Popularization of science handbook, the content must be simple,,

From the point of view of the sociology of science, popularization of science is a broad social phenomenon, there must be its own "growth point". The growth point of science popularization is at the intersection of nature and man, science and society. In other words, the interaction between natural science and human society generates popularization of science, and science and technology and society as the "soil" of popularization of science, feeding its growth. The progress of science and technology and social development provide new growth points for popularization of science, which gives popularization of science a vivid vitality and a strong social and contemporary character. Figuratively speaking, popularization of science is a "modern civilization play" for the general public with the background of the times, society as the stage, people as the protagonists, and science and technology as the content, and there is no traditional reserved program on this stage.　In essence, science popularization is a kind of social education. As a social education, it is different from both school education and vocational education, and its basic features are: social, mass and continuity. The characteristics of popularization of science show that popularization of science must be socialized, mass and regular way of popularization of science, make full use of the modern society's multiple channels of circulation and information dissemination media, and lose no time to widely penetrate into various social activities, in order to form a large-scale, vibrant, socialized popularization of science.　Modern science and technology is an extremely large and complex three-dimensional structural system, with rich connotations and a variety of social functions. In the popularization of science and technology, we should not only focus on the external utility of scientific and technological knowledge, but also should not neglect its intrinsic scientific thought, scientific method and scientific spirit. Among the four different levels (i.e. data, information, knowledge and intelligence) contained in knowledge and information, intelligence, which occupies the highest level, is the most active and important quality that constitutes people's scientific and cultural quality. And this is particularly important for leading cadres at all levels in different positions and managers of scientific and technological work.

Science by who to write and writing qualification

Science books are some of the great scientists who have become qualified to write, this is the academic industry rules, so some scientists are reluctant or some difficult emotions to write science, which is mainly to take into account the reason that they are not yet great scientists, because once so and so scientists promised to write a work of science and technology. People in the industry generally will not say, the heart will be disgusted, and finally by some ordinary people to write (but must be out of love and respect for science to write) and can not sign the real name can only be a pen name, this is the rules of the road.

Science popularization in China

Because of China's large population, backward educational infrastructure, and low per capita education level, the overall level of scientific literacy of the public is relatively low. In addition, China is currently a country with uneven economic and social development. There are great urban-rural, regional and occupational differences in the public's scientific literacy. Therefore, the popularization of science in China is a multi-level three-dimensional project, which has richer contents than the public understanding of science in the West, including popularizing scientific knowledge, advocating the scientific method, disseminating scientific ideas, and promoting the spirit of science.　Since the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), popularization of science has been treated as a public good, and has been highly valued by the government and all sectors of society, with the establishment of institutions for the management and coordination of popularization of science, the construction of a large number of venues and facilities for popularization of science and the launching of a wide variety of popularization of science activities.

China's Popularization of Science Legislation

In June 2002, China promulgated the Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology, the first popularization of science in the world.　In 2006, the State Council promulgated the Outline of the Plan of Action for the Scientific Quality of All People In 2009, Nanjing promulgated the Regulations on Popularization of Science and Technology in Nanjing

China's Science Popularization Management and Activity Organizations

Since the founding of New China, the Chinese government has always attached great importance to the popularization of science and technology. At the early stage of the establishment of New China, a Bureau of Science and Technology Popularization was set up in the Ministry of Culture of the Central People's Government to lead and manage the popularization of science and technology throughout the country. Subsequently, specialized science popularization management bodies were set up in all departments and localities. The government has invested a great deal of money in establishing a number of national science popularization venues. From the central government to local governments, there are special funds for popularization of science to support science popularization activities. China's current funding for popularization of science is mainly based on government appropriations. All sectors of society, including the scientific and technological community, the media and publishing industry, urban communities, enterprises and so on, are actively involved in popularizing science.

National Management Organization for Popularization of Science

The Chinese government's management and coordination organization for popularization of science is relatively centralized. In order to manage and coordinate the popularization of science and technology activities of all departments, and to make all departments pay attention to popularization of science and technology, according to the provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for formulating national planning for popularization of science and technology, implementing policy guidance, and supervising and checking, and the National Popularization of Science and Technology Joint Conference was set up in April 1996, with the Ministry of Science and Technology as the leader, and the Ministry of Propaganda of the Central Government and the China Association for Science and Technology as the vice leaders. In April 1996, the National Joint Conference on Popularization of Science was set up with the Ministry of Science and Technology as the head unit, the Central Propaganda Department and the China Association for Science and Technology as the vice head unit, and its members consisted of the departments related to popularization of science and technology in the central government, the State Council and mass organizations. Subsequently, local joint conferences on popularization of science were set up accordingly in various parts of China, which provided an institutional guarantee for the effective mobilization of various forces to carry out popularization of science.　Among the systems of the State Council, the popularization of science in each ministry is based on its main functions.　The Ministry of Science and Technology has set up a Division of Popularization of Science under the Department of Policies, Regulations and Institutional Reform. The functions of this division are: drafting national policies and regulations on popularization of science, organizing and coordinating major national activities on popularization of science, and improving and implementing the system of scientific and technological specialists.　Among the organizations under the Ministry of Education, the Department of Basic Education, the Department of Vocational and Adult Education, the Department of Science and Technology, the Department of Teacher Education, and the Department of Physical Education, Health and Art Education are involved in science and technology education and popularization of science and technology to varying degrees according to their own functions.　The main duties involved in the Ministry of Health include: carrying out comprehensive health education, guiding the implementation of primary health care planning and special technologies for mother and child health care, and guiding the popularization and application of medical scientific and technological achievements.　The Ministry of Agriculture plays an important role in the popularization of science in rural areas. The Department of Science and Technology Education under the Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the popularization of agricultural scientific and technological knowledge and the promotion of agricultural technology. In addition, the Ministry of Agriculture actively supports the popularization of science and technology by the Chinese Agricultural Society.

Science and technology popularization activities institutions

Although the China Association for Science and Technology is a mass scientific and technological organization, it plays an important role in China's scientific and technological development, and one of its main functions is the popularization of science and technology. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has made a very outstanding contribution to the popularization of science in China by organizing science popularization activities.　The Law of the People's Republic of China on Popularization of Science and Technology clearly stipulates the status of the organization of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology (CAST) as the main force in popularizing science and technology, and it is charged with the task of organizing and implementing popularization of science and technology.　The Department of Science and Technology Popularization has been set up in the organization of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology (CAST) to be in charge of the popularization of science and technology in the CAST system.　Of the 167 national societies belonging to the CAST, 138 of them have set up science popularization working committees. The China Popular Science Creation Association was established in 1979. Of the 22 directly subordinate institutions, 14 are engaged in popularization of science, such as the China Science and Technology Museum, the Science Popularization Press, and the China Popular Science Research Institute. Nationwide, 2,881 science associations above the county level, 65,482 societies, 10,674 enterprise science associations, 328 science associations of colleges and universities, 4,191 street science associations, and 32,511 township science associations and science popularization associations have been established. The institutions of CASS have formed the most complete organization for popularization of science from the central to the local level in a systematic way.　The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) is also an important department in China's popularization of science and technology activities. Its responsibilities in popularization of science and technology are to give full play to the advantages of CAS in terms of its dense concentration of high-tech talents and advanced scientific research facilities, to strengthen the ties between the various scientific research institutes and scientific and technological workers with the public; to mobilize and organize the majority of scientists and scientific and technological workers to publicize scientific and technological knowledge in various forms; to promote scientific research institutes in a conditioned position to open up their research laboratories for the society. Publicizing science and technology by holding lectures, organizing visits and other means. In order to give full play to the advantages of its own intellectual and facility resources, and to popularize the latest scientific and technological achievements of CAS to the society in a timely and effective manner, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has set up the Leading Group of Popularization of Science and the CAS Office of Popularization of Science, which is responsible for the popularization of science and technology in CAS, and is actively carrying out popularization of science and technology activities.　The All-China Women's Federation (ACWF) has set up a Women's Development Department, which is involved in popularization of science and technology: guiding local women's federations in organizing women's cultural, scientific and technological training and vocational skills training; mobilizing and organizing women's participation in poverty alleviation, western development and ecological environment construction, and promoting rural women's reliance on science and technology to become rich; guiding local women's federations in carrying out the "Shuangxue Shuangbi" (learning culture, learning to compare) programme. It also guides local women's federations in carrying out activities such as "Double Learning and Double Comparison" (learning culture, learning technology, comparing achievements and making contributions) and "Women's Work". The functions of the Ministry of Children's Work involving popularization of science include: carrying out work with girls and promoting their development; participating in the promotion of out-of-school education, and coordinating and promoting society as a whole to create a good social environment for the healthy growth of children.　In addition, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the China **** Youth League and other departments have specialized institutions set up to take charge of the popularization of science among workers and young people.

Science popularization venues and facilities

Science popularization venues and facilities are important venues for science popularization propaganda and education for the public. As of 2001, there were more than 240 science and technology museums in mainland China***, including 21 science and technology museums, 8 comprehensive nature museums, 6 museums established in nature reserves, 115 specialized natural history museums, about 50 specialized technology museums in agriculture, aviation, aerospace, post and telecommunications, railroads, traditional Chinese medicine, coal, and the military, and 38 aquariums, as well as another 38 at the provincial level. Comprehensive museums set up by the Ministry of Nature 9.

Science and Technology Museum

Science and Technology Museum refers to the comprehensive science and technology popularization place, its main functions are: exhibition education, training education, experimental education.　Museum of Science and Technology of China, a project of 20,000 square meters in 1988 was completed and opened to the community; in 1999, the 50th anniversary of the National Day, 20,000 square meters of the second phase of the project was completed, the turn of the millennium to the community officially open.　The contents of the new exhibition hall of the second phase of the MOST reflect the trend of scientific and technological development in the new century and the major fields of China's national economic development, including more than 300 items of exhibits in different fields of various disciplines, such as aviation and spaceflight, life science, environmental science, information technology, energy and transportation, materials and manufacturing technology, and basic science, as well as about 400 items of exhibits of China's ancient achievements in science and technology.　The Dome Hall of China Science and Technology Museum is one of the largest dome theater halls in the world.　In 2006, a new China Science and Technology Museum with a construction area of about 120,000 square meters will stand in the Olympic Park, and more modern facilities will make it one of the top three science and technology museums in the world.　The Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (SSTM) is a large-scale venue for science popularization activities established with the input of the local government, and the 9th Informal Meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders, which was held in Shanghai, China in October 2001, was held in the SSTM.　Haier Science and Technology Museum is the first modernized science and technology museum funded by enterprises in China, founded in 1998 and officially opened to the public in 1999. Haier Science and Technology Museum is a large-scale modern exhibition hall based on corporate culture and integrating science and technology, culture, tourism and entertainment.

Professional Natural Museums

Currently, 115 professional natural history museums have been built in mainland China, including 30 biological museums such as dinosaurs, 15 planetariums and 70 geological museums.　The advanced technology applied in the Changzhou Chinese Dinosaur Park is a model for natural museums in China. The Dinosaur Park utilizes scenarios to recreate the unique living environment of the Mesozoic Era by means of splashing waterfalls, cold rocks, waterless oceans, dense jungles, and flooded caves, etc. The fossil displays are not similar to each other. The fossil display is not the same as each other, through high-tech means and the use of sound and light, combined with film and television imaging, cartoon animation, dinosaur modeling, online games and various types of technology production, so that the Chinese Dinosaur Museum breaks through the traditional concept of museums, and become a shocking, set of museums, popular science, viewing, play, participate in the integration of the modern new dinosaur museum.　There are five main halls and six auxiliary halls in China Dinosaur Museum. The total area of the museum is more than 20,000 square meters, and the dome of the museum body reaches 36 meters at the highest point. The halls are interconnected through logical routes. The history of biological evolution as the design background, focusing on the dinosaurs from the survival, reproduction, evolution until the destruction of the conception of the main line, revealing the interdependence of life and the environment, mankind must protect the ecology, protect the environment of the profound theme.

Science popularization education bases

Using existing resources for scientific and technological activities and opening them to the public to a certain extent are also an important part of China's science popularization facilities.　In 1996, the National Science and Technology Commission (NSTC) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) identified the first batch of pilot science popularization education bases open to the public, including the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Chemistry, the Institute of Botany, the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and the Institute of Paleoanthropology, and the Computer Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Science popularization caravan science popularization train

"Science popularization caravan" is the Chinese Association for Science and Technology in accordance with the requirements of the development of China's popularization of science and technology and the development of production, the purpose is to carry out scientific and technological popularization of science and technology publicity to remote areas, scientific and technological consulting, and organizing exhibitions of popularization of science and technology.　The caravan has five functions: displaying and educating science and technology popularization exhibits on board, publicizing and educating on exhibition boards, broadcasting science and technology films and videos, presenting science and technology popularization materials and books, as well as mobile science and technology popularization and publicity stage, etc., which is known as "mobile science and technology museum".　The caravan was put into use in January 2001, and has carried out a large number of science popularization activities in the rural areas of central and western China, and has been warmly welcomed by the rural residents. 2002, the caravan traveled in 17 provinces, municipalities and districts of China, and held about 100,000 science popularization reports and lectures, with tens of millions of audiences. In 2002, China launched the "Science Popularization Caravan", a program for the general public.　In 2002, China also launched the "Popular Science Train" for the western region and the old, small, border and poor regions, which mainly carries out activities such as popular science exhibitions, presentations, lectures, consultations on agricultural technology, training in medical technology, the teaching of experience in getting rich, and the screening of popular science films.　In May 2002, the "Popular Science Train" with the theme of "Spreading Science and Civilization, Serving the People in Old Districts" departed from Beijing and carried out publicity and service activities in 14 counties and cities in Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Jiangxi Provinces along the Jingjiu (Beijing-Hong Kong-Kowloon) Railway, and in October 2002, the "Popular Science Train" with the theme of "Spreading Science and Civilization, Promoting the People in Old Districts" departed from Beijing. "Spreading Science and Civilization, Promoting the Development of the West" as the theme of the popularization of science train from Beijing to the northwest, for the Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu and other three provinces and districts along the railroad in nine counties (flags, cities) to provide services to the people of all ethnic groups. Everywhere it went, it was widely popular.

Large-scale popularization of science and technology activities

China's large-scale popularization of science and technology activities include Science and Technology Week, large-scale popularization of science and technology exhibitions, and science and technology trips to the countryside.　Science and Technology Week is one of the most important popularization activities in China, and in 2003, despite the impact of the SARS epidemic, the National Science and Technology Week was still held online as scheduled. The theme was "Relying on Science to Overcome SARS".　The activities of the National Science and Technology Week were very rich in content, and organizations concerned with science popularization activities in all provinces and cities of the country took actions to promote science and technology, and to facilitate the dialogue between the public and science. Every year, the National Science and Technology Week Joint Conference on Popularization of Science develops a theme through consultation, around which various departments organize various forms of popularization of science and technology activities.　The 2004 National Science and Technology Activity Week, with the theme of "People-oriented Science and Technology, Comprehensively Constructing a Moderately Prosperous Life", was held from May 15 to 21, 2004, which was rich in content and varied in forms, highlighting three aspects: focusing on publicizing the scientific outlook on development, emphasizing the importance of science and technology for the "Three Rural Areas", and emphasizing the importance of science and technology for the "Three Rural Areas". The week focused on promoting the scientific concept of development, emphasizing the services of science and technology for the "three rural areas" (agriculture, rural areas and farmers), and focusing on science education for minors. The main activities included a large-scale theme exhibition and a large-scale science and technology garden party on the theme of "People-oriented Science and Technology, Comprehensive Construction of Well-being" in Beijing, a large-scale science and technology popularization activity on the theme of "Enriching the People with Science and Technology" in Xibaipo, Hebei, and a large-scale science and technology popularization activity on the theme of "Revitalizing Northeast China, Serving the Three Rural Areas" in Heilongjiang. The "Revitalization of Northeast China, Service to Three Rural Areas, Science and Technology Train to Longjiang" large-scale activities.　Comprehensive science popularization activities such as Science and Technology Week and Science and Technology Month, though short-lived, have a very wide impact. By organizing large-scale science popularization activities on a regular basis, we have mobilized the enthusiasm of scientific and technological personnel to carry out science communication, promoted the public's learning and understanding of science and technology, and expanded the social impact.　At the same time, in conjunction with major international and domestic festivals, all national units concerned with popularization of science actively carry out various forms of popular science activities. For example, on International Meteorological Day, World Health Day, World Environment Day, World Earth Day, International Museum Day, National Tree Planting Day, and National Energy Conservation Awareness Week, etc., the units concerned publicized the corresponding scientific knowledge in the form of science popularization contests, speeches, or large-scale cultural and artistic performances according to the festivals through the means of publicity and public opinion, such as newspapers, radios, televisions and the Internet.　Science popularization activities for rural areas place greater emphasis on the dissemination of practical technology. Since 1996, extensive cultural, scientific and technological, and health activities have been carried out throughout the countryside during the spring and winter seasons of each year, and more than 10 million scientific and technological personnel have been organized to go to the countryside to help rural cadres and masses improve their cultural and scientific qualities.　These activities are interspersed with lectures on popular science. According to statistics, in 2002 alone, the China Association for Science and Technology system organized nearly 90,000 lectures, with more than 3 million participants.　"Thanks to the government departments' attention and support to the popularization of science, China now has the best environment for popularizing science in the world." --Famous Chinese mathematician Chen Shengshen, who has traveled to many parts of the world, expressed his heartfelt admiration for China's popularization of science environment after comparing the conditions of science popularization work in China and abroad

Definition of popularization of science

With a clear and recognized definition, it is easy to know the basis of an argument and to reach a consistent conclusion.　The process of telling one's arguments and conclusions and allowing the reader to verify for themselves that this conclusion is a repeatable law (science) is known as popularization of science.　Superstition is a form of communication that does not expect the listener to verify, but only to accept the narrated ideas.　Acceptance without validation is also superstition.　Telling science to people who are not capable of understanding or verifying it should be called initiation, and is mostly used to tell science to children when they do not yet know basic scientific verification methods. This does not apply when theories are being exchanged, when the main focus is on evidence. School textbooks are the standard popular science books that can stand up to scrutiny and experimental proof.　From this definition, such as a brief history of time, without rigorous reasoning process, blindly push some "scientists" conclusions to the public practice, not popular science, at most counted as enlightenment, that is, for those who do not know the theory of relativity, or do not understand the theory of relativity to see, and popular science books, like the textbook, for each experimental argument, should be clearly explained preconditions, expected results, experimental results, which allows the reader to verify.　Our school textbooks are the most common popular science books. It is the definition of science that is used that is verifiable and repeatable. There is no strict definition of "scientist", and popular science books do not need to be written by scientists!　Some people define science and technology popularization: "science and technology popularization, refers to the use of public easy to understand, accept and participate in the way, popularize the knowledge of natural and social sciences, dissemination of scientific ideas, carry forward the spirit of science, advocate the scientific method, promote the application of science and technology activities." Einstein used this method to "popularize" his theory of relativity: "A man sitting by the fireplace for five minutes, he felt like an hour; a man and his favorite girl chat, an hour, he felt five minutes. So time is relative." It is true that a statement easily understood by the public has been adopted, but it is wrong! Science is an objective law, not subject to human will, and time as defined by science is the uniform time that all frames of reference agree on, otherwise it is not scientific time. The spirit of science, is the attitude of questioning everything, no matter who said the words, only if there are no exceptions, we recognize it as scientific. This definition, just happens to be similar to my definition of enlightenment. See wikipedia entry: enlightenment, enlightenment education.