What are the expressions, expressions and writing methods in Chinese?

1, narration (narration) 2, description 3, lyricism 4, discussion 5, explanation

(1) narrative. Narration is the most basic and common expression in writing. It is the author's narration and explanation of characters experience and events, and the transformation of scene and space. Widely used in writing articles.

(2) description. Description is an expression that describes the appearance and modality of the object (including psychological description, language description, action description, expression description, appearance description and environment description) and reproduces it to readers. It is one of the main forms of narration, especially literary creation. It is sometimes used as an auxiliary means in general lyricism, discussion and elaboration. Good use of descriptive techniques can make readers feel at home by seeing this person and hearing his voice, from which they can get a strong artistic infection.

(3) lyric. Lyric is to express and express the author's feelings. Specifically, it refers to a literary activity that is organized in formal words and symbolically expresses one's inner feelings. It is subjective, personalized and poetic, as opposed to narrative. As a special way of literary reflection, lyric mainly reflects the spiritual level of social life, and realizes spiritual freedom through the aesthetic transformation of reality in consciousness. Lyricism is the dialectical unity of individuality and sociality, as well as emotional release, emotional construction and aesthetic creation. It is the main expression in lyric style, and it is often used as an important auxiliary expression in general literary works and narratives.

(4) discussion. Discussion refers to the author's comments on a discussion object to show his views and attitudes. Its function is to make the article clear and profound, with strong philosophical and theoretical depth. In argumentative writing, it is the main expression; It is often used as an auxiliary means of expression in general narrative, expository or literary works.

(5) description. Description is an expression that clearly explains the shape, nature, characteristics, causes, relationships and functions of things in concise words. Some explained objects are physical things, such as mountains, rivers, plants, stationery, buildings, utensils and so on. Some are abstract truths, such as thoughts, consciousness, self-cultivation, viewpoints, concepts, principles, technologies, etc.

As the formal elements of an article, five expressions must serve the content expression. Writing something in different ways can produce different effects. This is the so-called expression function.

Presentation skills include:

Lyric with objects, lyrical scenery, narrative lyricism, direct lyricism, contrast with the symbol of Zhang Xianzhi, contrast with imagination, care for feelings by comparing scenes, contrast with objects, set suspense by combining reality with reality, pave the way for dynamic and static, set suspense rendering environment, profile description of characters, direct lyricism, indirect lyricism, etc.

Different styles and expressions:

The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on.

Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc.

Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, analogy reasoning, etc.

In the reading appreciation of modern literature, the expression techniques include imagination, association, analogy, symbol, contrast, rendering, rhetoric, intonation and allusions.

There are many ways to express poetry, and the traditional ways are "Fu, Bi and Xing". From a modern point of view, there are three main types: analogy, exaggeration and metonymy.

As for the expression effect, it is simply the function of expression skills (including expression mode, expression technique, description method and rhetoric). I don't know what you are asking.

The following is a list of Chinese knowledge. Although it is not particularly comprehensive, it is more organized and may be helpful to you.

1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.

2. Means of expression: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense setting, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine, set off, etc. (See above).

Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy, irony, beautiful melody, truth, echo, synaesthesia and so on.

Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.

5. Narrative order: chronological order, flashback, insertion and supplementary order.

Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.

Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.

Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.

Methods of describing scenery: the combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), the combination of generalization and concrete, from far to near (or from near to far).

X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).

XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.

Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.

Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.

Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.

Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.

17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.

Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.

20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)

Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.

Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony

Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection.

Twenty-four, others:

(A) the role of sentences in the text:

1. Preface: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;

2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;

3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)

(2) The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.

1. Metaphor and personification: vivid;

Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

2. parallelism: momentum, emphasis on tone, and so on. ;

Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.

3. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking;

Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics

Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.

4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

5. repeat: emphasize ... strengthen the tone.

Example: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing.

Classification: explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories, so as to make the explanation more organized.

Comparison: Compare the differences between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Interpretation: give a specific explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things to make the explanation easier to understand.

For example, compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Imitation of appearance: a vivid description of the characteristics/events of things to make the explanation more specific.

Definition: to reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.

Enumerate figures: explain the characteristics/facts of things with specific data to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

Chart: Use charts to explain the characteristics/events of things, making the explanation more concise and intuitive.

Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)

B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)

C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

Demonstrate with examples:-Use typical examples to illustrate the argument. Prove the argument with conclusive, sufficient and representative examples.

Strongly refute the wrong statement or prove the central argument.

Reasoning argument:-Quote classic or famous sayings, proverbs, epigrams and other proof arguments, and prove the argument by reasoning.

The author puts forward or proves the argument more forcefully.

Comparative argument:-Use counterexamples or comparative reasons to illustrate the argument.

Prove with positive and negative reasons or facts. Highlight the argument of the article

Metaphorical argument:-Explain the argument with the help of figurative metaphor. Prove an argument by metaphor.

It makes language vivid, and it demonstrates … [arguments] in an easy-to-understand way.

Rationality argument: It profoundly and powerfully proves that ...

[If it is an epigram, it is said to have a warning effect and increase the persuasiveness of the article]

Fact argument: It proves conclusively and accurately. ...

(3) Answer to the meaning of the sentence:

In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering a question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.

(4) Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?

Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...

Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...

Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.

(5) Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?

I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged.

(6) Explain the role of paragraphs

(1), structure, content and function: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article.

Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.

(2), combined with interpretation.

Explain … (features or things) by the method of …, so as to explain … (functions).

(7) Summary of paragraph meaning

1. Narrative: Give a clear answer (when and where) to who did what.

Format: (time+place)+people+things.

2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.

Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)

3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.

Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?

That's all. Let's talk about it later.