How to classify cars?

Core Tip: China's used car classification standard (GB/T3730. 1-88) was formulated in 1988, which is divided into three categories: trucks, buses and cars, and each category is finely classified according to different classification standards.

At present, China's automobile classification standards are chaotic, and there is no unified vehicle classification standard in the automobile production and marketing market. Even in the national management department, it is impossible to unify the classification of cars.

The classification standard of used cars in China (GB/T3730. 1-88) was formulated in 1988, which is divided into three categories: trucks, buses and cars, and each category is subdivided according to different classification standards, specifically:

Cars are classified according to engine displacement-

There are mini cars (below 1 liter), light cars (1- 1.6 liters), intermediate cars (1.6-2.5 liters), middle and senior cars (2.5-4 liters) and advanced cars (more than 4 liters);

Passenger cars are divided by length-

There are minibuses (less than 3.5m), minibuses (3.5-7m), medium-sized buses (7 7- 10/0m) and large buses (10m or more);

Trucks are classified according to their load-

There are minivans (1.8 tons or less), light trucks (1.8-6 tons), medium trucks (6- 14 tons) and heavy trucks (14 tons or more).

The new vehicle classification is based on two national standards, GB/t 3730. 1-2006.5438+0 and GB/t 15089-2006.5438+0. Its general classification is basically consistent with the internationally accepted terminology, and it is divided into two categories: passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Because there is no uniform standard for vehicle classification in various countries, passenger cars and commercial vehicles are classified. Details of the new classification are as follows:

The design and technical features of passenger cars are mainly used to carry passengers, their carry-on luggage and/or temporary articles. It has no more than nine seats, including the driver's seat, and it can also tow a trailer. Compared with the old classification, passenger cars include cars with less than 9 seats, minibuses and light buses, and trucks and buses with more than 9 seats do not belong to passenger cars. There is a special case, that is, we consider that some models, such as Jinbei Sea Lion, have more than 9 cars of the same length and less than 9 cars. In actual statistics, these vehicles are classified as commercial vehicles, which will not be repeated in the following interpretation of commercial vehicles.

Passenger cars are subdivided into four categories: basic passenger cars, multi-purpose vehicles (MPV), sport utility vehicles (SUV) and cross-border passenger cars.

Commercial vehicles are designed and technically used to transport people and goods, and can tow trailers. Passenger cars are not included.

Compared with the old classification, commercial vehicles include all trucks and buses with more than 9 seats. In the old classification, the take-away chassis of car enterprises was included in the vehicle statistics. In the new classification, we list the chassis separately, which are bus incomplete vehicle (bus chassis) and truck incomplete vehicle (truck chassis). Commercial vehicles are divided into five categories: buses, trucks, semi-trailer tractors, buses and trucks.

GB/T3730. 1-200 1 The new national standard divides cars into passenger cars (no more than 9 seats) and commercial vehicles. The types of buses are 1 1, including ordinary buses, open-top buses, advanced buses, minibuses, open-top buses and hatchbacks. Commercial vehicles are divided into buses, trucks and semi-trailer tractors. Among them, there are eight kinds of buses, namely minibus, city bus and long-distance bus. There are six kinds of trucks, namely, ordinary trucks, multi-purpose trucks and full-trailer tractors. According to regulations, this national standard is a "universal classification" of the automobile industry, which is applicable to general concepts, statistics, licenses, insurance, government policies and management.

At present, the models adopted by China Automobile Industry Association are divided into two categories: passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Passenger cars are divided into basic passenger cars, multi-functional passenger cars, sports passenger cars and cross-type passenger cars. Commercial vehicles are divided into buses, trucks, semi-trailer tractors, buses and trucks. It is reported that the association originally planned to cancel the classification of "cars" in the standard, but considering that the word "cars" is widely used in China, in order to avoid confusion, in the current classification, the models that people used to think of as cars are classified as "basic passenger cars".

In terms of taxation, the new national standard has gradually become a universal standard. When the Ministry of Finance of People's Republic of China (PRC) and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China adjusted the consumption tax last year, they divided cars into passenger cars and light commercial buses, but the specific classification still adopted the displacement subdivision method. Among them, passenger cars (including off-road vehicles) are subject to six tax rates, namely 1.5L (inclusive), 1.5~2.0L (inclusive), 2.0~2.5L (inclusive), 2.5~3.0L (inclusive) and 3.0~4.0L (inclusive).

Due to historical problems, many management departments still continue the old car classification method. For example, when the public security traffic control department registers motor vehicles, according to the code of motor vehicle registration, cars are divided into passenger cars, trucks, three-wheeled cars and low-speed cars.

When collecting road maintenance fees, the Ministry of Communications shall collect fees according to the tonnage of vehicles according to the Measures for the Administration of Road Maintenance Fees Collection. Taking Beijing as an example, road maintenance fees are calculated according to the load. The 1 seat of a family car is 0. 1 ton, and the load capacity is generally calculated as 0.5 ton. When collecting tolls for toll road vehicles, the Ministry of Communications classifies the tolls according to the passenger car seats and freight car tonnage.