Help me introduce the origin and history of the Tibetan people

The Tibetan nation is an ancient people with a long history of hard work, bravery and wisdom. Many archaeological excavations in Tibet have fully demonstrated that there were human beings living on this vast land 20,000 years ago and experiencing the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras, and they are the ancestors of today's Tibetan nation.

Like other ancient peoples, in the process of their initial development, with the understanding of nature, productivity slowly increased, and gradually formed a number of tribes, including the Yalong tribe in the Shannan region of Tibet, the fastest growing, the Tibetans believe in the legend of "monkeys turn into people" was born here.

When it comes to the question of the origin of the Tibetan people, it is necessary to mention several legends related to the origin of the Tibetan people. About the Tibetan people's ancestral existence of the formation of the legend, the most famous when pushed to "the legend of the sea into the mulberry fields": in the early days, this is a boundless sea, the waves rolled up the waves, beat the coast full of pine, hemlock and palm, issued a clattering sound. Above the forest, the mountains were covered with green mountains and clouds; inside the forest, there were all kinds of exotic flowers and grasses; herds of spotted deer and antelope were running; groups of rhinoceros, with a lumbering pace, were leisurely drinking by the lake; cuckoos, paintbrushes, and larks were jumping around in the treetops, happily singing melodious songs; rabbits were running carefree in the green and lush meadows... ...What a tantalizing picture of peace and stability! One day, a huge five-headed poisonous dragon suddenly came to the sea, messing up the forest and stirring up ten thousand waves, destroying the flowers and trees. The birds and animals living here all sensed the approaching disaster. They jumped to the east, the east side of the forest toppled, the grass flooded; they also surged to the west, the west is also a violent waves, hit who can not breathe, just when the birds and beasts are desperate, suddenly, the sea over the sky drifted five colorful clouds, into the five Department of Wisdom of the Air Mother, they came to the sea, the infinite power, subdued the five poisonous dragons. The demons were vanquished and the sea was calm. The deer, antelope, monkeys, rabbits and birds living here paid homage to the fairies and thanked them for saving their lives. The nymphs wanted to take their leave and return to Heaven, but the beings begged them to stay here for the benefit of all beings. So the five fairies agreed to stay and enjoy a peaceful day with the living beings. The five nymphs ordered the sea to recede, so that the east side became a dense forest, the west side was ten thousand hectares of fertile land, the south side was a garden of flowers and plants, and the north side was a boundless pasture. The five nymphs, into the Himalayas, the five main peaks, namely: Xiangshou Xiannian peak, Cuiyen Xiannian peak, Zhenhui Xiannian peak, Guan Yong Xiannian peak, Shi Ren Xiannian peak, standing in the southwestern edge of the above, guarding the happy paradise; that the first of the Cuiyen Xiannian peak is the Mount Everest, she is the world's tallest peak today, the local people are warmly referred to as the "Goddess of the Peak! "

West China

Tibetan plateau by the sea into, has been more and more scientific research, discovery proved. However, the high source is not formed overnight, but rather slowly changing, only in recent millions of years of crustal changes, only to make the high source of uplift rise sharply. Recent years on the Himalayas, the main peak of Mount Everest, proved that the plateau is still rising, the rate of rise in the history of the earth's salvation is amazing, but only one or two centimeters a year.

The Zang nation has always believed in this myth of the origin of the Tibetan race: according to legend, the Guan Shiyin Bodhisattva of Mount Putuo, to a macaque monkey by the gods to the precepts, and ordered it from the South China Sea to the snowy plateau of Tibet to practice. When the macaque came to a cave in the Yalong Valley to practise compassion and bodhicitta, a female demon tried to seduce it by saying, "Let's unite the two of us!" The macaque replied, "I am a disciple of the Goddess of Mercy and have been ordered to come here to practice. If I were to unite with you, it would break my precepts." The female demon said, "If you do not unite with me, I will have to kill myself. Because I was destined to be a demon in my previous life, you and I will not become a loving couple, and I will surely become a demon's wife in the future and give birth to countless demon children and grandchildren. At that time, the Snowy Plateau will become a devil's world, and thousands of living beings will be brutalized. Therefore, I hope you will agree to my request." Marrying a female demon would break the precepts, and if he did not unite with a woman demon he would cause great evil. Internally conflicted, the rhesus monkey returned to Mount Putuo and asked Guan Shiyin Bodhisattva for advice. Goddess of Mercy said, "This is the will of Heaven, an auspicious omen. It is a great good deed for you to unite with her and multiply offspring in the snowy plateau. As a Bodhisattva, you should see the good and act courageously, and quickly marry the demoness." The macaque and the demoness were mated and gave birth to six young monkeys, each with different temperaments and preferences, who lived in the fruit forests in search of their own food. three years later, when the macaque went to visit his children, he found that they had already multiplied to 500, and that the fruit in the forests was about to be depleted, making their lives miserable. The old macaque returned to Mount Putuo to seek help from Guanyin Bodhisattva, and following the sage's order, he took the natural seeds of the five grains from Mount Sumeru and sowed them on the earth, which was filled with all kinds of grains without being plowed. Monkeys because they get enough food, tail slowly become shorter, can also talk, gradually become human, which is the first people on the snowy plateau. Legends are legends, but the ancient legends can coincide with Darwin's apes and monkeys into human evolution, can not be said to be a miracle.

Relating to the recent history of the survival and development of the Tibetan people, it is said that one day in 237 B.C., the herdsmen of the Yalong Valley in Zangtang Koshi found a handsome intelligent young man, whose speech and behavior were different from those of the local indigenous people, and the herdsmen went back to the settlement to ask for instructions on how to dispose of the young man. The elders sent twelve intelligent Benjaminists up the mountain to ask the young man where he had come from. When the young man pointed his finger to the sky, the elders and the followers thought that the young man had come from the sky and was the "son of the God of Heaven", and they were very happy. The leader of the 12 men stretched his neck, made a palanquin for the "son of the God of Heaven", and carried him back to the tribe and deified him, saying that he was the son of the God of Heaven, who was the god of the world of color. Divinization, saying that he is the color world 13th generation of light son of heaven down to earth, one to embrace him as the tribal leader. People honored him as "Nie Chi Zangpo". In Tibetan, "Nie" is the meaning of the neck, "red" is the throne, "Zangpo" is the king of martial arts. Because he is carried by the herdsman on the neck to invite back, it is called "with the neck as the throne of the hero". Nie Chi Zang Pu is the first leader of the Tubo tribe, Nie Chi Zang Pu unified the Yalong tribe, and built the first palace - Yongbrakang, Yongbrakang is located 140 kilometers from Lhasa, NaiDong County, Zedang town southeast of not far from the Yalong River Valley on the hillock. This building without any luxury to speak of named "Yongbrakang", "Yong" is the mother of honor, "cloth" is a child, "Lakang "for the temple, so it can be called" mother and child Palace ". Yongbrakang smaller scale, it towers over the hill, face west and stand, the front part of a three-story building, the rear is a bunker form of high-rise buildings. Niechi Zangpo became the first tribal chief in the history of Tibet.

From the first Zangpo to the fifth century A.D. about nearly a thousand years of time, the rapid development of Tibetan agriculture and animal husbandry economy and mastered the smelting technology of copper, silver, iron and so on. In the meantime, the primitive Tibetan religion of B?n Buddhism occupied the ideological realm of Tibet. Early B?n Buddhism was similar to shamanism, worshipping nature and believing that everything had a spirit, and taking rituals, divination, and disaster avoidance as the main forms of religion. At that time, when productivity was very low, B?n Buddhism was very popular and played a great role in the ruling class. In the twenty-eighth generation of Zanpur Rato Tuozhizan period, Buddhism began to be imported into the Tubo, due to the strong power of the benzene group, Buddhism was only imported not to spread and develop. It was not until the thirty-second generation of Zangpo Songtsen Gampo united the whole of Tibet and established the first Tubo dynasty that Tibet entered a new stage in the development of civilization and history.

Especially in recent years, archaeological excavations in Tibet have provided a great deal of evidence for the origin of the Tibetan people. In particular, the discovery of the Karuo site is of great significance. The Karuo site is located 12 kilometers south of Chamdo in Tibet and was discovered in 1977. It is on a triangular secondary terrace near Karuo, west of the Lancang River, at an altitude of 3,100 meters. It is one of the highest elevation Neolithic sites that have been excavated in China. Two excavations *** obtained 28 housing sites, 7968 stone tools, 366 bone tools, more than 20,000 pieces of pottery, 50 pieces of decorations, as well as corn, animal bones and so on. Kaji site by radiocarbon identification, the age of four or five thousand years ago. The primitive culture it represents has a strong local color. Firstly, in terms of production tools, the site shows all the characteristics of the Neolithic Age, but it is still the coexistence of beaten stone tools, fine stone tools and ground stone tools, with beaten stone tools accounting for the majority. Secondly, in terms of pottery, the ceramics are sandwiched and handmade. The decorations are mainly engraved patterns, conical patterns and additional stacked patterns. The basic combination of vessel shapes are jars, pots and bowls, all of which are small flat-bottomed vessels. Once again, in terms of architecture, a large number of stones were used as raw materials, such as stone-walled houses, stone-built roads, national stone platforms, stone enclosures, and so on.

These features of the Karuo site indicate that the Karuo culture is a representative culture of the Neolithic Age on the Tibetan Plateau. In the past, the old stone tools found in Suje, Shenzha County, Luling, Rishang County, Zabu, Pulan County, Hall, etc., the fine stone tools found in Nagchu, Shenzha, Shuanghu, Bango, Nyalam, Ritu, etc., and the Neolithic cultures in Linzhi, Murtuo, as well as the Neolithic cultures found in Lhasa, Zada, Naidong, and Xiao-Enda, etc., all share similarities with the Karuo culture of Chandu, and seem to be connected with or influenced by the Karuo culture in some way. Some influences.

The Karuo culture was not an isolated primitive culture on the Tibetan plateau, but was more or less related to the primitive cultures of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Some beaten stone tools have been found in the loess deposits of the Yalong and Dadu River basins to the east, and cultures such as the Majiayao and the Banshan Mafang existed in Gansu and Qinghai to the north, between 4,000 and 5,000 years before the present. There seems to have been close ancient cultural exchanges between Kabuto and these two neighboring regions. In terms of stone tools, the disk-shaped percussion tools of the Kachu culture are found at the Sibatan, Yongjing Dahezhuang, and Jiuquan Xiheqing Mafang type sites in Gansu. Cutting tools are found in the Majiayao culture sites such as Luohantang and Qijiaping near Lanzhou. Fine stone tools and ground stone tools are likewise found in Neolithic culture sites in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. As for the early Karuo culture, the round and square half-cave houses, treated red-burnt earth walls and living surfaces belong to the Majiayao culture traditions and living forms in Gansu and Qinghai. The corn found at the Karuo site belongs to the traditional crops of the Yellow River Basin, which are drought-resistant and less cultivated in the south. The corn of the Karuo culture is likely to have spread from the Majiali culture.

The excavation of the Karuo site is of epoch-making significance for the study of the primitive culture of Tibet, and provides detailed information on the ancestral origin of Tibetans. It shows that the people of the Qiang system who came south from Hehuang only constituted a part of the Tibetan forefathers, but only a part of those who joined the fusion later. In fact, as early as the Paleolithic Age, Tibet was inhabited by primitive people. Ka Ruo site excavation information shows that the Tibetan plateau since ancient times, there are human beings in this place to reproduce, living, to develop this vast land.