Ancient Chinese Literary Scholar

Tao Yuanming (365-427), with the name Yuanliang (元亮), or Cloud's name Qian (潜), and the character Yuanming (渊明), was a native of Chaisang (柴桑), Xunyang (present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi). There is the Tao Yuanming Collection. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was a famous general at the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, holding strong troops to guard the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, supervising the military of eight states, and being granted the title of Duke of Changsha County. After his death, he was awarded the title of Grand Secretary. His grandfather, Tao Mao, was a governor, and his father also served in the government. Tao family for the Eastern Jin Dynasty after the Yuanxun, although the status is not as noble as the famous family in the south, is also a big family in Xunyang. But Tao Yuanming's family, because his father died when he was young, the family became more and more declining. From the age of twenty-nine, he began to go out to work, served as Jiangzhou priest, soon to return to hiding. Later, he worked as Zhenjun Senjun, Jianwei Senjun and other low-status official positions, living a life of reclusiveness. Tao Yuanming's literary creation, in poetry, prose, rhetoric and other aspects have high achievements, but the greatest influence on future generations is poetry; in Tao Yuanming's poetry, the most representative is the idyllic poetry.

Liu Zongyuan (773---819) was a Tang writer and philosopher. Liu Zongyuan (773---819) was a Tang writer and philosopher. His name was Zihou, and he was known as Liu Hedong. He came from a family of officials, and at the age of 21, he was awarded a bachelor's degree and became a member of the Imperial Household Inspectorate. He and Liu Yuxi joined Wang Shuwen's group which advocated for innovation, and served as ministers of the Ministry of Rites. After the failure of the revolution, he was demoted to the post of the assassin of Shaozhou, and then to the post of the secretary of Yongzhou on the way to his post. There were seven other people who were deported at the same time, which is known as the "Eight Simas Incident". During the long period of relegation, Liu Zongyuan got close to the people, and his thinking changed a lot. Later, he was appointed as the assassin of Liuzhou, which is also known as Liu Liuzhou. In literature, he advocated the Ancient Wen movement together with Han Yu, and was included in the "Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties", also known as "Han Liu". In literature, he emphasized the importance of both literature and Taoism, and emphasized the importance of seriousness in creative work. His works can be categorized into four types: biographies, essays, travelogues of landscapes and fables, with his travelogues of landscapes and fables having the highest literary achievements. His masterpiece of travelogue "Eight Records of Yongzhou" is a mixture of feelings and scenes. His fables are short, concise and far-reaching. The Three Precepts is a very influential masterpiece. Liu Zongyuan's achievements in poetry are also mainly reflected in his landscape poems. His poems are different from the landscape and idyllic poems of others, but they express his dissatisfaction with the reality of the society and his lamentation of his own misfortunes. Philosophically, he proposed that heaven and earth, Yuan Qi, and yin and yang could not be "rewarded and punished", and combated the popular idea of karma at that time, but he compromised with Buddhism, and advocated the reconciliation of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which was published in his book Mr. Hedong.

Li Bai (701--762), known as Taibai (太白), alias Qinglian Jushi (青莲居士), was a native of Changlong, Mianzhou (present-day Jiangyou County, Sichuan Province), and was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was an intelligent and erudite young man with a wide range of interests, and at the age of 26, he left his family and traveled halfway across China. At the age of 26, Li Bai left his family and traveled to half of China, where he was recommended by a Taoist priest, Wu Yun, and enrolled in Chang'an to serve in the Hanlin Academy. In less than three years, Li Bai began to roam again because of the corruption of the imperial government. In his later years, Li Bai lived a troubled and wandering life, and died in Dangtu (present-day Anhui Province). Li Bai's poems (such as "The Road to Shu" and "Dreaming of Traveling to Tianmu") are vigorous and unrestrained, and his language is natural and clear, reaching the realm of "clear water out of hibiscus, naturally unadorned". His thought is both Confucianism's positive spirit of entering the world and Taoism's free and unrestrained feeling, mixed with the idea of chivalry. Li Bai's poems include more than 900 surviving poems, including the Li Taibai Collection. On the picture, Li Bai, dressed in white, stands alone by the riverside, gazing at the fading shadow of a solitary sail, transcendent and ethereal, seemingly brewing a poem.

Du Fu (712---770), the character Zimei, a native of Gong County, Henan Province, was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. He was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. In his early years, he traveled all over the world. He served as a minister of the Ministry of Public Works, and was therefore known as "Du Gongbu". Du Fu's life was full of troubles and hardships, and he lived in extreme poverty in his later years. Most of Du Fu's poems reflect the plight of the lower class people. His poems express his personal feelings, often closely related to the current problems, deep thoughts, broad realm, strong social relevance, y reflecting the characteristics of the times, later known as "Poetry History". In his poetry, Du Fu's art was based on his predecessors, and he blended the strengths of many, forming a unique style of melancholy and staccato. There are more than 1,400 poems by Du Fu in existence today, among which "Spring Hope", "Northern Expedition", "Lillian's Journey", "Three Officials" ("Tongguan Officials", "Xin'an Officials", "Shitengulin Officials"), and "Three Farewells" (Newly Married Farewells, Old Age Farewells, and Farewells without a Home) are the most popular. Du Gongbu's Collected Works. The existing Du Gongbu Collection. In the picture, Du Fu, dressed in simple clothes, sits on the stone of Taihu Lake and is meditating with his brush. The image highlights the portrayal of Du Fu's face and facial wrinkles and eyes. A few wrinkles conceal Du Fu's unfortunate encounter, while his sullen eyes reveal his sadness and feelings for the world.

Han Yu (768---842), the character of Retreat, was a native of Heyang, Henan Province (present-day Meng County, Henan Province, south). Because of his county name Changli, he called himself "Changli Han Yu", and was therefore called Han Changli by later generations. He served as the minister of the Ministry of Justice and the minister of the Ministry of Appointments. He vigorously advocated Confucianism and took the responsibility of inheriting Confucianism and Taoism. He was firmly opposed to Buddhism and Taoism, and opposed to feudalism. In literature, he opposed the parallelism of the Six Dynasties and advocated the restoration of the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties. His writings were majestic, thorough, logical, and full of emotion. He was honored as the first of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties. His poems are unique and original. Mr. Changli's Collected Works is now available. On the picture, Mr. Han Yu is standing with his hands arched, showing his integrity and solemnity.

Liu Zongyuan (773---819), with the character Zihou, was a native of Hedong (present-day Yongji, Shanxi). He was a literary scholar and philosopher of the Tang Dynasty. Liu Zongyuan advocated the Ancient Literature Movement, and his poems and writings were all powerful works reflecting reality. The emergence of allegorical satirical sketches as an independent literary form was an innovation of Liu Zongyuan. The masterpieces, such as The Three Precepts, are short and concise, with far-reaching meanings, sharp language and grim style. Liu Zongyuan's landscape travelogue is particularly outstanding, the writing style is beautiful and fresh, describing the scenery detailed and vivid, extremely poetic. His masterpieces such as "Eight Records of Yongzhou" had a great influence on later generations. Liu Zongyuan is one of the "Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties", and there is a collection of "Liu Hedong" in existence. The picture reflects the image of Liu Zongyuan, who was relegated to the south because of his participation in the innovation movement of Wang Shuwen and others, writing poems by the stream.

Su Shi (1037-1101), known as Zizhan and Dongpo Jushi, was a native of Meishan, Meizhou (present-day Meishan, Sichuan). His father, Su Xun, and brother, Su Zhe, were both famous prose writers. He was a scholar in the second year of Song Renzong's Jiayou reign (1057), and served as a scholar of Hanlin, a minister of instruction, and an official of the Ministry of Rites. He wrote a letter to Wang Anshi about the shortcomings of the new law, and then he was sentenced to imprisonment for writing a poem against the new law, and he was deported. After his death, he was posthumously awarded the posthumous title of Wenzhong (文忠). He was one of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties, and was a literary leader in the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the Eight Great Poets of the Tang and Song dynasties. His writings were unrestrained and his poems were broad in subject matter, fresh and bold, making good use of hyperbole and simile, which made him unique in his style. He was also known as "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji, and had "Dong Po Complete Works" and "Dong Po Lefu".

Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) was a native of Luling, Jizhou (present-day Ji'an, Jiangxi Province). He was known as Yongshu (永叔), Drunken Weng (醉翁), and later as Liuyijushi (六一居士). Song Renzong Tian Sheng eight years (1030) into the bachelor's degree. In the fifth year of Jiayou's reign (1060), he was appointed Deputy Minister of the Central Intelligence Bureau. In the following year, he was appointed Counselor of Political Affairs. Later, he served as Minister of Justice and Minister of War. Xining four years (1071) in June, the identity of the Crown Prince, resigned, living in Yingzhou. He died posthumously.

Ouyang Xiu's life was full of books, and he won the world by his writings. He was well versed in literature and history, with deep attainments, and contributed to the reform of the Song literary style, and was ranked as one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song dynasties. Ouyang Xiu is also very successful in history, compiled the "Five Dynasties History" ("New History of the Five Dynasties"), and with Song Qi, etc. to repair the "Book of Tang" ("New Book of Tang"). Ouyang Xiu calligraphy is also known in the world, its calligraphy by Yan Zhenqing deeper influence, Zhu Xi said: "Ouyang Gong made word as its people, outside if you swim, in the real strong." The master of prose was also a master of jinshi. The prose master is also a goldstone collection of pioneers, editing and organizing thousands of volumes of goldstone remains, and written into the "collection of the end of the trek" 10 volumes of more than 400, referred to as the "collection of the ancient records". Among them, there are more than twenty pieces of gold trekking, and most of the others are stone trekking. This is the earliest surviving work of jinshi.

Sima Guang (1019-1086), the word Junshi, Shaanzhou Xiaxian (now belongs to Shanxi) Blossom Township people, known as Mr. Blossom. He was a scholar in the first year of Song Renzong's Bao Yuan Yuan (1038). At the end of Song Renzong's reign, Mr. Blossom was appointed as a lecturer at the admonition center. In 1070, he was sent to Yongxingjun (present-day Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province) in the third year of Xining because of his opposition to Wang Anshi's reforms. In the following year, he retired to Luoyang and spent 15 years editing the Ziji Tongjian. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Emperor Zhezong was crowned, and the Empress Dowager Gao called him to the capital to preside over the affairs of state, and in the following year he was appointed as the Left Servant of the Minister of the Shangshu (尚书左仆射) and the Servant of the Gate (门下侍郎), and abolished the Wang Anshi's new law and restored the old system. He died after 8 months of illness, and was awarded the posthumous title of Duke of Wen, posthumous title of Wenzheng. He was a famous historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, he edited the "Ziji Tongjian", is a chronicle of the general history, starting from the twenty-third year of King Wei Lie of the Zhou Dynasty (403), and ending at the sixth year of Emperor Xian De of the latter Zhou Dynasty (959), the whole book **** 294 four volumes, and there are also the "Catalog", "Kaoyi" 30 volumes each. From a variety of history, history, biographies, collections, genealogies, etc. more than 200 kinds, after the author processing cut and become. The book language is concise and fluent, the narrative is clear and rigorous, some chapters have high literary value, such as the "Battle of Red Cliffs", "Battle of the Interfluve" and so on. There is "Sima Wenzheng Gong Collection".

Lu You (1125-1210), the word of service to the view, the number of release, the Southern Song Dynasty, Shanyin people. 12 years old that is able to poetry and literature, a lifetime of rich writings, there are "Jiannan Poetry Draft", "Weinan Wenji" dozens of surviving. Lu You had various literary talents, especially in poetry. He said that he had written ten thousand poems in sixty years, and more than nine thousand three hundred poems still exist today. Many of these poems express the heroic feeling of fighting against gold and killing the enemy and the hatred of the enemy and traitors, the style is majestic and exuberant, somber and tragic, overflowing with strong patriotism, and he has made outstanding achievements in thought and art, and he has been called "Little Li Bai" before he was born, and he has not only become the leader of the poetry world in the generation of the Southern Song Dynasty but also enjoys a high status in the history of Chinese literature. He not only became the leader of the poetry world in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a high position in the history of Chinese literature.

Yuan Mei (1716-1797) was a poet and poetic commentator of the Qing Dynasty. He was a native of Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Yuan Mei was one of the representative poets of the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, and together with Zhao Yi and Jiang Shiquan, he was known as the "Three Great Poets of the Qianlong Period". In the fourth year of the Qianlong period (739), Yuan Mei was awarded the title of "common scholar of the Hanlin Academy". Qianlong seven years outside as an official, served as Jiangning, Shangyuan and other local governor, good political reputation, very much when the Governor Yin Jishan's appreciation. Thirty-three years old, his father died, resigned to support his mother, in Jiangning (Nanjing) to buy Sui's abandoned garden, renamed Sui-Yuan, built a room and settled, known as Mr. Sui-Yuan. Since then, he lived here for nearly 50 years, engaged in poetry and literature, compiled poems to discover talents, and rewarded and promoted the latecomers, which was a tradition in the poetry world at that time. Yuan Mei was 24 years old when he took the imperial examination, and the test question was "I want to think of Yoke because of the wind", in which there is a wonderful line "the sound is suspected to come to the forbidden courtyard, and the people seem to be separated from the river in the sky", however, the presidents thought that "the words involved are not dignified, and will be put in Sunshan", fortunately, the governor at that time, Yin Jishen, stood up for himself, and was saved from falling from the list. The first time I saw this was when I was a student at the University of California at Berkeley.

Poetry and literature has "small warehouse mountain room collection" volume. Poetry: 16 volumes of Suiyuan poems, 10 volumes of supplements, 24 volumes of Zi Buyan and 10 volumes of sequels. More than 30 kinds of shakuji and shuibu. The masterpiece of prose, Offering Sister Wen, is so mournful and sincere that it has been passed down for a long time, and ancient literature theorists have mentioned it alongside Han Yu's Offering Twelve Lang Wen of the Tang Dynasty.