Dongxiang architecture What are the characteristics of Dongxiang architecture?

Home is a place that many migrant workers can only reach in their dreams. Home is not only a building, but also a place where a small home can see through the cold and warm. The ancient house was just a cave, but now people pay more attention to the structure of the house. So, do you want to know the architectural features of Dongxiang nationality?

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Dongxiang people call their homes quadrangles, which means quadrangles. Most houses in the village are built on mountains. There is a wall more than ten feet high outside the house. There is a clearing inside. Some houses are built on all sides, some are built on three sides, some double-sided houses are horizontally folded to the west during the Southern Dynasties, facing the sun, and some houses are only built in one row, mostly double-sided houses with civil structures. These buildings are all made of clay except doors, windows and purlins.

When building a house, Dongxiang people generally don't pay attention to geomantic omen. However, due to the influence of the Han nationality, the beams were all wrapped in red cloth when the trees were erected. When building a house or building a house, except for a few carpenters, neighbors, relatives and friends at home will help build a wall and build a house. Then when building houses and beams, housewives take out red cloth, gold and silver jewelry and other things, wrap them on beams, and tie them up with bundles of loose hemp. I didn't understand it for a long time after that, so I let it go.

the guest's room usually faces south, and there are three rooms, about eight or nine feet long, one bright and two dark. The upstairs room is better equipped than other rooms. This is the house for the elderly, usually occupied by grandparents. For those from wealthy families, if their elders die, they usually clean their rooms and receive distinguished guests.

Except for the old man who lives in the upper room, all the other family members live under the name of "Joe". This "Joe" is more humble than the last one, with two rooms in the majority. With a large population, "Joe" is divided into single rooms with mud kang. Dongxiang is a mountainous area in the northwest of China. Kang is very hot all the year round. Yao Kang Cave is located outside the house. The fuel is mainly cow, sheep and donkey dung. Some of them also use clean grass clippings and dead leaves as fuel for kang.

it is located in the corner where the upper room of the kitchen connects with Jorge, which is separated from the residence. Besides cooking, the kitchen is usually used as a bathroom. Cow pens and toilets are mostly built in the corner of the door. Some are placed in small stone gardens surrounded by low sheep walls, far away from people's daily living bedrooms. The toilet is behind the house. Three walls form an open pit and then cover it with clay. Some people build another hut as a toilet.

Dongxiang people now mainly live in mud houses and tile houses. In recent years, many buildings have been built in Dongxiang area. Few people live in the original caves now. They are mainly used in livestock pens, feed sheds, water houses, potato pits or farm tools warehouses.

the pattern of tile houses and adobe houses is the same. It's all a house and a yard. Double wooden doors are set in the east or west. The door is inlaid with metal ornaments such as copper rings. The main room faces south. The east wing and the west wing are furnished rooms. Corners are also built on both sides of the main house. The kitchen is located in the northeast corner. The house in the north is the main house, which is called the upper house or the big house locally. The building is solemn and the foundation is higher than the courtyard and other houses. There are ridges and tiles on the roof. The front is made of brick and wood. The corridor is wide and the eaves are beautifully carved. The main room has a door, two windows and three rooms, that is, the door is in the middle and the windows are on both sides of the door.

The red boxes and picture cabinets in the room are dazzling, and Arabic couplets are hung on the walls. There is always a "soup bottle" on the steps under the eaves, so you can wash your hands and face at any time, which is economical and clean. The houses in the east and west are for the younger generation, and the houses in the south are for livestock and feed. Dongxiang people believe that the family is balanced in all aspects, rich in financial resources, prosperous in children and grandchildren, and prosperous in families. The kitchen is self-contained, with a stove and a large plate, which is convenient for pasta.

Mosque

There are two religious buildings in Dongxiang: Mosque and Gongbei. Mosques are usually built in densely populated towns or villages or in the middle of villagers' houses. Building mosques in densely populated areas is not only beneficial to nearby religious activities. It is also conducive to regular observation and arousing sacred religious feelings. At the same time, it shows that mosque is the center of people's social life. The layout of the mosque is generally "three halls in one", that is, the chapel is in the middle, and the water hall and the lecture hall are on both sides.

Among them, the foundation of the church is high and needs to be strengthened. On the opposite side of the gate, there is also a steeple that goes straight into the sky, calling people to worship.

there are two kinds of external buildings in the hall. One is the garden vault. A small spire rises from the vault of the garden, with a new moon, a high and solemn central dome and a new moon on it. The vault of the garden gives people a solemn feeling, while the crescent moon with a small spire gives people a rising momentum.

The other is the traditional palace architecture in China, which shows the majesty of combining religion with politics. The interior of the hall is simple, with no sculptures or paintings. It symbolizes that Islam does not worship idols, but only worships the religion of God. In order to facilitate the pilgrimage to the west, the main hall is from west to east.

Gongbei

Gongbei is a mausoleum built by the old Dongxiang Sect for its leader, and it is also a place where the leaders of various factions preach. Zhang's official residence, Gongbei, has more than a dozen generations of leaders buried there. These tombs are rectangular brick arches, two feet wide and four feet long. The lower part is round, and the back of the tomb is full of bitterness and humility. The cigarettes in Gongbei are slow, solemn and mysterious.

There are also some archways built in high mountains and deep valleys, mostly pavilions of several bungalows. These places are considered as places where people "lie down" and display "carats".

Gongbei is the architectural name of the Islamic Sage Mausoleum in China. Arabic transliteration, originally meaning arched building or dome tomb pavilion. Central Asia, Persia and China Xinjiang are called Madzar, which means saints and tombs of saints. At first, Islamic architecture was very popular in Arabia, Persia and Central Asia. The latter refers to the dome-shaped building built by Sufism on the graves of its chiefs, sons and sages, called Gombe, for people to pay their respects.