Key day of dairy cow feeding management, dairy cow management technology

The weight of uterine contents (fetus, placenta and uterine body) increased sharply 30 days before delivery, and the metabolic intensity of pregnant cows was high. At the same time, pregnant cows will have a series of physiological changes due to the approach of delivery, and the requirements for nutrients will increase in preparation for lactation. The dry matter in the diet should be 3% of the weight of pregnant cows, and the crude protein content should be increased by 30% compared with the maintenance requirement. The calcium content is 80-90g, and the phosphorus content is 35-40g.

1. Concentrate formula: The average crude protein content of dairy cows in China is generally 5%-8%, and the concentrate formula for dairy cows weighing 6OO-65O kg and 5OO-55O kg after dry milk is 52% corn, 34% bean cake, l3% bran and 44% corn, 48% bean cake and 7% bran, and both salt and sodium bicarbonate are acceptable.

2. Diet composition: Dairy cows weighing 600-650kg and 500-550kg are fed with 3 kg of concentrated feed, 3-3.5kg of Leymus chinensis, 0/8kg of silage corn, 3kg of concentrated feed, 2.5-3kg of Leymus chinensis and 0/7kg of silage corn in the later stage of dry milk.

83mg of copper sulfate, 57l of zinc sulfate, 6. 1 mg of cobalt chloride, 2.6mg of calcium iodate and 2.6mg of sodium selenite are added to each kilogram of dry dairy ingredients, and international units of vitamin al6OO, vitamin d4OOO and vitamin e7O are added to each kilogram of dry matter.

According to comprehensive calculation, each cow can effectively prevent postpartum paralysis by taking no less than 20g of calcium every day.

3. Feeding technology: In order to prevent abomasum from shifting, the reasonable length of hay in the diet is 2-3 cm.

In recent years, experiments at home and abroad show that if the total nutritional level of dry grandma cattle is improved on the basis of maintenance, the average daily gain of dry milk can be maintained at 0.35-0.5 kg when 3- 15 kg standard milk is produced and fed with compound diet, which has obvious effects on exerting the genetic potential of milk yield of the next fetus and preventing nutritional and metabolic diseases, such as ketosis, digestive dysfunction, abomasum displacement and rumen dyskeratosis.

Skilled workers should be specially assigned to take charge of management, and pay attention to the nutritional status and breast changes of dairy cows.

Determine and adjust the feeding level according to the nutritional status and obvious breast swelling. The delivery room should be dry, clean, warm, soft and digestible.

Second, 70 days after delivery.

50% of the milk yield is produced within 120 days after delivery in the lactation process of dairy cows 70 days after delivery.

Postpartum breasts gradually become soft, prolactin secretion in the body gradually increases, breast function is increasingly vigorous, milk production increases, appetite is normal, and food intake increases.

It is generally believed that the peak of milk production is 6-8 weeks after delivery, while the peak of eating is about 1 1- 12 weeks after delivery, and the two peaks are separated by 4-5 weeks.

At the same time, it is necessary to breed in time during this period. Because of the large consumption, the weight loss is obvious. Therefore, feeding management should be strict to ensure milk production, reduce weightlessness and get pregnant in time.

1. Concentrate formula: corn 45%, cooked bean cake (flour) 19%, high protein corn 18%, bran 10%, fish meal (or yeast feed) 5%, bone meal1.7.

2. Diet composition: lactating cows 0-30 days after delivery are fed with 6.5 kg of concentrate, 8 kg of brewer's grains, 0/5 kg of silage corn and 4.5 kg of hay (Leymus chinensis) every day. The ratio of concentrated feed to roughage (calculated by dry matter) is about 55:45 or 4O:6O.

When there is too much concentrate in the diet of lactating cows, and its crude fiber only accounts for l3%-l4%, in order to maintain the normal environment and digestive function of rumen and prevent the abomasum from flaccidity and the decrease of milk fat content, magnesium oxide and sodium bicarbonate buffer should be added. The dosage of sodium bicarbonate is 1%- 1.5% of the concentrate, and magnesium oxide is 0.5%-0.8% of the concentrate. The application results show that the milk fat rate can be increased by 0.4%-0.5%.

3. Feeding methods: ① Traditional feeding methods. After calving, let the cows freely eat high-quality hay and try to avoid feeding too much silage corn. Observe the eating situation after feeding. If there is no leftover, and you eat a lot of hay, your spirit, defecation and rumination are normal, and your milk volume increases, you can add one kilogram of concentrate of O.5 every day. Eat roughage less, eat too slowly, have a bad appetite, and you can't feed leftovers. Feed concentrated feed three times a day. Generally, the feeding amount should not exceed 3kg each time, and it should be mixed with roughage before feeding. The amount of concentrated feed should be controlled at 3 kg of conventional milk 1 kg. In order to guide the production, the milk yield should be measured every 3 days, and the milk fat rate should be measured every 10 days. ② Feeding method of complete diet (complete mixed diet). Firstly, according to the milk yield, milk fat rate, weight and other factors in early lactation, the nutritional components needed by dairy cows are calculated, and then the corresponding dietary nutritional level and the total amount to be adjusted are calculated to determine the feed formula. Then the chopped coarse feed, concentrated feed, cypress feed, buffer, mineral elements and vitamins are evenly mixed, so that cows can freely eat, so that problems such as digestive dysfunction, gastric acidosis, overeating and the like generally do not occur, but will increase.