What are the artistic characteristics of Huizhou architecture

Summary: Hui architecture set Huizhou mountains and rivers of the spirit of the scenery, integration of customs and culture of the essence of the unique style, structural rigor, carving exquisite, whether it is the conception of village and town planning, or the plane and space processing, the comprehensive use of architectural carving art are fully embodied in the distinctive local characteristics. So what are the architectural features of Huizhou architecture? The following article will introduce the architectural features of Huizhou school of architecture in detail, now and Xiaobian come to understand the artistic characteristics of Huizhou school of architecture it! Huizhou architecture is one of the most important schools of Chinese ancient architecture, its craft characteristics and modeling style is mainly reflected in the residential, ancestral temples, pagodas and gardens and other architectural objects. It set Huizhou mountains and rivers of the spirit of the scenery, integration of customs and culture of the essence of the unique style, structural rigor, carving exquisite, whether it is the conception of village and town planning, or the plane and space treatment, the comprehensive use of architectural carving art are fully embodied in the distinctive local characteristics. Especially the most typical residential houses, ancestral halls and pagodas, known as the "three best ancient buildings in Huizhou", for the Chinese and foreign architectural circles to pay attention to and admire. It is in the overall layout, according to the mountain on the terrain, well conceived, natural and appropriate; in the plane layout on the scale of flexible, ever-changing; in the spatial structure and the use of the rich modeling, pay attention to the rhythm of beauty, in order to the horse-head wall, the most distinctive small tiles; in the comprehensive use of architectural carving art, the integration of stone carvings, wood carvings, brick carvings as a whole, appearing opulent and magnificent.

Because of the literary style is quite prevalent, the local residents "in the learning, behavior to business." Ming and Qing dynasties, Hui merchants dominate the business community for two or three hundred years. Ming "five miscellaneous chopping block" cloud: "the merchants of the male, Jiangnan first push Huizhou, Jiangbei push right (Shanxi)." After the middle of the Ming Dynasty with the rise of Huizhou state, a number of capital of 100,000, millionaire merchants continue to emerge, the Qing Dynasty monopoly salt business Huizhou merchants can be rich enough to receive the Qing Emperor Kang Xi, Qian down the southern patrol. Coupled with the Huizhou merchants and good Confucian, widely socialized officials, scribes, some of them have a good cultural literacy, Huizhou merchants are officials, Jia, Confucian trinity. Thus, a large number of bureaucrats, some of them became prominent in the dynasty, they honor their ancestors, show off the countryside, in addition to the purchase of land, most of them for luxury consumption, large-scale construction, building luxury homes, gardens, academies, shrines, schools and so on. These ancient buildings have unique styles, reasonable layouts, exquisite decorations, natural changes, and local flavor. In addition, Huizhou is rich in wood, folk carving, painting tradition, brick, wood, stone carvings are unique, thus forming quite local characteristics of the building, known as: "China's architectural art of a large faction - Huizhou school of architecture."

I. Horse-head wall

Horse-head wall is an important feature of Huizhou architecture. In the gathering of the village, residential building density, not conducive to fire prevention contradictions are more prominent, and high horse head wall, can be in the case of neighboring homes in the event of a fire, play a role in isolating the source of the fire, so the horse head wall is also known as the sealing of the fire wall. Horse, in many animals, can be called a kind of good luck, the ancient Chinese "a horse when the first, horse to success, sweat and horses," and so on idioms, showing people's worship and love of horses. This may be the ancient Huizhou architectural designers why this fire wall, called "horse head wall" motivation.

The "horse's head" of the horse head wall is usually "golden seal type" or "imperial tablet", which shows the master's pursuit of the ideal of "studying to be an official". "The pursuit of this ideal. Tall closed wall, because the design of the horse head wall and appear to be staggered, that static, dull wall, because of the horse head wall, thus revealing a dynamic sense of beauty. And from a high place to look up, living in the village, high and low undulating horse-head wall, give people a visual sense of "ten thousand horses galloping" dynamic, but also a metaphor for the whole clan is alive and well, prosperous and developed.

Two, enclosed courtyard, courtyard

Courtyard is the main form of expression of Chinese architecture for thousands of years, in the form of housing enclosure, loaded with Chinese ideological concepts and aesthetic taste, this inwardly closed and warm and comfortable courtyard space, once nourished and cultivated generations of Chinese temperament and character, so that it has become the most common traditional way of life. In terms of use, the courtyard space embraces almost the entire life content of the home. What attracts people to courtyard houses is the humanistic spirit hidden behind the architectural form.

Enclosure, not only refers to the physical protection, but also the establishment of the relationship between people, enclosure to form an independent and complete local space and feel a sense of security and a sense of belonging. Enclosure is also bound to form a large spacing, not only to ensure the distance of the residents' private space, but also to remove the security and additional closed feeling, contributing to air circulation, creating a good local climate conditions. Enclosure weak space, people in such an environment, almost no sense of cohesion and presence.

Three, vermilion door, hollowed out windows

Simple high will give people a depressing feeling, so in the enclosure and often hollowed out carved windows, often magpies, a metaphor for the cold end of the spring news, both at home, his wife and children's aspirations, but also for the blessing of family members in the outside world. Window carving pattern more harmonies and metaphors, such as carving the Buddha's hand, the peach alludes to the "blessing and longevity full", such as in the carving of the vase and then carve on the moonflower pattern refers to the "four seasons of peace", such as the vase inserted is the "four seasons as you wish! ", such as carving horses and monkeys, the harmonic "immediately marquis" sound, bat hanging upside down means "blessed to", there are a lot of abstract various dragon patterns, the dragon symbolizes the kingship, carving the dragon is expected to family career success, do not dare to carve too obvious is to Distinguish between the people and the royal difference it! There is a Xu's residential window lattice carved on the "Eight Immortals Figure", the Eight Immortals Figure does not have eight characters appear, but the performance of the eight Immortals of the magic weapon, with the use of borrowed objects to imply that the Eight Immortals, is the so-called "dark Eight Immortals". These patterns not only play a decorative and beautifying role, but also has the function of lighting and ventilation, dustproof and space division. The contrast between the virtual and the real is highly re-created.

Vermilion, also known as Chinese red, is one of the red colors, between red and orange, is an opaque color made of vermilion, because the main color used in palace decoration is golden yellow and vermilion, so vermilion indicates nobility and authority, vermilion door symbolizes solemnity.

Four, stone carving, wood carving, brick carving (Huizhou three tones)

Stone carving, brick carving, wood carving is the ancient Huizhou architecture of the "three carvings". Huizhou wood carving, stone carving, brick carving art is good at dealing with the raw material color, can dissolve in the building as a whole, but also like ink painting, fresh and elegant, especially wood carving art, more antique buildings.

Carved on the brick figures, landscapes, flowers and other patterns, is a very important form of art in the carving of ancient architecture, mainly used to decorate the temple tower, tombs, houses and other building components and walls. Powder wall decorated with brick carvings, stone carvings of flowers and windows, or put a long stone table, stone benches, embellished with vignettes, so that the building, landscape, flowers and trees into one, the courtyard is small, quite a garden interest, reflecting the organic function of the building, but the stone carvings, brick carvings are confined to the material is hard, and did not see the subtlety of the place; common Huizhou wood carvings of the combination of different categories of things such as figures, flowers and birds, landscapes, eight treasures Bogu, geometries, etc. **** place A picture, the primary and secondary, each playing a role in each, appears to be a strong folk flavor, decorative.

Whether brick, stone or wood carvings, although residential and attached to the building parts, such as brick carvings in the door cover, the patio around the landscape, birds and flowers of the stone carvings, or under the window panels, eaves, sparrow for the eaves, floor railings with thematic wood carvings, but they are all an independent painting, a complete and independent work of art.

Fifth, the sloping roof

In China, the sloping roof is almost synonymous with traditional architecture, in traditional architecture occupies a pivotal position in the traditional sloping roof modeling design, will make the palace, temples and other palaces produce a majestic, upright, high and lofty, flying and floating unique rhythms, but also will make the residential buildings to produce a cordial, natural and cozy feeling.

Slope roof has many advantages, such as energy saving, summer heat in the top, but not feel the cold indoor winter. Because the heat is running upward, the sloping roof can gather heat in the two slopes of the cross position; wind is also running upward, because the wind will be through the lower part of the window to the top of the sloping window polymerization (in fact, and outdoor wind flow polymerization), so that the indoor ventilation will also be better; do not accumulate water, waterproof performance is good.

Six, flying eaves

China's unique architectural structure, it is the ancient Chinese architecture in the eaves of a special treatment and creation, commonly used in pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions, palaces, temples, the corner of the roof. Flying eaves is its eaves upward, shaped like a flying bird wings, light and lively, is one of the important manifestations of the national style of Chinese architecture, China's traditional architectural form of eaves, eaves, especially the eaves of the corner of the roof upward. Flying eaves design clever composition, beautifully modeled roof to give people a pleasing artistic enjoyment. Flying eaves are often carved to avoid evil spirits and pray for blessings on the beast, like a unicorn, like a flying crane, some people like the beast, some people like the auspicious clouds, or a lively carp, on behalf of the pro-water living in the water culture.

Seven, courtyard

The planning and layout of the courtyard architecture to the north-south axis of symmetrical arrangement and closed independent courtyard as the basic features. It forms a social network system with family courtyard as the center, neighborhood as the trunk and community territory as the plane, and at the same time, it also forms a living environment that conforms to human psychology and maintains the traditional culture and neighborly rapport.

The siheyuan adopts the architectural style of the old Beijing siheyuan, which emphasizes the privacy of the living space. Most of the residential buildings in China are inner courtyard houses, but there are differences between the south and the north. The courtyard in many areas of the south, the four sides of the houses are mostly buildings, and in the courtyard of the four corners of the houses are connected, southeast, northwest and north side of the houses do not exist independently, in the buildings under the enclosure of the southern residential courtyard is generally smaller, known as the "patio"; and the north of the courtyard is wide and spacious and comfortable, the four sides of the houses are independent, and there are corridors connecting each other, and there are corridors connecting each other. There are corridors connecting each other to facilitate living.

Eight, brick, Daiwa or pink wall

"Pink wall Daiwa" that is, snow-white walls, green and black tiles, used to describe the house. Architectural color, Jiangnan residential brick, pink walls, Daiwa, the formation of rustic, elegant style, roof is green tile, brick exterior walls, roof, eaves, hollow bucket wall, Guanyin Dui ridge or horse head wall, forming a staggered rhythm of the form and the rhythm of the pink wall, Daiwa, the courtyard of the deep architectural group style.

The general appearance of the Jiangnan water town houses is: bungalows and buildings mixed, various kinds of walls, the formation of alleys and water lanes and barges on the kind of undulating, staggered landscape, architectural modeling light and simple, virtual and real, color and elegant, according to the local conditions, near the river and the water, the spatial contours of the soft and rich in a sense of aesthetics, and is therefore often referred to as the "whitewashed walls", "small tiles", "small walls and tiles", "small tiles", "small walls and tiles", "small tiles", "small walls and tiles", "small walls and tiles". Therefore, it is often referred to as the "pink walls and tiles" and "small bridges and flowing homes".