What is the water-saving irrigation technology for pepper? What are the advantages and disadvantages? How about the application?

Pepper water-saving irrigation technology is also called micro-irrigation technology and pipeline irrigation technology (underground infiltration irrigation technology). This technology uses pipes to send water with a certain pressure directly around the roots of plants in the form of water drops. Because this watering method does not need canal to deliver water, it avoids water seepage and leakage in the canal, and at the same time, it directly pours water near the roots of plants, which improves the utilization rate of water and reduces the water consumption, so it is called water-saving irrigation technology. Water-saving irrigation techniques for pepper mainly include drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation.

Compared with conventional furrow irrigation technology, water-saving irrigation technology mainly has the following advantages:

(1) Water-saving water-saving irrigation technology has a small watering range, and the irrigation water is mainly concentrated near the root system, so the water consumption is small. At the same time, the watering technology also avoids the problems of large watering range, large ground leakage and serious waste in the process of watering the ground furrow, and has obvious water-saving effect, generally saving water by 30% ~ 40%. (2) Good watering quality Water-saving irrigation technology directly pours water into the root distribution area of vegetables, with high water use efficiency. At the same time, the uniformity of watering is also very good, especially after the water-saving irrigation method is adopted for ridge-cultivated vegetables, the problem that the ridge back is not watered thoroughly or the ridge top is not watered thoroughly in the ground furrow irrigation method can be avoided. (3) The water-saving irrigation technology that is beneficial to maintain a good soil structure is to slowly irrigate the soil around the root system, with a small amount of water, which will not cause soil hardening, excessive watering, long-term high water content of the soil after watering, floor hardening, poor ventilation, affecting the normal development of the root system, even rotten roots and rusty roots, and can always keep the plough layer loose and loose. (4) Water-saving irrigation technology is beneficial to maintain the ground temperature, and the water is less, and the water slowly enters around the root system, which will not cause the ground temperature to drop significantly, and is beneficial to maintain the ground temperature. Therefore, this kind of watering method is more suitable for protected watering in low temperature period. (5) Water-saving irrigation technology is beneficial to plastic film mulching cultivation, with slow watering and less watering. After watering, the water quickly penetrates into the ground, leaving no water on the ground. When cultivating with plastic film mulching, the plastic film will not stick to the ground, nor will it cause surface hardening. Therefore, this watering method can directly water the water under the plastic film, and with the help of the moisturizing and humidity-pressing function of the plastic film, the evaporation of surface water can be reduced, and the air humidity can be kept relatively low. (6) The traditional furrow-laying fertilization method, which is beneficial to precise fertilization, has wide fertilization range and low fertilizer efficiency. In order to ensure the effect of fertilization, the amount of fertilization is often relatively large each time. At the same time, due to the influence of the water flow with fertilizer, the fertilizer is unevenly distributed in the border or in the border, with more fertilizer gathered at the end far from the water inlet and less fertilizer gathered at the end near the water inlet. Using the advantages of water-saving irrigation technology, the fertilizer is first dissolved in water, and the water containing fertilizer is directly poured into the soil near the root system when watering, so that the problem of uneven fertilization will not occur, and because the fertilizer is directly applied to the area where the root system is densely distributed, it is also convenient for the root system to absorb and utilize, and the fertilizer efficiency is relatively high. (7) It is beneficial to the implementation of soil drug treatment. Just like precision fertilization, some pesticides used for soil disinfection or killing underground pests and some pesticides suitable for underground drugs to control aboveground stem and leaf pests are applied to the ground in combination with water-saving irrigation, which not only has uniform application and good efficacy, but also reduces the dosage and is conducive to reducing soil pollution.

Compared with conventional furrow irrigation technology, water-saving irrigation technology also has the following main disadvantages:

(1) The watering range is small, the water supply is small, and problems such as insufficient water supply and water leakage are prone to occur in high temperature period. Due to the limitation of the number and flow of water-saving irrigation pipes, the whole plot can not be irrigated evenly at one time, with a small irrigation range and less water. Generally, the problem of water shortage will not occur when watering plants in this way in the low temperature period and when the water demand of plants is not great, but it will easily occur in the high temperature period and fruiting period with high water demand, especially in the high temperature fruit period.

(2) Vegetable roots are shallow and prone to lodging. Water-saving irrigation technology has shallow wet soil layer and high water content in surface soil, which is not conducive to the expansion of vegetable roots to deep soil. Vegetable roots are generally shallow and prone to lodging.

(3) The water quality does not meet the requirements, and the pipeline fertilization is inappropriate, which may easily cause pipeline blockage. The water outlet of the pipeline in water-saving irrigation system is relatively small, which is easily blocked by fertilizer particles, soil particles, weeds and plant roots. , leading to poor or no water, affecting the uniformity of watering.

(4) A certain pipeline and pressurization system are needed, and the investment is relatively high. Water-saving irrigation requires pumps, water towers and other facilities to pressurize the water, and then the water can drip from the pipes near the roots of vegetables. In addition, the watering method requires strict quality of droppers, and special droppers must be used to ensure the watering quality. So the investment is relatively large. According to the type of pipeline materials and pressurization system used, it is generally necessary to install a greenhouse or shed with a cultivation area of 667m2, with an average capital of 1 1,000 ~ 3,000 yuan.

(5) It is easy to cause soil salinization. Water-saving irrigation technology requires less water, and the water is mainly concentrated in the surface soil, which has little scouring effect on inorganic salts in the surface soil, and it is easy to cause the salt in the soil around the root system to gather in the watering area with higher humidity, resulting in higher salt concentration near the root system. Therefore, long-term water-saving irrigation is easy to salinize the surface soil.

Water-saving irrigation of pepper has large investment and high watering cost. At present, it is mainly used for efficient cultivation of pepper. In recent years, driven by agricultural high-tech standardization bases in various places, the application scale of pepper water-saving irrigation technology is also increasing. Water-saving irrigation technology has been widely used in greenhouse and greenhouse pepper cultivation.