What are self-logistics, third-party logistics and fourth-party logistics?

1. Self-operated logistics

Enterprises operate their own logistics, which is called self-operated logistics. Self-supporting logistics is in the embryonic period of e-commerce. At that time, the scale of e-commerce enterprises was not large, and enterprises engaged in e-commerce mostly chose self-supporting logistics. Enterprise self-supporting logistics mode means that e-commerce enterprises set up their own logistics distribution system to manage the whole logistics operation process of enterprises.

2. Logistics alliance

Logistics alliance is a kind of logistics cooperation relationship established by manufacturing industry, sales enterprises and logistics enterprises based on formal mutual agreement. Enterprises participating in the alliance pool, exchange or unify logistics resources to seek common interests;

at the same time, the cooperative enterprises still maintain their independence. In order to achieve better results than engaging in logistics activities alone, logistics alliance has formed a logistics partnership of mutual trust, * * * taking risks and * * * enjoying benefits among enterprises.

3. Third- Party Logistics

Third-party logistics (3PL or TPL for short) refers to a specialized logistics company that is independent of buying and selling, and undertakes some or all of the logistics functions entrusted by neighboring organizations in the supply chain for a long time in the form of contracts or contracts.

It provides personalized all-round logistics solutions for specific enterprises according to local conditions, and realizes the rapid movement of products or services of specific enterprises to the market.

4. Fourth-party logistics

Fourth-party logistics mainly refers to logistics consulting services provided by consulting companies, but consulting companies do not mean fourth-party logistics companies. At present, the fourth-party logistics in China is only a "conceptual" fourth-party logistics company, and some logistics companies, consulting companies and even software companies in the south have declared that their companies are companies engaged in "fourth-party logistics" services.

these companies regard no fleet and no warehouse as a fashion; It claims to have information technology, but in fact it lacks supply chain design ability; Only regard the fourth party logistics as a commercial speculation model.

5. logistics integration

logistics integration refers to the integration and systematization of the supply chain with the logistics system as the core, from production enterprises, logistics enterprises, sales enterprises to consumers. It is a new logistics model developed on the basis of the third-party logistics.

Extended information

With the advent of the e-commerce era, it has brought new development to the global logistics, and made logistics have a series of new features.

1. Informatization

In the e-commerce era, logistics informatization is an inevitable requirement of e-commerce. Logistics informatization is manifested in the commercialization of logistics information, the database and coding of logistics information collection, the electronization and computerization of logistics information processing, the standardization and real-time delivery of logistics information, and the digitization of logistics information storage.

2. Automation

The foundation of automation is informatization, the core of automation is mechatronics, the external performance of automation is unmanned, and the effect of automation is labor-saving. In addition, it can expand logistics operation capacity, improve labor productivity and reduce logistics operation errors.

3. Networking

The foundation of networking in the logistics field is also informatization, which is one of the main characteristics of logistics activities under e-commerce.

4. Changes in the physical logistics network

(1) First, the number of warehouses will be reduced and the inventory will be centralized.

the application of distribution and JIT has enabled some enterprises to achieve zero-inventory production. In the future, because the logistics industry will become the warehouse of manufacturing industry and the physical supplier of users, factories and shopping malls will achieve zero-inventory, and naturally there will be no more warehouses. The inventory in the distribution center will replace the scattered inventory of thousands of households in society.

(2) Secondly, the main form of logistics node in the future will be distribution center.

in the future e-commerce environment, logistics management will be based on time, goods will flow faster, the manufacturing industry will realize "zero inventory", and the warehouses will be operated by third-party logistics enterprises, all of which determine that "custody warehouses" will be further reduced, and "circulation warehouses" will be developed into distribution centers. ?

Logistics center has become an organic part of urban functions. Generally speaking, its location should be located at the edge of urban areas and transportation hub nodes. Generally speaking, its location should be at the edge of the city and the junction of transportation hub.

(3) The integrated logistics center will be integrated with the large-scale distribution center.

Baidu encyclopedia-e-commerce logistics