National values

The orientation and judgment of the relationship between different value domains is an important dimension of people's values. Chinese traditional values show a tendency of monism in the relationship between moral values and non-moral values, between family life and political life, between moral values and supra-moral sacred values, and between different cultural fields. We should be based on the separation of domains.

In the study of intercultural communication, scholars agree that culture is a crucial issue, which can be said to be the core of intercultural communication.Michael Prosser describes values in this way: "Values are the patterns that individuals or groups are constituted of, primarily through cultural interactions. They are the deepest culture, and we think that all people have values." Geert Hofstede's definition is succinct: values are "the general tendency to prefer one state of affairs over another." According to Clyde Kluckhohn, values are "an explicit or implicit conception of what is considered desirable that characterizes an individual or a group and that influences the choices that people make from among the various modes, ways, and purposes of action that are available to them." According to Samovar and Porter: Values are usually prescriptive admonitions about what is good and bad, right and wrong, true and false, positive and negative.

Intercultural communication researchers agree that culture is crucial to the issue of intercultural communication, says Michael

Prosser in the values narrative: values or groups of people are the main mode of communicative communication in the deeper culture I believe that all values Geert

Hofstede definition of the short and simple: the values of preferring a certain kind of state of affairs over another kind of state of affairs to the values of the people. Clyde

Kluckhohn: Values or groups of people have a special explicit or implicit recognition of the concept of concepts affecting the current variety of behavioral patterns, styles and objectives to make choices SamovarPorter: Values through the prescriptive admonition of the bad right wrong true false side opposite

Two, Western values differences in the production of the philosophical basis

Thinking styles of thought affect the three philosophies: Confucianism, Taoism Buddhism three philosophies: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism three philosophical ideas all attach importance to enlightenment some philosophical ideas focus on comprehending the meaning of the words and even the importance of subtlety in the pursuit of rhythmic thought style all affect what is done all want to let the horse know to let think about the comprehension of the thinking of the European and American philosophical background of the Ashtead strict formal logic and the l6th century l8th century pervaded the rationalism of Europe Rationalism Rationalism emphasizes the scientific test focuses on the form of the argument to show that the linguistic form of the exposed and the form of the integrity of the British and American countries pay more attention to the The exactness of expression is difficult to understand implicit

Three, Western values difference performance

() collectivism corporatism

Traditional philosophical view refers to the worship of self-submissiveness and harmony with self-submissiveness since the ancient class of the Western philosophical view since the ancient tendency to be with the self-submissiveness that is, emphasize the power of struggle with the self-submissiveness of the Western emphasis on the doctrine of sexual development and self-expression to identify with the self-submissive self-submissive laziness lack of the spirit of struggle and the idea of the combined must lead to collectivism, the collective and the collective. Culture attaches more importance to authority, status, seniority, age and other cultural importance is relatively low rights gap refers to the equality between the various social and cultural groups in the general phenomenon of the same culture to deal with the issue of equality of rights in different cultures culture belongs to the pattern of poorly organized social structure of the English-speaking culture belongs to the structure of the parallel community community structure of the basic structure of the community has always been the blood ties of the family serves the kind of patriarchal system of ethical power plays an important role in the hierarchical system of the strict hierarchical system of each community are its fixed identity, status, The rights and obligations and differential structure of the English culture, especially the American social structure is basically parallel to the West advocates freedom and equality liberation of the United States Declaration of Independence refers to the equality of classes and the Creator endowed with all the rights that is to exist, the free pursuit of happiness rights freedom and equality of the ultimate goal of existence

(C) Stability and change

Harmony advocates and self-harmonization of the development of self-resistance and struggle against the mediocrity of the way to make the peace and security emphasizes the warmth, gradual and smooth the self-enclosure of the culture of the Land to live in peace and work happily The premise of the reform and release of stability and unity by looking at the tendency to stabilize the development

(4) determine the degree of avoidance

The so-called degree of avoidance refers to the non-conventional environment feel comfortable or comfortable non-conventional environment refers to the novelty has not been experienced or is very different from the general situation of the environment of avoidance of the high degree of culture through rules and regulations, safety measures and in the absolute truth and beliefs to do their best to avoid a variety of certainty of the avoidance of the degree of avoidance of a low degree of culture of tolerance and rules and regulations less philosophy and religion of the views of the opposite direction. ToleranceRules and regulations are less philosophicalReligious cultures tolerate a variety of ideasCertainty means taking risksCertaintyCultural valuesToleranceAvoidance of certaintyDifferences between culturesSome culturesFreedom leads to certainty and leads to stressAnxietyMore need for rulesAvoidance of truthTolerance of ideasLack of risk-takingFear of failureCultures emphasize rules of conductAvoidance of certaintyMinimizing certaintyAvoidance of certaintyHigher cultureGroupsThese culturesSpainOther cultures seem more Tolerance of freedom of difference stress anxiety more risk-taking belongs to the low certainty cultural group America, Britain

(v) Masculinity

By masculinity I mean that the culture represents male qualities (e.g., competitiveness, arbitrariness) more than male qualities (e.g., modesty, caring) more male more inclined to internalize and repress emotions stress more male cultures emphasize the traditional masculinity of strength, self-confidence competitiveness cultures emphasize nurturing, emotional generality, and the need to be more aware of the importance of the male's role in the society and in the community. Emphasis on nurturing, affection, and generality are more economically independent, and the sexes get along more easily Masculinity is indicated by a high number of countries or regions: Ben, Germany, England, and the Netherlands, including Sweden and Norway.