What are the forms of teaching organization?

Individual teaching system is the oldest form of teaching organization, with students and individual teaching content as the main link and teachers and individual students as the main link. Sometimes there are a group of students, but their ages and education levels are different. There are no fixed classes, teaching contents and teaching plans, and teaching activities are also relatively casual, such as Confucius' lectures at Xingtan and the teaching activities of the three Greek philosophers. This kind of teaching organization is convenient for teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, but the teaching efficiency is low, which is not conducive to the study of systematic knowledge.

Second, the class teaching system

Class teaching system is the most widely used teaching organization form in the world at present. It is a collective teaching form, with fixed classes divided by age and education level, prescribed teaching content and strict teaching plan guarantee. It has the characteristics of "class", "class" and "time", which is conducive to giving full play to teachers' leading role and collective education role, and has high teaching efficiency, which is conducive to cultivating talents in a large area, but it is not conducive to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and it is easy to ignore individual students and lack them.

A special form of class teaching system-compound teaching: A teacher teaches students of two or more grades at the same time (in a class) and students of different grades in the same class in order to solve the problem of insufficient teachers, and adopts the method of alternating direct teaching and automatic homework.

Auxiliary forms of class teaching system-individual tutoring and on-site teaching: the former is that teachers give individual guidance to different students on the basis of collective teaching, and the latter is to organize students to observe, inspect or actually operate in factories, rural areas and social life sites according to certain teaching tasks, so as to master skills.

Third, group teaching (hierarchical teaching)

Grouping teaching according to ability or achievement belongs to the form of collective teaching, which can be divided into external grouping and internal grouping. External grouping needs to break the traditional form of grouping classes by age and regroup students, such as the shift system; Internal grouping does not need to break the original class, and students are divided into different study groups within the class. Grouping teaching is beneficial to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, but it also has some side effects, such as unscientific grouping, contradiction between home and school, and injury to students' self-esteem.

Two teaching organizational forms of self-study: design teaching method-Ke Qubo, Dalton system-Burke Hurst.

These two forms of teaching organization are opposite to the traditional class teaching system. Design teaching method (unit teaching method) is that under the guidance of teachers, students decide their own learning objectives and contents, and they are responsible for design. Dalton system means that teachers assign self-study bibliography and assign homework for students, students teach themselves and work independently, ask teachers for advice when they have problems, and assign and check learning tasks on a monthly basis.

Because they belong to students' autonomous learning, these two forms can mobilize students' initiative to the greatest extent, but they are not conducive to mastering systematic knowledge and require higher material conditions for students' learning.

V. Trump System (Flexible Course)-Lloyd Trump

This teaching form combines three teaching forms: large class (40%), small class research (20%) and individual teaching (40%). The big class is for all students to attend classes together, and the small class is a teaching material for studying and discussing the big class in groups; Individualized teaching is to let students finish their homework independently. This form has the advantages of both class teaching and individual teaching, but it is more troublesome to manage.

VI. Guidance System (Bell-Lancaster System)-Bell-Lancaster

In order to solve the shortage of teachers, teachers first teach some older or better students in class, and then these students serve as "mentors" to teach a group of students what they have just learned. A tutor is equivalent to a teacher's assistant. The "Mr. Xiao" created by Tao Xingzhi in China is similar to this form, but the difference is that "Mr. Xiao" is taught by students to the people with the aim of literacy.

Seven, Wennaka system-China

This organizational form divides the course into two parts: one is to assign homework according to the subject, with students learning by themselves as the main task, supplemented by individual counseling, and students make plans, record progress, take exams and determine the next goal according to their own conditions; Second, group activities and creative activities are carried out in groups, including manual labor, music, art, sports, business, editing and publishing. And the form is not fixed, in order to cultivate students' social consciousness.

Eight, gray system (double school system, two-part system, group system)-Walter

Taking homework with social nature as the school curriculum, the school is divided into four parts: playground, classroom, factory and shop, auditorium, and the corresponding courses include academic work, science and technology and home economics, group activities, sports and games.

Therefore, the gray school is also known as the "work-study game school"; The teaching adopts the dual system, that is, the whole school students are divided into two parts, one in the classroom and the other in stadiums, libraries, factories, shops and other places. In the afternoon, they switch, cancel the winter and summer vacations and Sundays, and open around the clock.

Nine, Quincy system-Parker

The teaching process takes children as the center and arranges various activities for students; Pay attention to calculation, measurement, painting, manual labor and other courses as well as the interrelationship between disciplines; Replace textbooks with newspapers, magazines and loose-leaf reading materials; Emphasize understanding, oppose mechanical recitation, and attach importance to outdoor observation and laboratory teaching. The Quincy Movement initiated by the Quincy Teaching Method became the beginning of the American Progressive Education Movement.