The Classification and Basic Structure of China Traditional Culture

Up to now, scholars at all times and all over the world can't come to a conclusion, except for the reasons of multi-dimensional vision, there are also objective ambiguities from a linguistic perspective. Broadly speaking, culture is the sum of human spiritual life and material life. Just kidding, it is a cultural phenomenon for a man to stand on a street corner and spit and fly out. If there are two women, one hem and the other bah, the culture will be much more complicated. The generality of culture leads to the embarrassment that people who study culture often have dogs eating hedgehogs. American cultural anthropologist Lowell said: I was entrusted with a difficult job, that is, talking about culture. But in this world, nothing is more difficult to grasp than culture. We can't analyze it because its composition is endless, and we can't describe it because it has no fixed shape. We want to express its meaning in words, just like holding air in our hands. When we look for culture, it is everywhere except in our hands. Suddenly, at this point, students will find that this guy copied our Taoist ancestors and tried to read Laozi's original words: if you don't look, you will be called a foreigner, if you listen, you will be called hope, and if you don't fight, you will be called micro. These three things can't be blamed, so they are confused. The top is not bright (the original word can't be typed out, but it means the same thing in Liang Cheng), and the bottom is not ambiguous. The rope can't name it, and it returns to nothingness, indicating the shape and image of nothingness, indicating trance. I saw it without its head, and then it disappeared. . . Without translation, everyone can see that Lowell copied Lao Zi, but changed his name. Lao Tzu is talking about Tao, which has become a culture. I'm kidding.

Culture in a narrow sense only refers to people's spiritual life. On this basis, the cultural structure is further classified according to different perspectives.

First of all, in terms of time, there are primitive culture, ancient culture, modern culture and modern culture.

Secondly, in terms of space, there are oriental culture, western culture, marine culture and mainland culture.

Thirdly, from the social perspective, there are aristocratic culture, civilian culture, official culture, folk culture, mainstream culture and marginal culture (Mr. Jiang Yihua divided them into normative culture, non-normative culture and semi-normative culture. This division is relatively novel, so I will focus on it. The so-called normative culture, according to Mr. Jiang, takes Confucian classics as the classics and the official history of past dynasties as the latitude, and has widely absorbed Confucian classics, Taoism, Buddhism, Yin and Yang, metaphysics and Buddhism in the long-term migration and evolution, which is the highest authoritative normative culture of the small-scale peasant society in China. Correspondingly, it is the mode of production, lifestyle, various relationships between people, customs, beliefs, pursuits, daily psychology, potential consciousness and non-standard culture in various written or unwritten systems. In addition to these two cultures, there is a semi-standard culture between them, which refers to a large number of literary and artistic works with different elegance and popularity, and various cultural education and religious entertainment activities that are semi-divorced from classics, history and culture, such as Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, The Journey to the West and other popular cultural masterpieces. Of course, I think the division of Teacher Jiang seems to be only effective for the traditional culture of China.

Fourthly, it is divided into etiquette culture, system culture, dress culture, campus culture and enterprise culture from the social function.

Fifth, from the internal logic level of culture, it can be divided into four levels: material state culture, mentality culture, behavior culture and system culture.

Sixth, in terms of economic form, there are different cultures, such as animal husbandry and hunting, fishing and salt, agriculture, industry and commerce. Some people engage in coloring, yellow culture, blue culture and so on.

Besides, there are more interesting points. For example, Mr. Zhang Yuanshan divided culture into brain culture, chest culture, abdomen culture and lower body culture in his cultural essay "Up and Down Five Thousand Years". He divided the lower body into two sections, hip culture and hip culture. He said that the middle Tang Dynasty (An Shi Rebellion) was the first half of China culture, and then the second half of China culture. If subdivided, from Yao to Zhou, that is, from 3000 BC to the birth of Confucius in 552 BC, about 2500 years, it is a prehistoric period of China culture, and there is no mind yet. Around the birth of Confucius, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China entered the age of brain culture. Qin Shihuang was unified, centralized and autocratic, and his chest collapsed, so China entered the era of chest collapse. The Han dynasty played louder, which made the Xiongnu soldiers tremble with fear. Huo Qubing stone pig stone horse, a look is the most brainless people carved. The cleverest Sima Qian was castrated by the most brainless Emperor Wu. It was also the brainless Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who declared that Confucianism was the only one, which led to the fact that most of the intellectuals in China for two thousand years became brainless. In a word, Mr. Zhang's score is very witty. The reason why he bothers you so much is just to give you some inspiration. If students are interested, they may want to create a score.