The influence of The Analects of Confucius on China culture?

The Analects of Confucius is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius, a great thinker in China. It was a Confucian classic in ancient times. Today, it is the main material for us to understand and study Confucius' thought. Confucius lived in an era of great changes from slave society to feudal society in China. Social changes have caused profound changes in the ideological and cultural fields. Confucius was dissatisfied with the social unrest at that time, and thought that "there is no way in the world" and devoted his life to turning "there is no way in the world" into "there is a way in the world". In his later years, he did a lot of work to collect and sort out ancient books and documents, sorted out the Book of Songs and Shangshu, and deleted Chunqiu. Confucius broke the situation of studying in the government, opened private schools, recruited disciples, and passed on his ideas to students. Some of these students are officials and some are apprentices, which have great influence. By the Warring States period, the disciples of Confucianism and Mohism had "filled the world" (Lu You Lan Du). In the middle, from Qin Shihuang burning books to burying Confucianism, to Han Wudi, Confucianism became the ruling ideology of feudal society for more than 2,000 years. In the history of China's thoughts, Confucius was a great thinker and educator, and he was a figure connecting the past with the future, which had a great influence on the development of China culture. In my opinion, the following three main thoughts of Confucius have had a far-reaching impact on the cultural development of China: first, the positive and optimistic spirit; Second, attach great importance to moral values; Third, great educational thoughts. Confucius acknowledged the destiny, but he didn't pin everything on it. On the contrary, he emphasized people's conscious efforts. "I don't talk about profit, I am with life and benevolence." Knowing life is an important aspect of Confucius' thought. Then, he didn't entrust everything to fate. Facing the situation that there is no way in the world, he tried to change this situation. "Nothing is difficult in the world, nothing is impossible to a willing mind." Explains his attitude. Regarding benevolence, he said, "Be kind to yourself" and "Benevolence is far from good? I want benevolence, and I am benevolent. " Thus, he emphasized that the cultivation of benevolence depends entirely on conscious efforts. By extension, the implementation of benevolence also depends on people's subjective efforts. Confucius said, "Man can spread the Tao". Confucius' life is the embodiment of this spirit. He showed his heart: "am I a melon?" How can you tie it and not eat it "Don't want to be unknown. He traveled all over the world and never changed his mind after many setbacks. At that time, people said that he was "a man who knows what he can't do", which reflected his positive attitude. This positive spirit of Confucius reflects a new attitude towards social problems in the Spring and Autumn Period, that is, liberating from the shackles of the theory of destiny and turning to personnel to find answers. Starting from Confucius, the idea of relying on people's subjective efforts instead of relying on the fate of ghosts and gods has become the mainstream and prominent feature of China's national spirit, which has been enriched and developed continuously, and finally formed a tradition of self-improvement. The core of Confucius' thought and theory is to attach importance to moral values. He declared that "a gentleman's benevolence is supreme" and "benevolence is supreme", which means that morality is the most valuable and the highest moral standard is "benevolence". Regarding "benevolence", Confucius discussed the relationship between individuals and others, individuals and society. The relationship between individuals and others, such as "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"; "I want to stand up and stand up. I want to touch people." In short, put yourself in others' shoes. Regarding the relationship between individuals and society, he put forward the principle of dealing with personal interests and social interests: putting social interests first and personal interests subordinate to social interests, mainly in the following aspects: First, "seeing what is beneficial to you". Confucius said, "Being rich and expensive is what people want. You can get it without a way and have nowhere to go.": Poverty and meanness are human evils. If you don't get them their way, you won't go. "."injustice, wealth and expensive are like a cloud to me. The gentleman is figurative, and the villain is figurative. " It is not enough to discuss those who are ashamed of being naked and not eating enough because of their ambition in Tao. "People should pursue the improvement of moral quality, not just personal material enjoyment. Second, do your duty and be brave. In other words, anyone who meets the requirements of benevolence and righteousness and is beneficial to social interests should be proactive and retreat without hesitation. Third, "there is no harm to benevolence, and there is a killing to benevolence. "In order to meet the requirements of social interests, we can sacrifice everything of the individual, so that life is not harmed by personal survival. It is under this kind of thinking that the Chinese nation's virtue of taking the world as its own responsibility, selflessness and unyielding lofty integrity for the country and the nation have been cultivated and developed. " Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. ""the worries of the world first, the joy of the world later. " "Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world." "Life has never died since ancient times, and people with lofty ideals have passed down through the ages," and the heroic words of * * * producers, "It doesn't matter if you behead, just be true", are all permeated with the excellent traditional spirit of our nation, although their contents are quite different. As a great educator, Confucius has many educational thoughts. Here are just a few examples: first, a realistic attitude. Confucius said, "Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also". No matter who they are, no matter what problems they deal with, they must adopt such an attitude if they want to really gain a little knowledge. Another example is: "I heard a lot of questions. The rest should be careful. "Look at the flaws, and the rest should be cautious. ""I don't care, I don't need it, I don't care, I don't care. "They all embody this spirit. Second, learn and know. Confucius said, "I didn't know it by birth, but wanted it." He proposed that the attitude towards learning should be "not ashamed to ask questions" and "never tired of learning". He praised Confucius for being "not ashamed to ask questions, sensitive and eager to learn, and also a writer." He also said, "In a threesome, we must learn from each other. ".Third, the combination of learning and thinking. Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous". It is pointed out that both can not be neglected, which embodies the law of learning and seeking knowledge. Fourth, educational methods. For example, the heuristic teaching method of "don't be angry, don't be angry, don't raise a corner, don't contradict three corners, and there will be no more"; Seek and retreat, so enter; Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. Confucius' educational thought is a precious heritage of China culture. Of course, Confucius is in the transitional period from slave society to feudal society, and his thought also has some shortcomings, such as "not saying enough" and not paying enough attention to innovation; Emphasizing the rule of virtue and not paying enough attention to the military. All these have had a certain impact on China culture. I won't discuss it here. China is now in a new period of socialist construction, the feudal era of respecting Confucius has passed, and the era of blindly opposing Confucius during the ten-year turmoil has also passed. We should treat Confucius and Confucianism rationally and dialectically, discard its dross, give full play to its fine traditions and better serve the socialist modernization.