability and peace and people's living and working in peace and contentment. Therefore, we must adhere to the leadership of the son of heaven. Second, the feudal hierarchy (Emperor, Duke, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong) is the foundation of the "feudal system", and the upper level leads the lower level, and the lower level obeys the upper level, which is the guarantee of this system. Therefore, subordinates must insist on unconditional obedience to superiors. Third, the "feudal system" is maintained by the state machine, but the role of the state machine is very small. It needs people's spontaneous and conscious maintenance. Therefore, we must publicize "feudal morality" and carry forward "feudal ethics". Several cores of feudal ethics: 1 and "benevolence", all of which are essential qualities for a gentleman. 2. "Righteousness" is the essential character of human beings. 3. "monarch, minister, father, son, son" means that the monarch is mainly like a gentleman, his courtiers should be like courtiers, his father should be like his father, and his son should be like his son. 4. "Loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and sincerity". Loyalty means doing things from beginning to end, filial piety means that children obey their parents, and benevolence and righteousness are the same as above. Etiquette is all kinds of "rules" and "systems" (similar to that students have to stand up and say hello to their teachers before class now), honesty means not taking things, and shame means not doing things. Music is a good way to cultivate people's sentiment. Feudal society gradually disintegrated in the Spring and Autumn Period (Confucius said that the Spring and Autumn Period was a period when the ceremony collapsed and the music broke down), and it collapsed in the Warring States Period, when Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and completely destroyed the feudal system. The perversion of the Qin Dynasty was overthrown by the people's uprising. Later, in the Han Dynasty, feudal ethics was restored in some areas, but the feudal system was never restored. So today's China people are little influenced by feudal ideas. Many bad habits are not feudal thoughts. 0
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