Is cockroach the predecessor of flute?

Yuè is a national wind instrument in China.

As far as its potential blowing method is concerned, it can be roughly summarized into four types, namely: horizontal, straight, vertical and oblique. "Cross wind", flute, pool and other musical instruments are also; "Blowing straight" is a suona like a spring whistle, and all the pipes belong to it; It is the flute and shakuhachi that blow vertically. These three methods are very common and well known to the public. The unique "oblique blowing" method is almost unknown, and I don't know what it belongs to. In fact, "oblique blowing" is an ancient musical instrument that has been recorded for a long time in ancient books and described as "like a flute" and "like a flute".

Edit the history of this paragraph.

The oblique blowing of ancient cockroaches is simple, and there is no need to set up additional blowing holes. As long as you blow at one end of the nozzle, you can produce wonderful music. Tracing back to the source, it probably originated from the early life stoves of human beings-"Fire Blows Pipe" Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching said: "Between heaven and earth, it is still charming." Knowing the original meaning of the word "autumn" can be interpreted as "blowing a whistle". In fact, the "blowpipe" is a bug without sound holes, which is the early mouth-opening pipe. This kind of hollow tube can blow out at least three-tone melody by means of "oblique blowing", which is what the ancients called "blowing method" According to historical records, the Yellow Emperor ordered Linglun to make laws, and Linglun's first bamboo cutting system was "Huangzhong Palace", also known as "Huangzhong". Law Calendar) is the basis of later laws. It is also the basis of the legal system of degree, quantity and balance in past dynasties. It can be seen that the origin of ancient musical instruments is still alive. It is not only the ancestor of the flute, clarinet and all reed flute instruments in later generations, but also the basis of the system of laws, measurements and scales in past dynasties. As Zhu Zaiyu (Yu Tu), a great musician in Ming Dynasty, said, "The master of seven tones, the leader of eight tones, the source of twelve laws and the source of weighing" (Essence of Law). Press the left index finger on the hole, the right index finger on the middle hole, and the right middle finger on the hole. Blow it and its sound will be harmonious.

The ancient pheasant originated from the "fire-blowing pipe" and developed into a gestalt polyphonic instrument-"Bone Pheasant" (according to archaeology) at least in the Neolithic Age nearly ten thousand years ago. "Reed" made of natural plant materials appeared in the period of the Yellow Emperor (according to the Book of Rites). During the Dayu period, Tao "90% is in the summer", as a symbolic musical instrument of Zongkao music and dance, was first advocated to dance while playing (according to Lv Chunqiu); During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, the word "Hu" was popular in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, mostly as a sacrificial name. By two weeks, the drum was even designated as the representative instrument of "Wu Wen", which is one of the important symbols of China's ritual and music civilization. At this time, the ancient exorcism has been brilliantly expounded. According to historical records, the king of Wu attacked Yin and worshipped the ancestors of the temple as "exorcists" (Iraq); Mu Wang went to the West and played musical instruments widely (Biography of Mutian Words); In the national sacrifice, drum songs include Zhangzhang (The Book of Songs); In the court, there was a "teacher" ("Zhou Li") who could master the folk dance, which showed the brilliance and splendor of ancient culture in the pre-Qin period. However, since the Qin and Han dynasties, elegant music has declined, and guzheng has also begun to decline. With the rise of clarinet and flute instruments, the ancient oblique blowing method was gradually lost in the court. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties at the latest, the "Qu" held in court music and the sacrificial music and dance in Confucius Temple could not be played, but were stick-shaped dance tools in the name of "Qu". In addition, the language of "cup is like a flute" in history is unclear, and the true shape and blowing method of ancient cups have always been a mystery. Today, due to the misunderstanding of the word "Hu" by some authoritative ancient writers, there has been a major mistake in defining "Hu" as "wind instrument" in the music world, and the ancient culture with a long history seems to have been completely lost.

However, the Tao is hard to disappear, and the truth is immortal. In the Neolithic sites excavated by contemporary archaeology, a kind of oblique blow bone instrument (Jia Hu's Bone Blow) with no tooth holes appeared, which attracted worldwide attention and attracted people's attention to an indifferent folk oblique blow instrument, thus providing a solid proof for solving the eternal mystery of "blow flute" in history, and the truth of ancient "oblique blow" is only now. In fact, although ancient musical instruments exist in name only in court music, they also exist in name only in folk music. Musical instruments that are still popular in Xinjiang, such as Naiyi of Tajik nationality, Queer of Kirgiz nationality, Bos of Kazak nationality, Chaoer drum of Mongolian nationality and Zhuzuo of Taoism in the Central Plains, are actually the folk remains of today's ancient pheasants. Although these orchestras have different names, they all have the same structural feature, that is, there is no blowhole, and the performance feature is "oblique blowing". In China's family of wind instruments, this group of wind instruments is obviously different from flute and Xiao, and belongs to a completely independent playing system. The names of musical instruments are based on etymology or etymology, and are mostly related to "Yu", which can be summarized as "Yu".

Ancient wind instruments are like braided pipes, like the front end of a flute. A bamboo tube with three holes, so as to be in harmony with all sounds. -"Shuo Wen". Classics are based on cockroaches. Autumn is an ancient wind instrument, which looks like a flute and plays vertically. Widely used in court music in past dynasties.

Bug: Also known as reed bug and tapir bug. As for reeds, according to Le Shu, ancient people began to play musical instruments, and reeds were the earliest. Earthquake is the first of the six sons, and noise is the first of all things. It can be seen that it is a very old musical instrument.

"The Book of Rites" says: "Drum, reed and reed are the joy of the yi family." "Zhou Li. Chun Guan. Zhang Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Clap the drums and swear." Tapirs is an ancient place name, located in Shaanxi Province. It means land.

There are also many references to cockroaches in the Book of Songs, such as "holding cockroaches in your left hand and catching cockroaches in your right hand"; "Dance and drums, music is both harmonious and played"; Wait, it can be seen that cockroaches were quite popular among the people at that time.

There are many records about the shape of pheasant in ancient books:

Er Ya Shi Le: "The bamboo tube of music has three holes to harmonize with the public."

Custom Tong: "Hu, a musical instrument, a three-hole bamboo tube"

Shi Mao Biography: "Six Holes"

Guangya: "The flute is named Yu and has seven holes."

Old Tang Book: "Guan Sankong said' Gu'

Zhu's Biography of Poetry: "A flute has six or three holes." Wait a minute.

It can be seen that it is shaped like a flute, bamboo, vertical blowing, with three holes, six holes and seven holes, of which three holes are the oldest.

In the Song Dynasty, cockroaches were introduced to South Korea at that time, and today, three-hole cockroaches are still preserved in South Korea. 1978+00 During the third Three Kingdoms Art Festival in June, an ancient three-hole pheasant was exhibited at the "Korean Musical Instrument Exhibition" held in Hong Kong City Hall. Its description is as follows: "Pheasant is a bamboo clarinet with a V-shaped groove and three finger holes. It was used in Confucius Sacrifice Music. "

The application of cockroaches is also recorded in ancient books:

There were cockroaches in the eight-tone "bamboo" musical instrument of the Liao Dynasty.

The dance of elegant music in Jin dynasty, there are cockroaches in the "bamboo" instrument;

According to the historical records of the Yuan Dynasty, three-hole cockroaches were still used in the palace at that time;

In the Ming dynasty, it was used in bands and music and dance.

Until the Qing Dynasty, Qiu was still an important dance tool for elegant music dance, mainly used for sacrificial music and dance.

It can be seen that autumn has been widely used in court music in past dynasties, not only for bands, but also for music and dance.

There are few records about how to play games in ancient books. Zhu Zaiyu talked about the performance of Lu Lu Jingyi's three-hole competition:

Species of cockroaches

There are nearly ten kinds of oblique instruments in China. Although they can't be seen in the elegant hall, they have been active among all ethnic groups and people at least 8000 years ago. The main musical instruments we have seen so far are as follows:

One is Jia Hu's Bone Clam-today many people mistakenly call it Bone Flute. 1986 was unearthed at Jiahu Neolithic Site in Wuyang, Henan Province more than 8,000 years ago, and was the originator of China wind instruments. The container is made of the wing bones of cranes and birds, and the length of the tube is about 25 cm. The pipe body is drilled with 4-8 sound holes without blowing holes. Playing sideways, the pronunciation is loud, the seven tones are complete, the range can reach more than two and a half octaves, and it can be played fluently in many palaces. It is a solo instrument with gestalt characteristics.

2. The "eagle bone worm" in Xinjiang is popular in Tianshan area of Xinjiang. Tajiks call it "Naiyi", Kirgiz people call it "Quayle", and now people call it "Eagle Bone Flute". The instrument is made of the wing bone of an eagle, about 26 cm long, with three sound holes, and can play a complete seven-tone scale. Generally speaking, the range is nine degrees, and a skilled performer can extend the bass area by nearly an octave. This device is actually a living fossil of a three-hole cockroach called "Lai" in ancient times (Shuo Wen: "Lai, three-hole cockroach." Tazu Naiyi is often played with the tambourine (tambourine), which is often used in festivals, weddings, sheep grabbing and other folk festive occasions. Plays include Naiyi Qu and Jiapu Perilla.

Third, the Kazak's "Sibusi"-a musical instrument of nomadic Kazaks in the north. Most of them are made of reeds, "One Grass in Wen Cong" or pine on the grassland, wrapped in sheep intestines and wrapped with strings. The tube is about 50 cm long and generally has a sound hole of 3-5 years. The grip is characterized in that the lower handle is pressed with the thumb and forefinger, and the mouth half contains the pipe end, and the tongue controls the size of the mouth. When playing, the pipe sound is drawn from the throat sound and runs through the whole music. Its timbre is wonderful "like nature". According to the records of ancient literature, Hu Jia's performance has the method of "throat leading sound", and some scholars think that "empty forehead" is actually the legacy of ancient Hu Jia. "Spursi" is still popular among nomadic people in the north, such as Kazaks, and its representative tracks include: Missing, Waves of the Irtysh River, etc.

Fourth, Taoism "Ben"-popular in Henan, Anhui and other places in the Central Plains, mostly played by folk Taoist priests. Its instrument name is "Qiu" in modern times, "Chu" in ancient literature, and its real name should be "drum" in Shuowen, which is called "pipe blowing". According to Zhu Zaiyu's Lu Lu Ji, "Nanxun" is commonly known as "Chu", and the "cloud" in the Central Plains is actually the legacy of ancient Nanxun today. The existing folk "bricks" are mostly made of bamboo flutes. First, cut the upper section of the flute from the blowhole (don't blow the hole, keep the membrane hole), and then cut the nozzle of the new section into a slope shape. The timbre of the bamboo tube is similar to the range, but slightly soft. Its characteristic is that through the organic combination of blowing angle and breath, the height can be slightly adjusted by about two degrees with the temperature. The sacrificial music of Suoguo Temple is found in Henan, and that of Anhui is a characteristic accompaniment instrument in the early Huangmei Opera.

Fifthly, Liu's "nine-foramen worm"-1995 was successfully created. The vessel is made of thick bamboo, about 70 cm long and the diameter of the mouthpiece is about 3 cm. There are nine sound holes in the tube body, which are arranged scientifically according to the natural posture of the hand. Being able to play twelve semitones quickly and smoothly is not contrary to the traditional fingering of wind music. Its range reaches three octaves (the barrel sound is the central C), and its timbre is simple and rich, with the characteristics of flute, flute and flute. It is not only a unique solo instrument that has been inherited for 8,000 years, but also an ideal new sound source, which can fill the voice of contemporary national orchestras.

Liu's Nine-Hole Bug has been put on the stage, and its main tracks include concerto Snow in Tianshan Mountains, Poems on the Ground (Tang Pulin's Song), solo Gan Tang, adaptation of ancient songs "Three Lane of Plum Blossoms" and "On the Dressing Table", and transplantation of foreign tracks "Wild Bees Fly" and "Venice Carnival".

Kangxi dictionary:

Xia Ji Huzibu Lake.

Tang rhyme will burn and cut the rhyme, which is the opposite rhyme. Music medicine It is said that Wenle's bamboo tube has three holes, which is also in harmony with the public. From pinlun. Lun, Li Ye. Boya's flute has seven holes. Shi Gaofeng holds it in his left hand. A cockroach, too. Erya Xerox is a great product, in which it is secondary and the small one is fat. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the eighth year of Zi Xuan, it was still a pleasant afternoon, and thousands of people went there. Note, Guan Ye. Also rhymes and measures names. Shaped like a knight, it is Kang Juelu. Before the Han dynasty, what was determined by the law and calendar was the reality of Huang Zhongfa, the leap forward and the micro-movement, and the biology was also. It can hold 1200 millet, and it is a combination. Ten combinations are liters, ten liters are barrels, and ten barrels are welcome. The bamboo tube of vocabulary music? It is said that it is only Huang Zhong's tube, but it is actually the name of Wu Liang Xiaomi. Speaking of it, the word "music" is a novel word. Don't write a word, note: buddhist nun bamboo barnyard grass also. It is also called weaving bamboo books. Today, the word "Qu" is called "Qu" and the word "Qu" is called "Le". Later generations must follow it, and words follow the quality. Save two swearing words.

Textual research: [Explain the name of the flute. I want to change my name to Boya according to the original work.

Shuo Wen Jie Zi:

Volume II

The bamboo tube of music, with three holes, is also in harmony with the public. From pinlun. Lun, Li Ye. All genera of cockroaches come from cockroaches. Cut by burning.