Luo's Yin literary translation

Tong Xian mother, surnamed Luo, Ninghai Tong Shi Shi Shi Shi Qing wife.

The child's mother, surnamed Luo, Ninghai Tong Shi Shi Shuoqing wife. Luo for the county's old family, the mother of the young bereaved parents (1), posture thick, have knowledge, thirteen years back (2) children's. When the grandmother of the Secretary's high age. At the time of the grandmother and parents are old, the mother of the filial piety, respect and obedience to the rule of industry and women's work is very good to return to the road, aunts and uncles like, home affairs a (3) of the appointment. My grandmother was ill late in life, her hands and feet were paralyzed and she could not lift (4), and when her bed was polluted by ulcers, my mother washed it with her arms. When she was sick, her hands and feet were paralyzed and she could not lift her arms and legs. The grandmother's heart was so strong that she wished every time, "I am bitter that I have no new wife to pay back, and I hope that you will have a son and a wife who will be as filial as you are."

The virtuous mother had the knowledge and ability to meet her sisters and relatives of the clan. On the deaths of her grandparents and uncles and aunts, she would bury them inside and outside the house, and she would give them all the necessary instructions. Since then, the family has been growing, and four husbands (7) son. The sons were all talented and learned; they were trained to be courteous and loyal, especially in the way of their mothers. And the Division Shi flea (8) the world, the sons of the eldest, marrying a woman to have grandchildren, a listen to the teachings of a wise mother. So they ate with each other, and did not share their wealth with each other. Make ancestral shrines and set up sacrificial vessels to worship their ancestors. Between the family, out of the internal law, the eldest and youngest Lun, meet people have favor, to treat the guests with courtesy, so the virtuous mother far and wide are called.

At the beginning, Yuan Ji (9) no government. Everyone to (10) the cost of the long officials, out of the rent tax, so that (11) the small people tenants on behalf of the loss, and thus fishing profit. Four liters of rice per mu levy, small people think sick. Will be virtuous mother's family for the Lizheng, urging the people to rent tax, the order to reduce it by half, not enough rather than out of their own corn to lose. The poor and weak rely on the countryside is not poor. Hongwu early, Ninghai and neighboring counties hungry, rich people in the wheat loan poor, every wheat bucket responsible for the grain two buckets and three liters. Xian mother's family has a number of granary wheat, called the son said: "hungry people, and my family is fortunate to have a surplus, can not bear to take the time to multiply the interest? If (12) and other ineffective others, it is appropriate to reduce the interest rate of one bucket, as the township rate." So the eldest son to comply with his mother's wishes, and the brothers line. And white in the county, please ban more interest to sick people. Hundreds of miles within the wheat lender Li (13) its interest rate is small, competing to run away, salty sigh of relief that the child mother himself. Mother is good to give to the orphans and the weak, can not survive on their own to give money and corn, not responsible for its payment. Marry for the woman, so that the family business. This is more than twenty people. When people were hungry, she would give them food. When someone has an emergency, he will consider that the matter can be solved, and then he will give (14) to his sons to solve the problem. After or carry, never compare with. To the unrighteous people to warn not to approach, things in the unavoidable to warn not to do. His anticipation of the world's affairs was so far-reaching that even a husband could not catch up with him (15). The family refers to more than a thousand, maidservant allegations, everyone to check their hunger, food, bitterness and happiness and their talent appropriate, there is no complaint.

This year a few (16) eighty, children and women, and the grandchildren of women, men and women dozens of people, great-grandchildren seven or eight people. The first time I saw this, I was so happy to see you, I was so happy to see you, I was so happy to see you. The famous people who come and go, all pay homage and go, called the wise mother cloud.

Cultural knowledge uncle aunt: refers to the in-laws.

Examining real words (1) kin - parents. (2) return - to get married, in ancient times, a woman who got married was called "return". (4) Lift - activity, movement. (5) De - adjective as verb, grateful. (6) phase - verb, help. (7) Husband - an ancient term for a man. (8) flea - through "early". (9) Season - noun, the late or end of the age. (11) bi - verb, to make, to enable. (13) li - the intentional use of the adjective to ...... profit. (14) Genus - generalized "will". (15) catch - to catch up, to reach.

Examining imaginary words (3) a - adverb, all, all. (10 to - preposition, with. (12) If - pronoun, you, ye. (16) Several - adverb, nearly.

(One word with multiple meanings)

Or: 1. Pronoun, some people, some. Such as "people or tell hunger, push food to give it" (this article), and then "people inherently have a death, or heavier than Mount Tai, or lighter than a feather" (Sima Qian, "Reporting Ren'an Book"), and also "or fifty steps and then stop, or a hundred steps and then stop " (Mencius, "The Widow's Country"), etc.

2. Adverb, perhaps, maybe. Such as "after or back, never with the more" (this article), such as "the Yue people talk about Tianmu, clouds and clouds or can be seen" (Li Bai "dreaming of traveling to Tianmu Yin Liubie") and so on.

3, adverb, occasionally, sometimes. Such as "ulcers or when dirty bed, mother held washing" (this article), such as "or floating or no scaly" (Liu Yiqing, "Shishu Xinyao"), and so on.

4, adverb, if or if. For example, "The guards or relatives of the bandits are turned into wolves and jackals" (Li Bai's "Hard Road to Shu"), and then "Or the king's order and the declaration, sometimes towards the Baidi, twilight to Jiangling" (Li Daoyuan's "Notes on the Water Classic").

5, tone words, often used in negative sentences, to strengthen the negative tone. Such as "the brutal thieves public line, Mo's or stop" (Jia Yi "on the accumulation and storage of sparse"), such as "even if the five-foot child is suitable for the city, Mo's or deceived" (Mengzi Teng Wengong on) and so on.

6, through the "confused", confused. For example, "Heaven or the king is not wise" (Mengzi zuizi Shang), and then "don't go from the way of the car, or lose the way" (Ban Gu, "Han Shu Huo Zaiwei biography"), etc.

Sentence Translation

(1) So they eat together, do not share the wealth of the different cuisines.

To translate this sentence, pay attention to the meaning of "异爨" in the text. "Different Cuisine" means not **** with a stove, meaning that the family. Such as "until the father of the different Cuan, inside and outside more small door, the wall is often but" (return to Youguang "want to spine Xuanzhi", Tong's family in the Tongxian mother's teachings, living in harmony, so Tongxian mother, although the four sons, but did not split the family each over the other.

This sentence should be translated as: So the family lived in harmony, ate together, and did not live in separate households.

(2) The rich man in the mile lent wheat to the poor and needy, and he was responsible for two buckets and three liters of grain for every bucket of wheat.

To translate this sentence, pay attention to the phenomenon of inversion in the literary language. In addition to striving for accuracy, the translator should also pay attention to the phenomenon of inverted sentences and the use of words. Where there are inverted sentences (such as object antecedent, gerund, determiner, etc.), they must be turned into the normal order of speech; where there is the use of words, they must be translated. In this sentence, "The rich man in the village lent wheat to the poor man" is a definite article postpositive sentence, and its normal order should be "The rich man in the village lent wheat to the poor man".

This sentence should be translated as follows: "There are rich people in the village who lend wheat to the poor, and for every bucket of wheat they ask for two buckets and three liters of grain to be returned.

The translation of Tong Xianmu, surnamed Luo, was the wife of Tong Shiqing, the official of Ninghai County. Luo's family was originally a big family in the county. Tong Xianmu lost her parents when she was very young; she was dignified, generous and insightful, and married into the Tong family when she was thirteen. At that time, Tong's grandmother was already very old, and his parents were also very old, but Tong Xianmu served them very filial and respectful, housekeeping and financial sewing is very much in line with the way of the daughter-in-law, in-laws are very happy, all the family's affairs to her to manage. Tong Xianmu's grandma was sick in her old age, her hands and feet were paralyzed and she could not move, and when her bed was dirty from urination and defecation, Tong Xianmu would personally hold her or help her to clean it by holding her up. When she drank and ate, Tong Xianmu would always take a spoon or chopsticks and feed her herself, and this was the case for a long time. Grandma Zu appreciated what she did in her heart and often blessed her privately, saying, "I feel pained that I cannot repay my daughter-in-law, and I hope that in the future you will be able to have children and daughters-in-law who will be as filial and respectful as you are."

Tong Xianmu was smart and capable, and treated her sister-in-law and clan relatives with kindness. When her grandmother and father-in-law passed away, she helped her husband with the funeral arrangements, making all the necessary arrangements. Soon the Tong family prospered, and Tong Xianmu gave birth to four sons. When the children grew up, all of them were rich in wisdom, good learning; Tong Xianmu educated them in the way of courtesy and loyalty, and the children all had their mother's style of dealing with people. When Mr. Tong died, his sons grew up, married and had grandchildren, and all of them obeyed his mother's teachings. So the family lived in harmony, ate together, and lived without separation. Tong Xianmu built a shrine for his ancestors and added sacrificial offerings to the deceased ancestors. Between families, there were laws inside and outside, order among the young and the old, kindness to others, and courtesy to guests, so that people from far and near praised the virtuous mother.

Previously, at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was political darkness and social unrest. Many people used their money to make friends with officials, and when they were supposed to pay the rent and tax, they let the people who rented their fields pay it on their behalf, and the village headman took advantage of this and gained benefits. The village head took advantage of this and levied four liters of rice per mu of land, thus impoverishing the tenants. It was just in time that Tong Xianmu's family was the village head, so Tong Xianmu urged the people to pay the rent tax and let it be reduced by half, and those who did not have enough preferred to take out their own grain to pay on behalf of the village head. The poor, old and weak people in the village relied on this and did not have to live in poverty. In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, Ninghai and the neighboring counties had a famine, and there were rich people in the village who lent wheat to the poor, and each bucket of wheat demanded the return of two buckets and three liters of grain. At that time, Tong Hsien-mu's family had several warehouses of wheat, Hsien-mu gathered several sons and said to them: "There are a lot of people suffering from the famine, and our family is fortunate to have a lot of wheat, how can we tolerate borrowing at such a time to get double the interest? You men should not follow the example of others, but should reduce the interest by one ducat, to serve as an example to the people of the village." So the eldest son followed his mother's wishes and did this with each of his brothers. At the same time, he told the county to please prohibit the practice of the rich who took more interest and left the people in dire straits. The people who rented wheat for hundreds of miles around all thought that the Tong family's small interest rate was beneficial, and scrambled to the Tong family, all moved to sigh and treat the Tong mother as one of their own family members. Tong Xianmu like to give alms to help the poor and weak, can not feed themselves, Tong Xianmu gave him money and food, do not ask for their repayment. She also gave them daughters-in-law and helped them build up their families, and there were more than twenty of them. When someone came to tell her that he was hungry, Tong Xianmu gave him something to eat. When she met someone in difficulty, considering that the matter could be solved, she instructed each of her sons to help solve the problem. Later on, maybe people would be ungrateful, but Tong Xianmu would never take it into account. For the unrighteous person, Tong Xianmu warned her family not to get close to him, and for the unreasonable thing, Tong Xianmu warned her family not to do it. She is a man who can't keep up with the world's affairs and has a foresight in her work. She could tell the names of hundreds of servants in her family, and she knew the hunger, the food, the pain, the happiness, and the ability of each one of them, and there was no one in her family who resented her.

This year, Tong Xianmu is nearly eighty years old and has dozens of daughters-in-law and granddaughters-in-law, and seven or eight great-grandchildren. They have been serving her with filial piety and respect, just as Grandma Zu had wished. Famous people who pass by the Tong family, all have to pay homage to the virtuous mother before leaving, and praised the virtuous mother.