Is Zeng Guofan a good person or a bad person?

When investigating a historical figure, we can't simply distinguish between "good guys" and "bad guys".

Zeng Guofan (1811-1872) is one of the most influential figures in the history of China. He went to Beijing to study from a remote mountain village in Shuangfeng, Hunan Province, and moved to Beijing after ten years in Beijing. At the age of 37, he was appointed Assistant Minister of Ritual and promoted to second class. Later, he returned to his hometown because of his mother's funeral, which coincided with the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom sweeping across Hu Xiang. Forced by the situation, he started a special militia in his hometown and went through hardships to pacify the world for the Qing Dynasty. He was named the first-class brave marquis of Wu, and became the first person to seal the marquis of Wu as a scholar in the Qing Dynasty. Later, he served as the governor of Liangjiang and Zhili, and the official was the first-class official. After his death, he was named "Zheng Wen". Zeng Guofan lived in a turbulent era, and the Qing Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, and internal troubles and foreign invasion followed. Because Zeng Guofan and others turned the tide, there was once a situation of "Tongzhi revival". Zeng Guofan is the center of gravity in this transitional period, which has a significant influence in politics, military affairs, culture and economy. This influence not only played a role at that time, but also continued to this day. Thus making him the most prominent and controversial historical figure in modern China.

1) Young people have a successful career.

Zeng Guofan, whose real name is Sheng Di, was born in Bohan. 18 1 1 was born in a wealthy landlord family in heyetang, Jingzi town, Shuangfeng county, Hunan province. The ancestors were mainly farmers, and their lives were relatively affluent. Grandpa Zeng Yuping's education is not high, but he has rich experience; Father Zeng Linshu, as a scholar, was well informed, and Zeng Guofan, as the eldest son and grandson, naturally got the care of two ancestors. They are eager for their children to succeed, so they educated Zeng Guofan on feudal ethics very early. Zeng Guofan entered school at the age of 6, read eight-part essay and recited five classics at the age of 8, read Zhou Li and Selected Works of Historical Records at the age of 14, and took part in the boy test in Changsha. His excellent grades are listed as excellent, which shows that he has been smart and diligent since he was a child. At 1832, he was admitted to a scholar, married Ouyang Cangming's daughter, and took a big step in his life. Zeng Guofan was admitted to Jinshi at the age of 28. From then on, he stepped onto the road of official career step by step, and became the right-hand man of Zhang Mu, Minister of Military Aircraft. In Beijing for more than ten years, he successively served as imperial academy Jishi Shu, transferred to school, gave lectures for bachelor, took charge of the affairs of Wen Yuan Pavilion, took charge of the cabinet, inspected the affairs of Chinese books, and served as assistant minister of the War Department, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Punishment and the official department of Faxia. Zeng Guofan was promoted to the second-class position step by step along this career path. Judging from his literary talent, the success of Zeng Guofan's official career is related to his eagerness to learn. He worked tirelessly and studied hard day and night, especially after taking the Korean exam in Beijing and entering the general museum. Diligent in asking for help, not ashamed to ask questions, reading history, attaching importance to Neo-Confucianism, reading a lot of ancient poems, brilliant and knowledgeable. Such diligent and studious officials are rare. Because he reads widely and dabbles in literature, he has his own unique views in politics: if he wants to rule the world, he must freely use Confucianism and Legalism. The Neo-Confucianism he admired was the orthodoxy of Confucius and Mencius and should be used as a post-monarch and minister. In particular, he once advocated or expounded the emperor, and put forward the method of governing the world, involving bureaucracy and honesty, material selection and use, material and wealth use, military strength and art of war. He should state his political views in the imperial edict, saying: "The only thing that should be emphasized today is employing people, and there is no shortage of talents. If you want to play a role and stimulate it, you must look at the emperor's wonderful use, the way of mobilization, the way of training and the method of testing. The three cannot be abolished. In my opinion, there are two common problems in the work of Beijing officials today, namely, retreat and triviality. There are two common faults in the work of foreign officials, namely perfunctory and clumsy. Customs follow, but they seek peace, and they refuse to cheer up without mistakes. When they encounter difficulties, the country will suffer losses due to lack of talents. " In order to cheer up the officials, the emperor must set an example. He flaunted feudal ethics in theory and practice and safeguarded the fundamental interests of the landlord class. As a military commander, he does not have this prerequisite. But it was because of his rapid progress that he won the favor of the emperor and his colleagues. He thanked the emperor and tried his best to protect his master. He hated Xiang and tried to build a regular army with stronger fighting capacity than green camp. He made great achievements in suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and fighting for the Qing Dynasty, and fought all his life until his death.

2) Zeng Guofan's thoughts and knowledge

Zeng Guofan, as a famous politician in modern times, was indifferent to the corruption and decline of the Qing Dynasty after experiencing the "prosperous time of Ganjia". He said: "The country is poor, but people are scattered, which is very serious." As for "scholar-officials are used to being worried and tolerant", "prosperous times are neither white nor black, neither painful nor itchy" and "hate secondary bones". He believes that "the bad governance of officials is all caused by group curtains, and it is sincere to seek officials to eliminate the disadvantages of curtains." Based on this, Zeng Guofan put forward that "the administration should get the people first". For those who need both morality and tools in times of crisis, they should advocate honesty, respect benevolent government, oppose tyranny and disturb the people, and must severely punish those officials who take bribes and pervert the law. As for the financial and economic relationship between the national movement and people's livelihood, Zeng Guofan believes that the way to manage money is to make full use of the surplus and deficiency, be down-to-earth, be honest and clean, and "gradually seek rectification, not be eager for quick success." Zeng Guofan mentioned agriculture as the basic strategic position of the national economy. He believes that "people's livelihood comes first, and the national economy takes good years as credit." He demanded that "in today's counties, emphasizing agriculture is the first priority." Influenced by the two Opium Wars, Zeng Guofan had his own views on the diplomatic relations between China and the West. On the one hand, he hates westerners invading China, thinks that others should not snore and sleep next to his couch, and opposes using teachers to help him suppress it, so he is deeply ashamed of using foreign countries. "On the other hand, it is not blindly exclusive and advocates learning its advanced science and technology from the West.

Study and discuss Tao's classics

Zeng Guofan was a famous master of scientific communication in the late Qing Dynasty, with profound academic attainments. He said: "A person who can really read is good and more expensive than being strong", and he should have the spirit of "three years of old rain, three years of diligence, five nights of solitude and eternal youth". The beauty of writing or masculinity, "focusing on adventure"; Or female beauty, "it is important to get a natural taste." To write an article, you need to work hard on the momentum. "You can rely on reason to do things with anger, but no matter how reasonable it is, it is not gray." We should pay attention to appropriate details, people's details, people's details, and "those who know the position one after another, cut short" is also "the writer's first priority." For Wengui, we should find our own way. "The way to write lies in the beautiful weather." . "Clear rhyme, sonorous, is the first wonderful scene of the article".

The art of parenthood

Mr Zhong Shuhe, a famous historian, said that Zeng Guofan's adopted son was successful. It can't be erased, and there's no need to erase it. Zeng Guofan believes that the following ten things should be paid attention to in parenting: 1. Diligent housekeeping, strict family rules. Second, be filial and get rid of arrogance. Third, "do things first". Fourth, the way to stay at home can't have more money. Fifth, getting married "is not necessarily rich and famous." Sixth, family affairs should be extravagant and frugal. Seven, housekeeping: test, treasure, morning, sweep, book, sparse, fish, pig. Eight, relatives should value feelings over things. Don't get tired of housework. Ten, choose a good teacher for advice.

Battlefield operational plan

Zeng Guofan was a scholar who trained Xiang army and governed the country at first. He suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, the largest peasant uprising in the history of China. His military thoughts are extremely rich, and he really has something extraordinary. He believes that the number of soldiers is small, but fine, "serenade is strong", "the more soldiers, the weaker the strength; The more reimbursement, the poorer the country. " Advocate the separation of military and political affairs and take responsibility. He bought foreign guns, cannons and ships, which promoted the modernization of China's military weapons. To run the army, strict military discipline is the first, and at the same time, it is intended to cultivate "harmony" and the soldiers are United. He believes that "the general has the heart of death, and the foot soldiers have no life." There are four requirements for selection: "First, be good at knowing people, second, be good at containing the enemy's situation, third, be brave in doing things, and fourth, be orderly in business." Zeng Guofan's strategy and tactics are the most abundant in his military thoughts, which are worth learning today. For example, "use soldiers like rabbits." Quiet as a virgin ",the technique of subject and object is wonderful," Zhazhai fights to the death ",the navy should not attack with the wind, choose a good camp," self-government first, then enemy control ",attack the city in deep trenches and high bases, attack the city in tunnels, cooperate with land and water, use static braking," pull out the roots first, then the headland "and so on.

The way to make friends in life

Zeng Guofan is quite insightful about the way of making friends. He believes that it is important to be generous to make friends, and to "be honest and upright, compromise and be tolerant, but be selfless and suspicious." "Don't take advantage of people. Don't take other people's money seriously. " Brainstorm, listen without being deaf. "The way to observe people is to be ethical but not bureaucratic, organize more and talk less." In terms of life, Zeng Guofan believes that "in this troubled times, the poorer the better." As a senior official, "it is always good to have less money and less production." "forbearance is the first priority for officials", "virtue is damaged by fullness, and happiness is reduced by arrogance". Men must be careful with the word "light". "It is not particularly rich and famous. The prosperity of his family name is determined by heaven, that is, whether the virtue of learning is established is mostly related to heaven. Just laugh it off." "Don't do your own work, don't do your own fame", "The sooner you retire, the better". Zeng Guofan wrote twelve proverbs, which basically summarized his way of making friends in life.

Self-cultivation strategy

Zeng Guofan summed up twelve aspects of cultivation: respect, sitting quietly, getting up early, reading books, reading history, being cautious, nourishing qi, keeping in good health, knowing that the sun will die, knowing that the moon will die, writing, and staying indoors at night. He believes that the ancient people's cultivation can have four functions: "being cautious and being kind, respecting and strengthening the body, begging and pleasing others, and being sincere and respecting them." Zeng Guofan did not believe in medicine, monks and witches, immortals, honesty, cleverness, truth and wealth. "Life is poor, know life has no worries." Zeng Guofan thought: "there are about five things in the method of keeping in good health: first, always sleep and eat;" Second, punish poverty; Third, abstinence; Fourth, wash your feet before going to bed every night; Fifth, walk three thousand steps after two meals a day. " The four words "eyesight", "rest", "sleep" and "diet" are the most important ways to maintain health, and you should know how to recuperate when you are recovering from illness.

compound

"Reputation is the sacred phase, and praise is the culprit".

Just as Zhang, a geek in the Revolution of 1911, commented on Zeng Guofan, for a hundred years, different people have different opinions, and the wise have different opinions, including praise and criticism. As early as when Zeng Guofan suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, some people accused him of killing too many people and gave him a nickname "Zeng shaved his head". By 1870, many people called him a traitor, so much so that Zeng Guofan felt that he was "blaming others, handling blame, and discussing clearly", and even had the fear of being besieged. After the Revolution of 1911, some revolutionaries said that he was "the first person to enforce the law on the spot" and a traitor with a long history. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, historians even scolded him to the end, denouncing him as a guardian of the feudal landlord class, a spiritual idol of the landlord and comprador class, a traitor, a traitor, a murderer without blinking an eye, and so on, completely denying him. History is an organic combination of various complex factors, so is the history starting from things. It is not objective to simply and unilaterally affirm or deny complex historical figures, nor does it meet the requirements of Marxist historical materialism and seeking truth from facts. Since 1980s, the academic research on Zeng Guofan has gradually deepened, and his evaluation is relatively objective. With the publication of Zeng Guofan's novels and legends, more and more people are interested in them. They hope to learn more about Zeng Guofan's knowledge, opinions and opinions through the characters written by writers, and get a more direct, clear and in-depth glimpse of his inner world.

3) Anecdotes

Mao Zedong's Mystery of "Serving Ceng Wenzheng Alone"

When Mao Zedong was young, he devoted himself to Zeng Guofan. In the Guangxu version of Zeng Guofan's letters in Shaoshan Memorial Hall, there are several volumes of Poetry on the title page. He once said: Zeng Guofan's achievements and article ideas can be used by future generations. It is considered that the compiled Notes on Classics and History is an introductory book of Chinese studies. Zeng Guofan paid the most attention to spiritual education in running the army, and Mao attached great importance to this point all his life. Once upon a time, "loving the people is the top priority in managing troops." At the beginning of the establishment of the Red Army, Mao formulated three major disciplines and eight notices.

Chiang Kai-shek praised Zeng Guofan's mystery

Jiang warned his children and subordinates many times: "You should read more books and gifts from Hu Linyi, etc.", and your family books and gifts ... Any politician must read them. When reviewing the annotation of Quotations from Zeng Hu, he said: The Zeng family is enough to be a teacher. At Huangpu Military Academy, he taught students with Zeng Guofan's love folk songs. He said, I think Zeng and Zuo can defeat Hong and Yang because their moral knowledge, spirit and confidence are better than the enemy.

The mystery of "fame is the sacred image, praise is the culprit"

Zeng Guofan was once revered as Confucius and Zhu, and later revived Confucian saints. A great man and saint who made great achievements and turned to the world, was the first minister of ZTE in Xian Tong in the Qing Dynasty. However, some people called him a thief, the chief culprit, a traitor, a national sinner and a "hypocrite" who shaved his head and killed innocent people.

The mystery of the historical influence of Zeng Guofan's letters

After the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing court was extremely suspicious of Zeng Guofan, who was in power. In order to show his true intention, he did something against his personal character and published a letter from home.

The mystery of concubinage in violation of the prohibition

At the age of fifty-one, when Emperor Xianfeng went to the funeral, he secretly married a concubine, "breaking the rules and losing morality", so some people denounced him as a "hypocrite". Zeng Guofan, who acted with "sincerity" and "perseverance" all his life, "looks extraordinary, has triangular eyes and is often sleepy. His figure is only middle-aged, his footsteps are extremely heavy, and he speaks slowly. "

The mystery of "love money all my life"

At the age of 30, I made a blue satin coat and wore it once during the celebration and New Year's Day. After 30 years, the clothes are still as good as new. During their tenure at the Nanjing Governor's Office, his wife and daughter-in-law performed spinning and cooking every night.

4) chronology of major events

18 1 1 year (Jiaqing 16 years)165438+1October 26th (65438+1October/kloc-

18 15 (twenty years of Jiaqing) 5 years old and literate at home. A year later, he entered his home school to "watch fasting".

1826 (6 years of Daoguang), 16 years old, in the spring, she ranked seventh in Changsha Fukao (children's test).

1830 (Daoguang10) At the age of 20, he entered the Down's Ancestral Hall in Hengyang and studied under Wang Juean. A year later, he transferred to Lianbin College in Xiangxiang. Change the number and wash it.

1833 (Daoguang13) In the autumn of 23 years old, I took the Xiangxiang County Examination and was admitted as a scholar.

1834 (Daoguang14) I entered Yuelu Academy in the spring when I was 24 years old. In autumn, I will take part in the 36th Juren Rural Examination. In winter, I went to Beijing to prepare for the exam, passed through Changsha and began to meet Liu Rong.

1835 (Daoguang15) I am 25 years old. In April, I will try to stay in Beijing and study in Changsha Guild Hall.

1836 (Daoguang16) At the age of 26, Cohen tried again and went home from Beijing. In Changsha, I met with Liu Rong and Guo Songtao in Xiangxiang Hall for two months.

1838 (Daoguang 18), Gong was ranked 38th at the age of 28. After the exam, it was renamed Guo Fan. Palace examination ranked 42nd among the top three, and was endowed with the same background as a scholar. Chaokao ranked first and third, and Daoguang Emperor ranked second. Awarded to Jishi Shu Hanlin Academy. Ask for leave and go home at the end of the year.

1839 (Daoguang 19) In the summer of, I was 29 years old and went out of Hengyang to visit Du Gongbu Temple and Shigu Academy. In autumn, I went out to Shaoyang and visited Wugang, Xinhua, Lantian and Yongfeng. In February 65438, Kiko Zesheng left home for Beijing. I started to keep a diary this year, persevering and never stopping.

1840 (20 years of Daoguang) At the age of 30, in May, Jishi Shu closed, ranking second and 19th, and was awarded a review by the Hanlin Academy. In July, he fell ill and received treatment and care from Ouyang Zhaoxiong and Wu Tingdong. Two months later, he recovered and the three became friends.

184 1 year (Daoguang 2 1 year) 3 1 year. In August, I visited Tang Jian, a master of Neo-Confucianism, and asked for the prescription of study and the essentials of physical examination. "Kao De asked about the profession" and "smoked classics". 1/kloc-0 served as an assistant in the National History Museum in June, 2006, studying the previous history and distinguishing gains and losses. That year, I enjoyed reading Tao's Official Documents presented by Hu Linyi. It is more effective to write "Xu Li" and directly attack the people's sufferings and lash out at corruption.

1842 (22 years of Daoguang) At the age of 32, he devoted himself to the study of Zhu Cheng. Every day, he had to do his homework: getting up early, respecting himself, sitting quietly, studying hard, reading history, being cautious about independence, nourishing his spirit, keeping fit, knowing his death, remembering things every month, writing poems and staying at night.

1843 (23 years of Daoguang) 33 years old. In April, he was promoted to assistant lecturer of Hanlin College. In July, after having obtained the provincial examination in Sichuan, Qin Wei. 65438+ February, Chongwen Yuanguan was proofread. In August, he was allowed to give lectures at Hanlin College.

1844 (twenty-four years of Daoguang) was thirty-four years old. In August, Guo Songtao was introduced to become a master and apprentice with Jiang Zhongyuan. Sent to the Hanlin Academy to teach ordinary scholars.

1845 (25 years of Daoguang), 35 years old, 10 month, promoted to Bachelor of Lectures in the Academy of Academician. Li Hongzhang went to Beijing to take the exam, and his family liked it the next year.

1846 (26 years of Daoguang), aged 36, 1 month, served as the official of Wen Yuan Pavilion. I wrote to my bookstore and said, "Beg for a bird's nest". During the summer and autumn, he went to Chengnan Temple to recuperate, and had an in-depth discussion with his roommate Liu about Sinology and Song Studies. He knows that learning must return to the main task and "have the best of both worlds".

1847 (27 years of Daoguang) was 37 years old. In July, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in cabinet and assistant minister street in the Ministry of Rites. In June 65438 +065438+10, Qin Paiwu was the president and minister of palace examination Reading Association.

1848 (twenty-eight years of Daoguang) was thirty-eight years old. In March, Ji Zihong was born. 10 This month, I collected the speeches of great scholars in ancient and modern times, and compiled the Family Instructions of Zeng in 32 orders according to three aspects: self-cultivation, keeping the family in order and governing the country.

1849 (29 years of Daoguang) was 39 years old. In February, he was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites. In September, assistant minister of the right Ministry of War.

1850 (30 years of Daoguang), aged 40, appeared in Ying Zhao Chen Yan Shu in April, revealing the officials' stubbornness, timidity and softness. Today's spokesman can only speak in the employer's ear. In July, he was appointed assistant minister Zuo.

185 1 year (the first year of Xianfeng) 4 1 year 1 month, Hong Xiuquan organized an uprising in Jintian Village, Guiping, Guangxi. In May, Emperor Xianfeng "fell to the ground in anger" and wanted to commit a crime.

1852 (2 years in Xianfeng), 42 years old, 1 month, published "Preparing for People's Suffering". In July, he served as an examiner in Jiangxi Province. Arrived at Xiaochi Post Station in Taihu County, An Wei, got the mother's obituary and went home to attend the funeral. 65438+/kloc-arrived home in early October. Taiping Army left Guangxi for Hunan and attacked Changsha in September. The month of 10 depends on the state of Yue.

1853 (3 years of Xianfeng) 43 years old 65438+ 10/2 1, took over the task of Yong ying in Hunan. Guo Songtao urged Bao. On the 30th, he came to Changsha with Zhang, Governor of Hunan Province, to participate in enterprise group training. /kloc-in March of 0/9, the Taiping Army captured Jiangning with Tianjing as its capital. In September, he was allowed to move to Hengzhou for training. June 65438 +065438+10, Jianhengzhou Shipyard rushed to build warships. Send people to Guangdong to buy foreign guns and build a navy.

1854 (4 years in Xianfeng) 44 years old. On February 25, he was ordered to lead the division to the Taiping Army. Release "Begging for Guangdong Bandits". Chu Ruhang, President of Ren Haijun, and Taqibu were pioneers of the army, commanding 17000 men and sending troops north. In May, the soldier was defeated by Jinggang and was rescued by drowning himself.

On July 25, after the reorganization of the amphibious forces, they began to attack Yuezhou. Take Wuchang in June 65438+1October 65438+April. Emperor Xianfeng ordered him to dispatch the governor of Hubei. Bring it back in seven days. Reward the rank of assistant minister of the Ministry of War. On February 2, 65438, Tianjia Town was captured.

1855 (Xianfeng five years) night, 45 years old, 12 February, Shi Dakai attacked the Xiang water camp and burned more than 100 Xiang warships. Zeng Guofan's ship was taken away, "all the books were lost." "Angry, want to ride to kill the enemy", advised Liu.

1856 (6 years of Xianfeng) was 46 years old and was trapped in Nanchang in July. On September 2, after the battle between Yang and Hong (Tianjing Incident), the Taiping Army was badly hurt. In June 5438+10, Zeng Guofan set up a auspicious word camp in Changmuyong to help Jiangxi.

1857 (Xianfeng seven years) 47 years old. On February 27th, her father died, and Katie Guohua returned to China to attend the funeral. In July, I went to Shanghai twice and sought the final system at home, which was approved by Emperor Xianfeng. Yun Si Pavilion was built in 1860.

1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng) was 48 years old. May 19, Li Heyang led the land and water forces to capture Jiujiang. The first country to enter the Lee Curtain. On July 3, 2003, he set off from Zhejiang Military Affairs by imperial decree, and on July 7, 2007, he set off from Kloc-0/7. On August 5th, I arrived in Wuchang. Negotiate with Hu Linyi about sending troops for a raise. 165438+1October 15. Li He died in the Three Rivers War. In February 65438, he wrote "Love Song" to train the Xiang Army.

1859 (9 years of Xianfeng) 49 years old 1 month, Li Hongzhang came to visit Jianchang and stayed in the camp to assist in military affairs. In the same month, he was renamed Zhengan and joined Xiang Army to avenge his brother Guohua. Write a portrait of a saint in February. 1 1 month, plans to invade Anqing in four ways.

1860 (Xianfeng10) is 50 years old. In May, he compiled 26 volumes of Miscellanies of Classics and History, Macros for Taking the Essence and Using It, and Four Essentials for Doing It.

In June, left to camp, stay for 20 days, discuss the overall situation in southeast China; Acting Governor of Liangjiang, Minister of War.

In July, the headquarters of the two rivers was entrusted, and the military affairs in the south of the Yangtze River were supervised by an imperial envoy. 10 10 18, we discussed with Hu Linyi and Li the strategy to help the north. Shangshu asked to send troops to the north to wipe out the king of Qin, and to "cover the sky with snow." In February of 65438, Qimen Camp was trapped twice, and the Taiping Army was only 20 miles away from the camp, which was "dangerous".

186 1 year (Xianfeng 1 1 year) 5 1 year, August 23, is "Re-reported to buy foreign guns": "Buying foreign guns is the first priority today." On September 5, Xiang captured Anqing. On the 25th, he moved to Anqing. 1October 20th, 165438, the military affairs of four provinces (Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangxi) were ordered to be supervised, and the governors and the following towns were brought under control. In February 65438, the Ministry of Internal Affairs was located in Anguan. At the end of the year, the Third Route Army was determined to March: "The country of Jinling was besieged, while Zhejiang belonged to the left and the Soviet belonged to Li Hongzhang, so it set up a bureau to eliminate the southeast."

1862 (the first year of Tongzhi), 52 years old, 65438+3 1 year1October, was appointed as an assistant to the university by the Governor of Liangjiang, and Ceng Guoquan was awarded a judge in Zhejiang Province. On February 65438+4, 2004, Zuo led an army from Jiangxi to Zhejiang. In April, Li Hongzhang led an army to Shanghai. In May, Ceng Guoquan led the army into Yuhuatai, and joined Peng Yulin Navy to camp in Tianjing. On July 18, we tried to explain our interests in order to use soldiers to help suppress: "islanders use repression to make profits ... and China should look for trouble", and foreigners will never be allowed to "ravage China land" by means of repression. In September, six Confucian scholars and Dai Junheng who died in the war but were not buried were buried with stones. In February of AD 65438+, his first husband died of illness in the Xiang army camp in Yuhuatai. At the end of the year, Hua and Xu Shou tried to build the first steam engine in China. After Zeng Guofan saw it, he wrote in his diary that day: "China can also secretly appreciate the intelligence of foreigners. He can't be proud of what I don't know! "

1863 (two years of Tongzhi) 53 years old 65438+1On October 28th, Zeng Guofan boarded the first small wooden steamer in China, which was built by Anqing Ministry of Interior, and named it "Huanggu" with joy. On May 7, he wrote to the Prime Minister's yamen on state affairs, saying that "foreigners have the heart to bully the weak and fear the hard, and they are even more bullied; China people have a fear of fear, but they are forced to be afraid. " They are opposed to buying ships under the command and control of naval colonels. /kloc-in June of 0/3, Shi Dakai defeated the Dadu River. In September, I met with Yung Yung to discuss the establishment of a factory that could ruin nursery furniture. On February 3rd, 65438+, Hong Rong paid 68000 silver dollars to the United States to buy machines.

1864 (Tongzhi 3 years) 54 years old 65438+ 10 In October, Li was sent to survey the sand lines of coastal islands in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In May, the collection of books in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was destroyed by the army, and it was decided to set up a bookstore in Anqing to publish and engrave all kinds of classics. On June 3, Hong Xiuquan died in Tianjing, and his eldest son succeeded to the throne. /kloc-in July of 0/9, the Xiang army attacked Tianjing and the Taiping Army failed. In July, Zeng Guofan rewarded Prince Taibao and the first-class marquis. Ceng Guoquan gave Prince Shao Bao and Earl the first class merit. /kloc-in August of 0/5, it was decided to abolish 25,000 Xiang troops.

In June of 5438+00, Hangyuan moved to Anling. 1 1 month, stop collecting donations from Li She and Mu. In February, 65438, he presided over the restoration of Jiangnan Gongyuan, made up the Jiangnan Provincial Examination, and took an examination of Jiangnan Yougong.

1865 (Tongzhi 4 years) 55 years old 1 month, selected 17 poems written by ministers since the Han and Tang Dynasties, and compiled "Yuan Tang Papers in Ming Dynasty". In March, he presided over the two houses of planting mountains and respecting classics. Adopt 800 lonely and cold children and donate their own class prize for raising Lian Yin. On May 26th, I received an imperial edict: to lead an army to Shandong to suppress twisting. In June, he presided over the compilation of Wang Chuanshan's Letters, with a volume of ***320, and submitted it to Jinling Bookstore for publication. /kloc-in June, 2008, the strategy of the northern anti-Nian army was: fortification of important towns, river fences, clearing the field to stop Wei, and cavalry tracking. In September, I arrived in Xuzhou via Yangzhou and Qingjiangpu. Soldiers deployed all the way, blocked the encirclement, and posted a list of recruits along the way. On June+10, 5438, Jinling Manufacturing Bureau moved to Hongkou, merged with Li Hongzhang's original artillery bureau and the iron works purchased from Americans, and together with more than 100 machines bought back by Hong Rong, Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration was established. In February 65438, the permanent constitution and operational rules of the Yangtze River Navy were approved.

1866 (Tongzhi 5 years) 56 years old in March, from Xuzhou to Jining, along the way, visited the tombs of Mencius, Confucius and Zeng. On September 24th, Nian Jun broke through the defense line and entered Shandong. I asked for leave twice in a row and transferred from one battalion to another. 10 month, Chen: Torsion suppression is invalid, and it is difficult to recover quickly. Please open the vacancy of co-hosting university and governor of Liangjiang. In February, 65438+, he was transferred back to the post of Governor of Liangjiang.

1867 (Tongzhi 6 years) 57 years old, in March, a shipyard under Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration tried to build a ship. At the same time, it is planned to establish a translation library. In May, together with Li Hongzhang, the General Administration of Jiangnan Manufacturing was moved from Hongkou to Gaochang Hall, and the scope of land acquisition was expanded and laws and regulations were greatly increased. In June, it was awarded the Tijen University Pavilion.

1868 (Tongzhi 7 years) Fifty-eight years old, in April, he was awarded a bachelor's degree in Wuyingdian. On May 3 1, I went to Shanghai to inspect Jiangnan Manufacturing General Administration. In August, he was ordered to be transferred to the governor of Zhili. In September, the first ship trial-produced by Jiangnan Shipyard sailed for Jiangning, and once boarded the ship for trial flight, it was named "Tianji". In February 65438, he arrived in Beijing and met Nala and Emperor Tongzhi.

1869 (Tongzhi 8 years), aged 59, played Chen Zhili on February 27th, focusing on training, closing the curtain and managing the river. In June, please reform the Zhili army according to the Xiang army system. In August, he wrote "Persuading Zhili Scholars", proposing that Confucianism has four branches: righteousness, textual research, classics and rhetoric, and righteousness is the foundation of academic research. In February, 65438, Chen said, "Zhili cleared the accumulated prison ... concluded and revoked more than 41,000 cases, most of which turned into dust."

1870 (9 years of tongzhi) 60 years old in April, liver disease became more and more serious, and his right eye was completely blind. Take a sick leave in January. May and January. In June, Tianjin religious plan happened and was ordered to deal with it. Arrive in Tianjin 1 1 in July. Ordered to reveal the truth about Jin Min. On 23rd, the French minister Luo came to see him, demanding the killing of Tianjin Taoist priest, magistrate and magistrate who were French consuls, and threatening to go to war. Zeng Guofan sternly refused. On the 24 th, Chen: I dug my eyes and cut my heart. There is no evidence at all; People's livelihood in Tianjin is full of energy, and everything happens for a reason. "In August, playing Chen: Nine criminals have been arrested in this case, but Luo wants to" negotiate with three people ",which is difficult to allow. In fact, the government and the county have no greater responsibility, and it is a matter of light emotion and heavy law than sending it to the punishment department. In September, Ma Xinyi, the governor of Liangjiang, was assassinated, Zeng Guofan was transferred to two governors, and Li Hongzhang added the governor of Zhili. 10 June 17, set off south. 165438+1on October 3rd, the 60th birthday, was given a "tribute to the pillars" plaque. On the 24th, writers have four lessons every day: First, read carefully, and you will feel at ease; Second, you will be strong if you are respectful; Third, you will be kind. Fourth, you will be respected if you study hard.

187 1 year (tongzhi 10 year) 6 1 year 19 August, Li Hongzhang co-signed the performance "The First Discount on Choosing Children to Study Abroad". In September, inspect the defense and training of amphibious battalion. 165438+/kloc-0 arrived in Shanghai in October, and held a banquet in Shanghai on 23rd to celebrate 6 1 birthday.

1872 (tongzhi11) On February 27th, 62, the leaders called for the implementation of "sending left-behind students" as soon as possible. He also proposed to set up an "Office for Overseas Students from China" in the United States, and recommended Chen Lanbin and Yung Wing as the chairman and vice-chairman to be permanently managed in the United States. Set up an overseas education bureau for children in Shanghai, and recommend Liu Hanqing's Selected Works of the Shanghai Bureau of the Premier. March 1 day, my feet were numb and my tongue could not speak. On the afternoon of March 12, I went for a walk in Xixi Garden, and suddenly my feet went numb. Ceng Jize helped me back to the study, sat for three minutes and died. It was the month when the Qing court heard the obituary and retired for three days. Posthumous title Shi. On June 25th, the coffin arrived in Changsha. /kloc-buried in jinpenling outside the south gate of Changsha in July, 0/9. In February 65438 and March 65438 of the following year, he was reburied in Fulongshan, Pingtang, Xiangxi, Huashan County (now Wangcheng County). Buried with his wife Ouyang.