These six articles have to be read to improve the sentence writing ability of the third grade students in primary school!

(1) Transformation of declarative sentences with Ba sentences and Bei sentences The meaning of declarative sentences is basically the same as that of "Bei" and "Ba" sentences, but the sentence patterns have changed, and the occasions and effects of their use are also different. For example, a big drop of turpentine covered flies and spiders. A big drop of turpentine wrapped flies and spiders. Flies and spiders are completely wrapped in a big drop of turpentine. As can be seen from the above examples, the subject of the ba sentence is the executor of the action, and the subject of the passive sentence is the executor of the action. The concrete method of transformation is to find out two appellations (who or what) in declarative sentences and determine the relationship between the agent and the patient. 2. Ba sentence: In order to emphasize the executor, move the executor (such as a big drop of turpentine) to the beginning of the sentence as the subject, and add the word "Ba" and the executed person to form a Ba sentence. 3. Bei sentence: In order to emphasize the executed person, move the executed person (such as flies and spiders) to the beginning of the sentence as the subject, and then add the word "Bei" and the executor, that is, into a Bei sentence.

(2) Conversion of affirmative sentences and negative sentences It is very simple to turn affirmative sentences into negative sentences, just add negative words before the affirmative sentences. If the affirmative sentence is positive and the negative sentence is negative in mathematics, then the double negation is "negative multiplied by positive", which can not only express the positive meaning, but also strengthen his positive tone, such as "no" and "no". For example, many foreign scientists are amazed at the unparalleled superb art of Qin terracotta warriors. Many foreign scientists have to marvel at the unparalleled superb art of the terracotta warriors. (double negative).

(3) The conversion between declarative sentences and rhetorical questions. Declarative sentences express the ideas to be expressed in a straightforward way without any emotional color. The rhetorical question further emphasizes the meaning of the original sentence through the tone of the rhetorical question. Although rhetorical questions are expressed in the form of interrogative sentences, the sentences themselves contain answers and do not need to be answered. Rhetorical questions are read with strong feelings and high intonation.

In the face of any disaster, the Chinese nation will not shrink back. Will the Chinese nation flinch in the face of any disaster? (rhetorical question) will the Chinese nation shrink back in the face of any disaster? (rhetorical question)

The monitor sat there with an enamel bowl, chewing a few roots and our leftover fishbone. I feel like there are ten thousand steel needles stuck in my throat. Seeing the old monitor sitting there with an enamel bowl, chewing some grass roots and our leftover fishbone, how can I not feel as if there are 10 thousand steel needles stuck in my throat? (rhetorical question)

The method of transforming declarative sentences into rhetorical questions;

1. Change the words expressing affirmation or negation into words expressing negation or affirmation.

2. Add the modal particles "you" and "horse".

3. Change the period in the original sentence into a question mark.

4. In order to strengthen the tone, tone auxiliary words such as "don't" and "how" are usually added. Changing rhetorical questions into declarative sentences is the opposite of changing declarative sentences into rhetorical questions. We should change the affirmative or negative words in rhetorical questions into negative or positive words, remove the modal auxiliary words "you" and "ma", and then change the question mark into a period.

Rhetorical question is a difficult and important point that must be mastered in primary school. In order to make the characters vivid and full of emotions, the rational use of rhetorical questions is one of the key points.

(4) The conversion between direct narrative and indirect narrative. Describing someone's words directly is called direct narration, and changing what someone said to a third party is called indirect narration.

Premier Wen said to the children in the ruins, "I am grandpa. You must hold on to be saved. " (Direct narration) Premier Wen told the children in the ruins that he was grandpa. Let the children persist and be saved. (indirect narrative)

The companion anxiously said to the guide, "You have to do something!" " (Direct narration) The companion anxiously told the guide that he had to do something about it. (Indirect narration) The companion anxiously asked the guide to do something. (indirect narrative)

Comparing the two sentence patterns, we can see that the content expressed by direct narrative and indirect narrative is exactly the same. Just using direct narration to express it can better express the speaker's sense of language and modality at that time and make the characters more concrete and vivid. Writing with indirect narrative, although the meaning of expression is the same, can only be a rational expression, without any emotional reading.

Generally speaking, three changes should be paid attention to when direct narration is changed to indirect narration:

1, punctuation changes. Change the colon indicating direct narration to comma.

People have changed. The first person in direct narrative sentences should be changed to the third person (that is, "I" should be changed to "he" and "we" should be changed to "they").

3. Text changes. You can change a small amount of text.

Principles of changing direct narration into indirect narration;

First, don't change the meaning of the original sentence;

Second, the sentences are fluent and speechless.

If you want to fully express the tone and feelings of the speaker and write vividly, use direct narration; If you only need to express what you are saying, use indirect narration.

(5) the transformation of rhetorical devices. The so-called rhetoric is to make what you say or write vivid and powerful, giving people a vivid and profound impression. The most common figures of speech in primary schools are metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition, duality, rhetorical question and rhetorical question.

We have a good grasp of the distinction between various figures of speech, but there are still some problems in the transformation of figures of speech. Let's discuss this problem below. It's been raining. It's been raining, and I'm singing nice songs happily. Rain, like a broken pearl, never stops. Two friends! China is the mother who gave birth to us. Do you think this mother is cute? I think you and I agree that this mother is quite cute. The difference between metaphor and exaggeration: the object to be compared in a metaphor sentence has nothing to do with the metaphor itself. In exaggerated sentences, the exaggerated thing has some similarities with itself, or in shape, sound or color.

Second, write imitation sentences.

Imitation takes an existing vivid and beautiful paragraph with profound meaning as an example, and requires students to imitate the sentence structure, rhetoric and emotion of the existing sentence, use designated (or unspecified) words or create new independent sentences. What is happiness? The relief soldier said, "Happiness is to rescue the survivors from the ruins." What is happiness? The doctor said, "Happiness is to see the patient's smile after recovery." What is happiness? The teacher said: "Happiness is to sow the seeds of knowledge in the pure heart of children." What is happiness? I said, "Happiness is to swim freely with friends in the blue sky and blue sea."

Basic requirements of imitation:

1, the contents should be coordinated, and the contents of imitation sentences and example sentences should be able to match and connect with each other; Emotional color, positive and negative opposition, philosophy and inspiration should be matched. However, we should pay special attention to the fact that parody and example sentences cannot be the same, and their contents should be: "Let a hundred flowers blossom, each with its own appearance", which should be innovative.

2, the sentence pattern should be unified, that is, the structural form of the sentence. Sentence patterns should be unified, that is, the structure of imitation sentences and example sentences should be consistent. But be careful not to repeat the words. Except for the obvious words * * *, the words used in parody sentences should not be repeated with the example sentences to avoid semantic similarity.

3. The rhetoric should be the same. It means that the rhetorical methods used in parody and example sentences should be basically the same. Carefully examine the questions before copying to see what rhetorical methods or techniques are used.

Third, modify the sick sentences The so-called sick sentences refer to those sentences with faulty language expression, that is, sentences that do not conform to the expression rules of modern Chinese or violate objective things. The purpose of modifying sick sentences is to further practice the integrity of words, use words accurately, have clear and reasonable meanings, and improve their language expression ability, which is an important content of basic Chinese training in primary schools.

(1) Types of ill sentences 1, incomplete components 2, improper use of words 3, improper collocation 4, disordered word order 5, redundancy 6, inconsistency 7, unclear reference 8, improper classification Students can basically master other types of ill sentences, but their grasp of disordered word order is not strong enough.

Thanks to the efforts of the people of the whole country, we got rid of poverty and backwardness. (Incomplete composition) changed to: With the efforts of the people of the whole country, China got rid of poverty and backwardness.

② The building of Erwangmiao was built in memory of Li Bing and his son. The Erwang Temple was built in memory of Li Bing and his son. The Erwang Temple was built in memory of Li Bing and his son. First, understand the sentence and find out the meaning to be expressed. As can be seen from the example, the main meaning is that the Chinese scores of the whole class have improved. Secondly, find out what is wrong with the expression of this sentence. It can be seen from the sick sentences that "universality" can only match "improvement", but not "achievement". Therefore, it belongs to the disorder of word order, and "universality" should be placed in "improvement"

(2) Modify the basic principles of sick sentences. Grasp the meaning of the sentence, modify it sparingly and skillfully, and keep the meaning of the original sentence as much as possible. Try to correct the whole sentence properly and avoid correcting mistakes with mistakes.

1, targeted. Simply put, if there is something wrong, just change it; What kind of fault it is, just correct it in the corresponding way. Therefore, we must be clear about the types of various ill sentences and make corrections according to the causes of language diseases.

2. Keep the original meaning of the sentence. When correcting sick sentences, we should try our best to analyze and grasp their original meaning; On the premise of retaining the original intention as much as possible, modify and adjust the wrong places as appropriate. Don't go against your original intention, start a new stove, choose another sentence instead of the original sentence according to your own wishes, or add branches and leaves to carve the sentence.

3, using a variety of methods to modify. Every ill sentence can be modified in many different ways. As for which method is more suitable for modification, it depends on the type of the sick sentence itself, the need for expression and the specific context.

4. The change is very small. If it can be modified by adjusting the word order, try not to add or delete words. Change one place, you can never change two places. When modifying ill sentences, we should pay attention to the conciseness of sentence meaning and try to keep the sentence pattern or the speaker's object consistent.

(3) Methods of modifying sick sentences 1. First, you must read the sentence; 2. Then check the original sentence to find out what is wrong with the meaning expression of the sentence; 3, according to the meaning of the sentence "suit the remedy to the case" modification: add (incomplete components) delete (redundant) change (improper use of words) Jane (modification should be short) tone (do not match, do not care)

Fourth, the expansion and contraction of sentences.

(1) Sentence expansion means adding branches and leaves to a sentence, that is, expanding a sentence with only basic meaning and simple expression, and adding some decorative and restrictive words to it to make the meaning of the sentence more concrete, vivid and vivid. The basic steps of sentence expansion: first, find out the main vocabulary of the sentence, and add appropriate modifications and restrictions before the main vocabulary of the sentence. You can also grasp the main vocabulary of the sentence and ask some questions yourself. If you answer these questions, you are expanding this sentence.

The old monitor went fishing. The skinny old monitor was fishing by the pond on the grass. The meaning of this sentence is not specific. If you add modification restrictions, the ingredients will be fully expressed. Methods: Ask questions first, what kind of old monitor? Where is it? How to fish? Then fill in the right words, which is the process of expanding sentences.

I watched this scene. I just looked at this touching scene. (Extended sentence)

Notes on sentence expansion: 1. Extended sentences can't add extra trunk, for example, the subject "I" can't be changed to "we" or "me and so-and-so". 2. The basic meaning and sentence pattern of the original sentence cannot be changed. 3. The added words should match the words in the original sentence properly.

(2) Abbreviation is to remove the branches and leaves in a sentence, that is, to remove the words that modify and restrict a concrete and vivid sentence, and to retain the most basic components of the sentence.

The basic steps of abbreviation:

1. First divide the sentence into "who", "what" or "what" and "how".

2. Find out the main words in each part.

3. Find "de, de, de", remove "de, de" and the words before, and remove "de" and the words after.

4. Finally, remove the modifiers and restrictive words and connect the main words into complete sentences.

I often think of my first teacher with deep gratitude. I miss the first batch of teachers. Analysis: According to the steps of abbreviation, you can first divide the sentence into "who" and "what", then find the main words of each part, remove the modifiers, and then connect the main words.

Dujiangyan is a levee built by Li Bing and his son on the Minjiang River more than two thousand years ago. Dujiangyan is a levee. (abbreviation)

My companion and I walked slowly on the beach with our heads down. My companion and I walked forward. (abbreviation)

④ The hybrid rice cultivated by this "contemporary Shennong" is China's "fifth greatest contribution" to mankind after the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and movable type printing. Hybrid rice is the "fifth contribution". (abbreviation)

Precautions for abbreviations:

1, the basic meaning of the original sentence cannot be changed, the sentence should be complete and the sentence pattern should remain unchanged.

2. Delete the modified and restricted words immediately.

3. The negative words in negative sentences should be kept, and the words expressing doubts in interrogative sentences should be kept. The abbreviated sentence can not retain "de, de, de", but can retain "zhe, le, guo".

4. Special words in sentences cannot be deleted. Such as: The First Teacher, The Fifth Contribution, etc.

V. Use of related words

(1) Related words play a related role in the expression of sentences, which makes the meaning of sentences more closely linked, the level clearer and the expression more logical. In primary school, we mainly know and learn to use the following relative words.

1. Commonly used related words in the coordinate relationship: both ... and (again); Again ... again; On the one hand ... on the one hand; During the period of ... while; No ... but; It's a ... number

2. Common related words of progressive relationship: not only ... but also; Not only ... but also; Not only not (not only not) ... On the contrary (on the contrary).

3. Choose related words with common relations: or (or) ... or (or); Really ... or; Also ... or; How about ...; I'd rather ... than.

4. Turning relations are often related words: although (although, although) ... but (but, but).

5. Common related words of causality: because ... so; Due to; Because; Therefore; So; The reason ... is because.

6. Related words of common hypothetical relations: if (if, lie, if, if) ... then (then, then, then); Even (that is, even, even, even) ... still (still, always, still).

7. Related words with common conditions: unless ... only; As long as ... just; It doesn't matter (it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter) ... all (total, return, also)

(2) The common questions in the exam are:

1. Choose the relevant words to fill in the blanks. Although ... but ... even ... not only ... but also ... only ...

We should not only learn well in class, but also read more extracurricular books and newspapers to broaden our horizons and increase our knowledge.

I have met many scholars. Although they are solemn and noble, they seem to know everything, but what they teach me is far less than that of primary school teachers.

No matter how difficult it is, we should finish it on time.

Analysis: first look at the meaning of each sentence and see what kind of relationship it belongs to, and then fill in the related words of this relationship in brackets, which have the same meaning. If example ① is progressive, it should be filled in (not only that). Example ② is transitional, it should be filled in (although

2. Combine two sentences in the following groups into one sentence with appropriate related words.

Lu Xun is a great writer. Lu Xun is a great thinker and revolutionary. Lu Xun is not only a great writer, but also a great thinker and revolutionary. (Progressive relationship)

I often visit the bird's nest of Bluebird. I never steal eggs or destroy nests. Although I often go to the bluebird's nest, I never steal eggs or destroy the nest. (turning relationship)

Analysis: read the meaning of each sentence first to see what kind of relationship it belongs to, and then add the related words of this relationship in the appropriate position. When adding, change the period after the first sentence into a comma, remove the person generation of the next sentence, and add a period at the end, so that the meaning of the sentence remains the same.

3. Write a sentence with related words of different relationships. You love your students, and they love you. If you love students, they love you. Because you love students, and students love you. As long as you love students, they will love you. (Conditional relation) Analysis: Read the meaning of the sentence first, and then add related words with different relations to the sentence. Pay attention to the fluency of the sentence after the change, and the meaning remains basically the same.

(3) Matters needing attention of related words:

1, related words usually appear in pairs, and only a few are used alone. (such as "but", "moreover", "therefore" and so on. )

2. Most related words have certain collocation habits and cannot be combined arbitrarily.

3. Related words play a connecting role, and two sentences can be combined into one sentence.

Six, conjunctions into sentences

The so-called "linking words into sentences" is to arrange chaotic words into a smooth sentence.

Syntactic conjunctions: first read through the words, analyze the part of speech, make conjunctions into sentences, and finally check the sentences.

Example (1) Flash Time Sigh Shadow Time in Sigh Flash Shadow. (Conjunction into sentence)

I looked at my little sister and sister, and I looked at my little sister and sister and smiled. My little sister and sister looked at me and smiled. My little sister and I looked at my sister and smiled. My sister looked at me and smiled at my little sister. (Conjunction into sentence)

My home is near the city library. The city library is near my home. (change word order)

Matters needing attention in conjunction sentence-making:

1, read the meaning, can't add or subtract words.

2. The sentence is fluent, the structure is complete, and punctuation marks are used at the end of the sentence.

Putting words in different positions can express different meanings, for example.

4. When changing the word order, the meaning of the sentence cannot be changed, as in Example ③.

In short, learning to write sentences as required is the basis for senior primary school students to correctly understand sentences and read articles. Bruner, an American educator, once said: "Learning is an active process, and the intrinsic stimulation of students' learning is their interest in the materials they have learned, that is, the intrinsic motivation mainly comes from the learning activities themselves. "Therefore, students should stimulate their interest in sentence transformation through various forms of training, so that they can correctly understand sentences and lay the foundation for writing good articles in the future.

Attachment: Basic knowledge of Chinese in primary schools-punctuation marks

Punctuation marks commonly used in primary schools: (16 kinds) comma, period. Question mark? Exclamation mark! Colon: semicolon; Double quotation marks ""pause, brackets () dash-ellipsis ... title bullet. Hyphenation (-) Proper Name (-)

Basic concepts and usage:

1, comma: indicates a general pause in a sentence.

2. period: used for the last pause of a complete sentence.

3. Question mark: indicates the pause and tone at the end of the question.

4. exclamation point: pause and tone at the end of the sentence, used to express strong feelings.

5. Colon: indicates a pause after suggestive speech.

6. Semicolon: indicates that the pause is generally greater than the comma and less than the pause, and there is a big pause between complex sentences.

7. Double quotation marks: it means that the words of others, books, characters, etc. are directly quoted in the text.

8. Pause symbol: indicates the pause between juxtaposed words in a sentence.

9. Brackets: indicate comments in the text.

10, dash: indicates various contexts, modalities and grammatical meanings.

1 1, ellipsis: indicates the content omitted for various reasons, so as to achieve the purpose of convenient narration.

12. Title: indicates the title, article title, newspaper name, file name, drama name, picture name, etc.

13, key points: words that are particularly important in the text and need attention.

14. Interval number: indicates the boundary between time, nationality, title and name.

15, connection number: punctuation marks indicating the beginning and end of time, place, numbers, etc.

16, proper name: indicates a person's name, place name, country name, etc.