Yuyao plum cultivation technology

One, the technical requirements before planting

Yangmei seedlings planted good or bad directly affect the planting of the survival, the results of the early and late and the yield of high and low. Currently planting prunes are grafted bag seedlings, expanding the planting hole, improve the soil, increase the application of organic fertilizers, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, cut 3-4 years after the beginning of the fruit.

1, the digging of planting pit conditions can first open up the terraces and then dig planting pit (pond), planting pit requires a depth of 80 centimeters diameter of 80 centimeters, pay attention to the topsoil and subsoil when digging pits and subsoil piled up on one side, backfill can be filled with topsoil and then fill the subsoil. Digging pits can be set two months before the seedling dug, after several months of weathering to play the role of soil improvement. Before planting, put in the appropriate amount of farmyard manure, or add 300 grams of calcium at the same time and fine soil mixing and stirring evenly before filling the topsoil.

2, planting density should be based on environmental conditions, soil fertility, species characteristics to determine. If the environment is small, the climate is suitable, the soil layer is deep, soil fertility enough sites can be planted sparsely, row spacing can be between 4 × 5 meters, mu planted 33 plants. General hillside, good ventilation and light, shallow soil, poor soil, plant spacing 3 × 4 meters, mu planted 55 plants.

3, planting period Generally in December to the next year, the first half of January planting is ideal.

Two, seedling planting

Planned before planting to fix the wounded root, cut off the top shoots, cut off two-thirds of the leaves of the plant, leaving the rhizome of the old mature leaves. Seedling planting stabilization, and then dug around the seedling in the middle of a low around the high, about 50 cm in diameter of the small pond, for watering. Then in the small pond covered with film, the film in the middle of a small hole, surrounded by soil compaction, cover the film so that the small pond into a funnel shape, watering water can be directly in the middle of a small hole in the root of the seedlings seepage. According to the recent years cover film and do not cover the film comparison, cover film survival rate is higher than not cover film, germination is earlier than not cover film. General seedlings planted slightly higher than the native, to be rained on loose soil sinking after the basic and native level.

Three, soil management

In order to early results, early yield, improve economic efficiency, it is necessary to use scientific cultivation management methods.

1, plowing and weeding Young prunes grow slowly, it is difficult to compete with weeds, moderate loosening and weeding is beneficial to plant growth. The second year after planting began to deep-turning and expanding ponds, loosening and expanding ponds will be shoveled out of the firewood and grass cover and topsoil, such as dry buried in the soil. Yangmei garden plowing and weeding 2 to 3 times during the year is appropriate.

2, fertilization management

(1) new cut prunes, the first year in the new tops did not age before the available growth regulator appropriate amount of extra-root spraying, to promote the young leaves and shoots turn green and mature.

(2) Yangmei is an evergreen fruit tree, in the inter-root fertilization at the same time, combined with extra-root foliar fertilization, the effect will appear better.

3, the rational application of water In the flowering season, if the high temperature and no rain, the lack of water on the surface, the air temperature is too low, will inevitably cause a lot of blossom drop, April to May, is the period of expansion and maturity of the fruit of Yangmei, the water requirements are very urgent, should pay attention to irrigation. However, between August and December is the plum flower buds continue to differentiate and bud enlargement period, if the rain is too abundant, will cause autumn piggyback futile, affecting bud differentiation and growth, so in this season to take appropriate fertilizer and water control, to promote bud differentiation and healthy growth.

4, intercropping and soil improvement in the young period of prunus, tree crown and root distribution is not extensive, can be utilized to intercrop other crops in the gap between plants. But the intercropping should not be close to the plant, otherwise it will affect the growth of prunus. Yangmei Park varieties can choose short crops appropriate, such as beans in the soybean, mung beans, beans, etc.; between the crop harvest, the remaining roots, stems, leaves, etc. can be covered on the surface, to be sun-dried and buried deep in the soil, which can increase the soil organic matter, change the physical properties of the soil.

Four, plastic pruning

Pruning methods and techniques ① thinning deletion: is the branch, branch or branch group at its base to delete. For the over-exuberant, too dense, pests and diseases, such as the use of this method. ② retraction: is the lateral branches, nutrient branches, etc. in its top part of the cut. Such as long nutrient branches, long branches, injury techniques. ③ short cut: is a large branch, lateral branches, overgrowth of most of its cut off, leaving a shorter section to cultivate more branches, but young trees short cut pruning is to promote more new shoots, expanding the growth of the crown. Pruning should be a total view of the whole tree, which method of pruning, or not cut, cut to cut large branches after cutting twigs, first periphery after the steps of the inner hall in order to carry out, not repeated or chrome cut.

Yangmei is an evergreen fruit tree, in addition to the flowering period to fruit ripe not pruning, the rest of the time can be pruning, but the best period is the fruit harvesting of a month after the time, this period of pruning is conducive to the growth of the tree, and is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds.

Cultivated prune tree crowns are more open, after hanging fruit after the crowns are more decentralized, the amount of pruning is very small, in addition to cleaning up disease and insect branches, injured branches, most do not need complex pruning. Therefore, pruning of prunes is not as important as deciduous fruit trees such as apples, pears, wines, etc., as long as the combination of good fertilizer management, pest control, the implementation of integrated management, to give play to the strengths of each will complement each other