Interpretation of the main points of rural landscape design, spatial layout elements

Rural landscape is between urban landscape and pure natural landscape, it is an idyllic landscape with its own production and life style, and it is also a unique tourism resource because of its natural and humanistic features. Villages, farmlands, roads, rivers, etc. are all rural landscapes, and even ancestral halls, stone walls, laundry places, and rice-drying racks are all interesting rural life landscapes. How to plan and design these unique elements? What principles and techniques should be followed? This article will explain one by one.

I. Elements of Rural Landscape

1.

What is the rural landscape?

2.

Rural landscape classification

Rural Settlement Landscape: Rural settlement landscape is completely different from the urban landscape. First of all, for the rural landscape, the building volume is relatively small, the building form of local characteristics of the building form, and building materials are mostly local stone, wood-based, sparse houses; secondly, most of the buildings in the countryside will be set up in front of the house behind the courtyard, which is fundamentally different from the city building. At the same time, this also creates the main reason for the low density of rural buildings.

Village Cultural Landscape: Village Cultural Landscape is a composite of the surface phenomenon of the village, which reflects the geographical characteristics of the village in the region, as well as the formation of the village throughout the course of the development of the unique regional culture. It is a historical record of human activities and a carrier of cultural heritage, and also has an important historical and cultural value.

Rural plantscape: Rural plantscape is a natural ecological environment, the form of farming civilization, the humanities ecological environment **** with the role of the ecological **** together, which includes crops in the farmland, orchards in the forests, streams, weeds, etc., the rural plantscape is a label of the characteristics of the local region.

Second, the rural landscape design principles, points

1.

Design Principles

Ecological principle: In the rural landscape design should be strictly adhered to the ecological design of the landscape, fully respecting the countryside of the original natural ecological environment.

Economic principle: The main content of the rural landscape is the economic structure. The countryside is an important economic unit, affected by agricultural technology, natural resources, farming methods and so on, the roughness of agriculture has always been an important factor plaguing the economic development of the countryside. The establishment of an efficient artificial ecosystem is the principle and starting point of rural landscape planning.

Principle of territoriality: Each region has its own unique rural landscape, which reflects the unique regional characteristics of the countryside.

From the natural landscape, we must maintain the integrity and diversity of the natural landscape, landscape planning and design of the ecological principle is to create a quiet, suitable, natural production and living environment as the goal, fully respecting the characteristics of regional landscapes for the display of rural landscape has an extremely important role.

From the humanistic landscape, landscape planning and design should be in-depth rural cultural resources, such as local customs, folk culture, celebrities, and so on, through a variety of forms to develop and utilize, to enhance the rural humanistic tastes, in order to achieve the sustainable development of landscape resources.

Integration principle: In the village planning layout to absorb the local village layout, building design to reflect the local style, but also respect the existing village ponds, slopes, and vegetation conditions, the design of some of the artificial landscape to suit the local conditions, as far as possible to maintain the original rural landscape form.

2.

Design Points

For the rational use of rural land and rural tourism development of landscape planning research, discussed the "centralized and decentralized ecological network" and "top-down" and "top-down". "and" bottom-up "combination of rural landscape ecological planning mode; to explore the application of landscape ecology methods in leisure agriculture planning; bright-eyed defense that should be used to protect the ecological environment, improve the landscape structure, the construction of ecological engineering, create a harmonious artificial landscape four methods to the rural landscape planning and design. The program is designed for the rural landscape.

Need to pay attention to the following points:

The 19th Party Congress report formally put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, rural cultural revival is the soul of rural revitalization. Prosperity of rural culture, the construction of a new civilized countryside is the main development direction of rural culture, the revitalization of rural culture should be based on the characteristics of the region and the nature of the rural community, integration of rural industrial upgrading, optimization of the social structure, the enhancement of the ecological environment and other elements, to stimulate the rural community members of the "cultural self-confidence" in the traditional spirit of native culture and modern lifestyle to achieve the revitalization of rural civilization, and the development of the rural culture. The spirit of traditional local culture and modern way of life will lead to the revival of rural civilization.

Third, the rural landscape design method

1.

Spatial layout

Production area: Usually, the production area is the largest area in the beautiful countryside, and it is the guarantee of economic development.

Residential area: The villagers' residence in the beautiful countryside is usually in the form of courtyard, in addition to the renovation of the facade of the village house, the renovation of the front and back of the house is also a major aspect of the enhancement of the landscape effect.

Assembly area: The design can add villagers' activity square, big theater, etc. for people to rest, gather and communicate.

Traffic area: In order to ensure the safety of pedestrians, focus on creating a landscape atmosphere on both sides of the road to create a botanical mood.

2.

Space Creation

"Point" type space "point" type space to enhance the key points: in the courtyard Plant productive fruit trees to highlight the four seasons. Cultivate vegetable landscapes such as vine vegetables like loofah, cucumber, etc., and reasonably arrange facilities such as water wells, traditional agricultural tools like stone mills, stone grinders, carts, windlasses, and plowing tools in the courtyard.

"Line" type space "line" type space to enhance the key points: through the road on both sides of the hedge, plants, its height, tree posture, color changes to achieve different visual effects. In the transition zone on both sides of the street planting vegetables or fruit trees, flowering in the spring, autumn results, so that the village street landscape more idyllic.

"Face" type space "face" type space to enhance the key points: coordination of fruit trees, vegetables, sorghum, rice paddies, wheat fields, oilseed rape, and other different crops of color changes and scale with. The neat rhythm of farmland, the spring and fall of fruit trees, the lushness of the nursery, and the colorfulness of flowers build the atmosphere of the landscape.

3.

Morphological Organization

Static Space Static spatial morphology refers to the aesthetic feeling of viewing the scenery in a relatively fixed spatial range with a fixed point of view. To the sky and the earth as a background, to create a relaxed and open beauty; to the dense woods and farmland constitute the space to show the shade of the deep beauty of the scene; landscape environmental protection, waterfalls surrounded by space to give people the beauty of the cool; mountains and valleys surrounded by the people of the beauty of the abstruse and quiet.

Dynamic space experience in the process of experiencing the experience, through the point of view of the movement of the landscape space is called dynamic space. Dynamic landscape space display has a starting scene, climax, the end of the three paragraphs. According to the spatial sequence of the rural landscape unfolding, such as traditional village buildings, farmland planting areas, flower nurseries, vegetable and fruit gardens and other divisions to form a complete landscape sequence.

4.

Landscape details

Village sign design: The village sign design is generally located at the main entrance of the village, and if necessary, can also be set up at the end of the village sign for the front and back echo.

Design Points: Village markers are mainly in the form of plaques, spiritual fortresses, large signs, pillars and so on. Village signs must be combined with local characteristics and culture. Pay attention to the overall volume of the village markers and the choice of construction materials, color matching and so on.

Building facade renovation

Design Points: Building facade renovation is based on the premise of the original structure of the building, add the decorative elements of the regional characteristics and village culture, starting from the materials and elements, in line with the principle of respect for the culture of the site for the building facade. The "light remodeling" is based on the principle of respecting the culture of the site, starting from the materials and elements.

Cultural node building: Cultural node building refers to a series of public **** places such as villagers' activity plaza, big theater and other landscape building, in addition to highlighting the local characteristics, but also has the function of publicity and education, popularization of the local culture to the villagers and advocate cultural heritage.

Design Points: Reasonable arrangement of rest facilities, bulletin boards, fitness equipment, cultural sculptures, etc., the landscape elements should be consistent with the local culture, in order to highlight the regional characteristics of the main.

Plant Design: The plant design of the beautiful countryside is very different from the plant configuration in the city, and it does not have professional staff for long-term maintenance.

Design Points: Choose native tree species that do not need long-term care and can grow freely to create the original countryside plant landscape. Choose perennial herbs for grasses and flowers, and don't choose seasonal flowers that are 2012 years old.

Supporting facilities and sculpture design: Supporting facilities include rest corridors, rest benches, bulletin boards, lamps and so on. Sculpture vignettes can be water wells, farming equipment, stone mills, stone mills, carts, windlasses, plowing equipment, etc., can also be a sculpture that highlights the local cultural characteristics.

Design Points: Layout needs to be reasonable, the style and local characteristics of the unity, the volume should be moderate, the choice of materials to reflect the local culture and ecological culture.