Grassland and animal husbandry resources industry development strategy measures

I. Functional zoning and spatial layout

(I) Grassland functional zoning

In combination with the national and Xinjiang main functional area planning, grassland functional zoning is carried out in accordance with the carrying capacity of the grassland resources in the Altay region, and the degree of damage to the grassland caused by man-made and natural disasters. Altay region can be specifically divided into grassland: forbidden grazing area, limited grazing area and allow grazing area. In Altay mountains and other areas, adhere to the protection, construction and utilization of equal importance, increase the construction efforts, the full implementation of rest grazing and zoning rotational grazing, to achieve the balance of grass and livestock.

1. forbidden pasture area

The seriously degraded, sandy, salinized, desertified grasslands and ecologically fragile areas, the distribution of grasslands in important water conservation areas are designated as forbidden pasture areas. Prohibition of grazing areas to implement the ban on grazing. The regional administration, counties and cities according to the delineation of the grassland grazing ban area, issued a grazing ban order, in the grassland grazing ban area of the main entrances and exits, fenced areas, human and animal activities in the area to set up boundary stakes, fences, signs and other facilities. Farmers and herdsmen who implement the grazing ban can enjoy the grazing ban subsidies stipulated in the National Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidy and Incentive Mechanism Policy.

2. Restricted grazing area

The degradation, sand, salinization, desertification is more serious grassland, as well as ecological fragile area, the general water conservation area of the distribution of grassland area, delineated as restricted grazing area. Restrictions on animal husbandry activities within the restricted area. Farmers and herdsmen who implement restricted grazing can enjoy appropriate subsidies for restricted grazing in comparison with the subsidy standards of the restricted grazing areas, which are lower than the standards of the restricted grazing areas.

3. Allow grazing area

The prohibited area and limited grazing area outside the grassland, designated as allowed to graze area. The area does not enjoy the relevant subsidies provided by the national grassland ecological protection subsidy incentive mechanism policy. However, monitoring of the carrying capacity of grasslands should be strengthened to prevent grassland degradation, sandification, salinization and desertification.

(II) Livestock Productivity Layout

Based on the characteristics of the distribution of livestock resources in the Altay region, the development of livestock in different counties and cities and trends, etc., the following productivity layout is proposed.

1. High-quality beef and mutton industry layout

In Altay City, Fuhai County, Fuyun County, focused on giving priority to the development of high-quality beef and mutton industry, which in turn radiated the development of the region's beef and mutton industry. Actively carry out the Xinjiang brown cattle, Altay sheep and other local breeds of meat production, each with its own characteristics, and strive to build a modern meat production system centered on economic hybridization between local breeds and imported meat cattle and sheep, and the construction of a number of good breeding degree and feeding level of high commodity meat production base.

2. Dairy spatial layout

In Altay City, Fuhai County, Burqin County, Habahe County, focusing on the development of dairy industry, driving the development of horse dairy and camel dairy in Jimu County. The suburbs of the city to breeding Holstein high-yield dairy cattle, agricultural areas to breeding Holstein, Simmental cattle, pastoral areas to breeding Xinjiang brown cattle.

3. Layout of cashmere industry

Centralized development of cashmere industry in Qinghe County, in order to drive the improvement of cashmere goats in the whole region, and to improve cashmere fineness, length and individual cashmere production.

Second, strategic measures

(A) improve the pasture management system, according to law management of grassland resources

Further improve the grassland contract responsibility system and paid use of the system, so that the grass users are clearly recognized not only on the division of the grassland enjoy the right to use, but also on the pasture protection, management and construction of the responsibility. For those who destroy the grass and due to mismanagement caused by serious degradation of the grass to be seriously dealt with, with the legal means to ensure the rational use of pasture resources and development, give full play to the pasture supervisors to protect the grass, the management of the grass positive role.

To realize the grass to set livestock, strict control of grassland livestock carrying capacity. Overloading overgrazing is a problem that exists in pastoral areas throughout the region, controlling the amount of livestock, maintaining the ecological balance of grass and livestock is the most important measure to prevent further degradation of grassland. Altay area generally exists winter and spring over low overload, use time is long, while summer and autumn grassland has surplus, use time is short. For this reason, the potential should be fully tapped to extend the time of grazing and utilization of summer and autumn grassland, and to reduce the burden of winter and spring land; at the same time, it is necessary to closely combine the pastoral tax and the implementation of the standard of the grassland livestock carrying capacity, and to encourage the herdsmen to effectively and reasonably use the pasture resources. For the areas which have been overloaded, the number of head of livestock should be compressed and the output of non-producing livestock should be accelerated; for the areas which have been basically saturated, do not develop blindly, control the number of existing stock, and improve the utilization of remote grassland, prevent the grassland vegetation from being wasted, do the rotational grazing in sections, and stop the plundering operation of the grassland.

(2) strengthen the pasture and animal husbandry resources development and utilization management

Altai region's pasture resources have the characteristics of the long growth cycle of pasture, but natural disasters occur from time to time, especially the "white disaster", is not conducive to the development of grassland animal husbandry, so that the development of the risk of high, the distribution of the pasture is also more scattered, the transportation and other infrastructure is not perfect, restricting the grasslands and animal husbandry. Transportation and other infrastructure is not perfect, limiting the development and utilization of pasture livestock resources. In Altay region, the development, utilization and protection process of pasture animal husbandry should learn the lessons from the development and utilization of other regions, and draw on the successful model of foreign grassland development. The main countermeasures include: the region's grassland as a reserve agricultural natural resources to increase the development of efforts, and grassland utilization as the main regional object, the preparation of the overall development of grassland resources planning; the establishment of Altay region grassland development special fund, to promote the development of the regional grass-fed livestock production demonstration bases; to strengthen the management of grassland resources, based on the region's land-use planning, to improve the delineation of the grass hills and slopes of the right to the grassland, and improve the contractual use of grassland system, to promote the development of travelers' livestock. Grassland contract use system, promote the further implementation of nomadic herdsmen settlement project, to realize the protection of pasture resources and protection of herdsmen's lives in harmony with the development of the main idea.

Livestock industry as an important industry in Altay region, in the development process should continue to adhere to the "give more, take less, let live" policy, closely around the livestock industry to increase production and herdsmen to increase income, and to strengthen the pastoral infrastructure construction. Focusing on structural adjustment and production development, the comprehensive production capacity of the livestock industry should be improved. Adjust and optimize the structure of animal husbandry, the development of high-yield, high-quality, efficient, ecological, safe agriculture and animal husbandry. Adhere to the coordinated development of animal husbandry in agricultural areas, suburban animal husbandry and grassland animal husbandry. Strengthen the pastoral settlement, pastoral water conservancy, forage and fodder base as the focus of pastoral infrastructure construction; accelerate the construction of livestock and poultry disease prevention and control system, efforts to promote the livestock breeds of excellent, herd structure rationalization, industrialization of production and management, product marketing market and animal disease prevention and control network; highlighting high-quality beef and sheep, milk, leather three leading products, accelerate the transformation of the traditional animal husbandry to modern animal husbandry, building Forage and fodder base, cultivate large farming households, the development of farming community, and improve the security capacity of pastoral production.

(C) the implementation of grassland protection incentive compensation mechanism

Implementation of the national grassland ecological protection subsidy incentive mechanism. Adhering to the protection of grassland ecology and the promotion of herders to increase their income, the implementation of the ban on grazing subsidies and grass-animal balance incentives, to ensure that herders do not lose income by reducing livestock, and to fully mobilize herders to protect the grassland enthusiasm. From 2011 onwards, in Xinjiang (including the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps), a grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward mechanism was fully established. For the survival of poor environment, serious degradation of pasture, not suitable for grazing grassland, in accordance with the delineation of the forbidden area, the implementation of the area of forbidden grazing sealing, the central government in accordance with the 6 yuan per mu per year of the measurement of the standard of herdsmen to give forbidden subsidies, 5 years for a subsidy cycle; for the forbidden area outside of the use of the grassland, according to the grassland capacity to carry livestock, to determine the grass and livestock balance points, approved a reasonable amount of livestock, the central government on the herdsmen who have not been overloaded Grass-animal balance incentives in accordance with the measured standard of 1.5 yuan per mu per year.

Altai region to fully implement the grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward mechanism policy, based on the counties (cities) pastoral office, increase the forbidden grazing and grass-animal balance management functions, will be expanded into forbidden grazing area management station, so that the grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward mechanism implementation work in an orderly manner to promote.

(4) actively develop pastoral characteristics of advantageous industries

Development of special animal husbandry, cultivate and grow leading enterprises, extend the animal husbandry industry chain, and improve the added value of products. Under the premise of protecting grassland ecology, according to the grassland carrying capacity, the orderly development of mineral resources, rectify the development order, improve the level of development and utilization. Actively develop wind power, solar power and other clean energy, orderly development and construction of hydropower, the development of biomass energy according to local conditions. Vigorously develop the circular economy and improve the comprehensive utilization of resources.

Strengthening the construction of wholesale trading markets and commercial retail outlets for livestock products in pastoral areas. Further explore national culture, folk culture, grassland culture and traditional sports of national folk, and develop grassland cultural industry and tourism characterized by grassland scenery and national customs. Strengthen the infrastructure construction of key tourist attractions, create a number of high-quality tourist routes, and form a number of well-known domestic and foreign tourist destinations. Through the development of animal husbandry and other characteristic advantageous industries, promote the economic development of pastoral areas in Altay region.

Supporting the conditions for the development of clean energy in pastoral areas and the development and utilization of resources that do not damage the ecological environment projects are prioritized in the layout and construction and approval and approval. Encouragement of industries located in the western region of pastoral enterprises to reduce the tax rate of 15% of the corporate income tax. When arranging the annual land use plan indicators, they will be appropriately tilted towards the pastoral areas. Encourage foreign investment to participate in improving the utilization rate of mine tailings and mine ecological environment restoration and management of new technology development and application projects.

(E) in the pastoral areas vigorously develop public **** cause, and effectively safeguard and improve people's livelihood

Strengthen the pastoral area infrastructure construction. Accelerate the implementation of pastoral drinking water safety projects, as soon as possible to solve the problem of drinking water safety of herdsmen, give priority to nomadic settlements water supply, and further improve the water supply guarantee rate and water quality qualification rate, and synchronize the solution to the problem of livestock drinking water difficulties.

Speed up the implementation of nomadic herdsmen settlement project. In recent years, Altay region to increase the nomadic herdsmen settlement project construction investment, accelerated the pace of standardization of nomadic herdsmen settlement. As of the end of 2012, a total of 14,421 households and 61,000 people have been standardized to settle as nomads, accounting for 41% and 42% of the total number of households and population of herders, respectively. With the continuous promotion of standardized settlement of nomadic herders in the region, it has contributed to the effective protection and improvement of herders' livelihood.