The four great ancient capitals of China, which cities do they refer to?

The four major ancient capitals of China are:?

1, Xi'an: (history has been the Western Zhou, Qin, Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty, Xinmang, Zhao, the former Qin, the former Qin, after the Qin, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang and so on more than a dozen dynasties in the capital, for the capital of time for more than 1,000 years, especially strong Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang as the capital of, and more increase its strong cultural atmosphere, known as the "thirteen dynasties of the ancient capital.)

2, Nanjing: (the history of the Eastern Wu, Eastern Jin and the Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other six dynasties had built the capital here (so generally called Nanjing, "the ancient capital of the six dynasties"); the Southern Tang Dynasty, Ming (Hongwu), Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the Kuomintang government had also built the capital here.) ?

3, Beijing: (Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were the ruling center of the northern vassal states of the Western Zhou Dynasty, respectively, Thistle and Yan. Historical Beijing was the companion capital of Liao (then called Nanjing, also known as Yanjing) and the capital of the Jin Dynasty. In 1267, the Mongol leader Kublai established the Yuan Dynasty in Beijing, the largest in Chinese history, and Beijing became the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, which the Italian traveler Marco Polo described in his travels as "unparalleled in the world". From then on, Beijing replaced Chang'an, Luoyang, Bianliang and other ancient capitals as the political center of China, and continued to be the political, economic and cultural center of China until the Ming and Qing dynasties.) ?

4, Luoyang: (from the twenty-first century BC China's first dynasty - the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, there have been 13 large and small dynasties in this capital, generally referred to as the "ancient capital of the nine dynasties". Since ancient times, the city has been a gathering place for scholars and poets, which is why it is known as the "Poetry Capital", and the peonies are full of fragrance, which is why it is also known as the "Flower Capital". Luoyang is also the cradle of Chinese culture, and the culture of the river Luo represented by the "Hetu Luoshu" is the source of Chinese civilization.)

Expanded Information:

Conditions for choosing the location of the capitals of China's successive dynasties were that there was an adequate water source to Meet the water needs of production and life; regional economic prosperity, convenient transportation, so more located in the plains, basins; with the geographic advantages of defense and attack, such as Xi'an, "four passes arching, floating Wei according to the Jing, the Golden City, thousands of miles, the country of the sky," the sheng, Nanjing, "the dragons and the tigers are entrenched "of the situation," Luoyang has "mountains and rivers arch Dai, the situation in the world" of the name, Beijing has a "back mountains with the sea" of the shape of the victory and so on. China's ancient capital city construction have a thorough overall planning and construction law, its main content can be summarized as follows: "is the night and day", "water to the county", the Son of God's country should be "square nine miles", "next to the three gates", "the three gates", "the three gates", "the three gates", "the three gates", "the three gates", "the three gates". "next to the three gates", "there are ditches and trees of the solid", "before and after the city", "left ancestral right community", "nine warp and nine weft". "nine warps and nine wefts", "nine tracks of the Jing Tu", "the city towards a husband", "the king's palace door a five pheasants" and so on.

This series of requirements is in the history of our country has long played an important role in the "ritual" embodiment. According to these requirements of the construction of the capital city, generally has a square and rigorous, left and right symmetry, checkerboard layout and other characteristics. The emperor lived in the palace, far away from the city, quiet, safe, and enough to reflect the dignity of the emperor and the world's desire for unity. Commercial concentration, to facilitate trade; people living in alleys, both quiet, but also to facilitate the management of law and order. Such as the ancient city of Beijing, the center of a solemn, straight axis, the axis on both sides of the symmetrical blocks, the city of the middle of the Forbidden City palace complex with layers and layers.

The whole Beijing is like a complete and coordinated work of art, with a strict structure, a clear hierarchy, a well-organized layout, a well-proportioned design, a checkerboard neighborhood that is exceptionally ancient, complete and coordinated, and a large number of convenient and comfortable traditional residential courtyards and quiet, beautiful and cohesive hutongs with an ancient history. This ancient capital of Beijing has been described by Danish urban planner S. E. R. Hewson as "one of the wonders of the world, a monument of excellence, the pinnacle of a great civilization." American urbanist E. Beacom called it "the greatest individual project of mankind on the face of the earth.

References:

Baidu Wikipedia - Ancient Capitals of China

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