Who knows the profile of Mr. Fu Shan?

The end of the Ming and early Qing dynasties, is located in the hinterland of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan Province, Yangqu County (now Taiyuan City), out of an art and versatility, the importance of temperament, thinking, aspirations of the famous figure. His life, not in the official records, and even specializing in the local history of the county records, county records, also see only a few words. However, his reputation and influence is quite large, quite deep, it is no exaggeration to say, in Taiyuan area and even the land of Sanjin is almost a household name, women and children know, quite popular with the people. In the whole of Shanxi and even the whole country is also known as the fame, piao handle in the future. He is the Ming and Qing dynasties, Fu Shan - Fu Qingzhu.

Fu Shan (1607--1684 years), the word Qingzhu, later changed to the Lord of the Green, aliases, such as the public it, the public of it, Zhuyi Taoist, stone Taoist, Scrooge House, Qiaohuang, Qiaosong, and so on, and so on. His ancestors lived in Datong, then migrated to Xinzhou, until his great-grandfather Fu Chaoxuan moved to Taiyuan Yangqu (now the northern suburbs of Taiyuan) West Village.

Fu Shan lineage of officials and eunuchs from the family of books, family learning, the ancestors of seven or eight consecutive generations of the rule of the son or "Zuo Zhuan", "Han Shu", outstanding family. Great-grandfather Fu Chaoxuan was Ninghua House Yibin, Chengmulang, grandfather Fu Lin recruited Shandong Counselor, Liaohai military preparation, quite a political achievement, his father Fu Zimu life not to serve, good at governance. When Fu Shan was young, he was educated by a strict family, he had a good knowledge and memory, he could recite the books for several times, and at the age of 15, he made up for the doctor's disciples, and at the age of 2O, he tried to get a higher granary ration. Later, he studied in Sanli Academy, and was guided and taught by Yuan Jixian, a scholar from Shanxi, who was one of Yuan's favored disciples.

Yuan Jixian, is the end of the Ming Dynasty, the sea is well known to the candid minister, mentioning the school of Shanxi, "legislation is strict but the intention of the spirit of the purpose of the broad", rectify the Sanli Academy school style, not confined to one pattern, the selection of talent. He attached great importance to the education of articles and temperament, which had a profound influence on Fu Shan, who was also honored by Yuan's disciples for his excellent studies and temperament. Yuan Jixian was in the military for the Ministry of War, because the official clean, straightforward, outspoken, offended the powerful Wei Zhongxian stream, was relegated to the Shanxi school. Chongzhen nine years (1636), Wei Zhongxian dead party of Shanxi, Zhang Sun Zhen, fabricated charges of false accusations of Yuan Jixian, trapped in the capital prison, Fu Shan for Yuan, and Xue Zongzhou liaison with more than a hundred students, a joint petition, walking to the capital for Yuan petition for redress of grievances. He led the students in the capital of Beijing issued posters around, affirming the truth, and twice to testify. After seven or eight months of struggle, so that Yuan Jixian injustice to be clear, the official resumed Wuchang Road. Yuan Jixian snow day, Wei Zhongxian's pawns - Zhang Sunzhen, also to the crime of false accusations by the punishment of banishment. The victory of this struggle, shaking the whole country, Fu Shan received high honor and praise, famous Beijing and even the whole country.

After the end of the Yuan case, Fu Shan returned to Taiyuan. He has no intention of official career, looking for a temple in the northwest of the city, set up as a bookstore, attentively Boji books, in addition to the scriptures, son, history, collection, and even the Buddhist scriptures, Taoist scriptures are carefully read, mastered a wealth of knowledge. Chongzhen sixteen years (1643), Fu Shan was employed in Sanli Academy lectures. A few years, Li Zicheng rebel army into Taiyuan, Fu Shan accompanied his mother in Pingding Jiashan. Soon after, the rebel army and the Qing army successively captured Beijing, and the Ming Dynasty died. Upon hearing the news, Fu Shan wrote a sad poem, "It is difficult to write a letter to the country, and I have to escape according to my family's order". In order to show resistance to the Qing court shaved his hair, he worshiped Shouyang Wufeng Mountain Taoist Guo Jingzhong as a teacher and became a Taoist, Taoist name "Zhenshan". Because he wore a red robe, he called himself "Zhuyi Daoren", alias "Shi Daoren". Zhu Yi, Zhu clothes, implying nostalgia for the death of the Ming Dynasty; Stone Road, such as the stone of the firm, meaning that will not yield to the Qing Dynasty. Visible, Fu Shan monk is not from the heart, but as their own loyalty to the emperor and love of the country, the Qing dynasty to restore the support and cover.

The Qing army into the capital of Beijing at the beginning of the national tide of resistance to the Ching Dynasty, the momentum is quite high, Fu Shan longing for the growing strength of the Southern Ming Dynasty, as soon as possible, north to expel the Qing Dynasty to restore the Ming Dynasty, and actively with the King of Gui sent to the Shanxi general military officer Song Qian contact, plotting, planning, and accumulating strength, initially scheduled for the eleventh year of the Shunzhi (1654 years) on the fifteenth day of the three March from the Wuan five Kap Town, Henan Province, the development of the force to the north. However, the plan was not well thought out, and soon after Song Qian traveled to Wuan, he was captured by the Qing army and gave up Fu Shan. Fu Shan was arrested and detained in Taiyuan Prison. During the detention period, Fu Shan denied any political relationship with Song Qian, and even after being tortured, he only said that Song had asked him to cure him, but he was refused, so he held a grudge. A year later, the Qing court shall not Fu Shan confession, so to "Fu Shan indeed false reports, according to forgive" the sentence, he will be released.

After Fu Shan was released from prison, his anti-Qing intentions remained unchanged. About fourteen to sixteen years in the Shunzhi, had been south of the Jianghuai see understand the anti-Qing situation. When it is clear that the Qing Dynasty is becoming more consolidated, the restoration of the Ming Dynasty, so returned to Taiyuan, living in the suburbs of the city, self-proclaimed Qiaogong, those "Songqiao", "Qiaohuang" alias was taken after the implication of the death of Ming Dynasty, their own country has no home, but just to be a guest everywhere. His poem "Taiyuan people as Taiyuan Qiao" is a reflection of this painful mood. Kangxi two years (1663), participated in the southern Ming regime of Kunshan Gu Yanwu search for heroes and heroines, to Taiyuan to find Fu Shan, the two share the same interest in anti-Qing Dynasty, as comrades, since then they have been very close. They agreed to organize the ticket, as the anti-Qing economic institutions. After Fu Shan and successively with Shen Hanguang, Sun Qifeng, Li Yindu, Qu Dajun, and Wang Xianzuo, Yan Ruoqu and other insist on anti-Qing position of the celebrities and scholars, have many contacts. In particular, Yan Ermei, who had led the uprising in Shandong, also came to Taiyuan to meet with Fu Shan and made an "alliance of cold years" with Fu Shan. Wang Xianzuo see Fu Shan often live in the kiln, especially for him to buy a house, that is, today's Taiyuan Fujiaxiang four courtyard.

The beginning of the Qing Dynasty, in order to win the hearts and minds of the people, in addition to the anti-Qing consciousness of the old remnants of the Ming Dynasty, the brilliant Kangxi Emperor in the Qing Dynasty government is increasingly consolidated in the seventeenth year of the Kangxi Emperor (1678) issued a decree to the world, so that the officials of the third grade and above recommend "learning and behavioral excellence, excellent words," "the United States will be pro-examined for employment! ". Li Zongkong, Liu Peixian recommended Fu Shan should be erudite macro-phrase test. Fu Shan said he was sick, Yangqu County Dai Meng Xiong was ordered to urge driving, forcing Fu Shan recruited to Beijing. To Beijing, Fu Shan continued to claim illness, bedridden. The Qing court chancellor Feng Pu and a cadre of Manchu and Han dignitaries grand courtesy, many times to visit the persuasion, Fu Shan leaning on the bed to sit blandly. He refused to participate in the examination of both illness, and in the emperor's thinking to be exempted from the examination, awarded the "Cabinet of Ministers'" position is still not kowtow to thank you. Emperor Kangxi in the face of the Fu Shan so not annoyed, but said to "superiority," the Imperial Decree "Fu Shan literature is outstanding, the idea of its age, specially authorized Cabinet Secretary, with the local officials inquired about."

Fu Shan by the Beijing return and, after the local officials heard the news to visit, and to the Cabinet of Ministers called. In this regard, Fu Shan bowed his head and closed his eyes without saying anything, not to be taken seriously. Yangqu county magistrate Dai was ordered to hang "Fengge Pulin" plaque at the head of his home, Fu Shan refused to be rude. He still called himself a citizen, living in the countryside, with the government as if fire and water, showing his "high winds of Shang Zhi, between the stone" character and temperament.

In academic and scholarly thought, Fu Shan's learned articles, are tracking the progressive thinking, especially in the first half of the Ming Dynasty when the end of the death of his ideas with a strong tendency to progress, do not pay attention to the tendency of scholars at the time of the heavy science. He praised the new spirit of revolution, was regarded by the Ming rulers as a flood of Li Zhi academic thought and Liu Chenweng, Yang Shen, Zhong Xing and other section of the high and low of the scholar's literary style. The political corruption of the late Ming Dynasty, the official nasty, is a clear understanding. After the Qing army into the Ming dynasty fell, Fu Shan a reverse of the early Qing dynasty general scholars to the study of economics as the center of the scope of the study, but a unique way to study the sub-studies, breaking through the Song and Ming since the heavy reasoning of the restraints, opened up a new field of academic research, and became the Qing dynasty after the study of the Zu Zi's founding fathers. As for Fu Shan's poems and fugues, he inherited the tradition of patriotism since Qu Yuan and Du Fu, and advocated that poems and writings should be "born of temperament", and whether it is beneficial to the country and the nation as a measure. Fu Shan wrote a lot in his life, but unfortunately, most of the grand theories, most of the lost, only the name of the book and the name of the chapter, survived in the world only "frost red niche set" and "two Han people rhyme" two.

In poetry, literature, calligraphy and painting, Fu Shan are good at learning, deep attainments. The wide field of knowledge and the great achievements, in the early Qing Dynasty, among the Confucian scholars, there is no one better. Fu Shan's calligraphy was honored as "the first writer of the early Qing Dynasty". His calligraphy was out of Yan Zhenqing, and he summarized the experience of "preferring clumsiness to cleverness, ugliness to charm, detachment to slipperiness, and straightforwardness to arrangement". His paintings also reached a very high artistic level, painted landscapes, plums, orchids, bamboos, etc., are exquisite, was listed in the list of escapes. Painting Record" said: "Fu Qing master painting landscape, not much chapped, gullies and ravines lei ke, to bone victory, ink bamboo also have gas." His words and paintings are permeated with his own character and noble temperament, overflowing with patriotism, in the Chinese classical art of painting and calligraphy, won the posterity of the highly appreciated.

Fu Shan in medicine, also has great achievements. He internal medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, surgery, subject have a high level of skill, and especially gynecology for the most. His medical book "Fu's female science", "the green bag secret", has been passed down to the world, for the benefit of people. Fu Shan very important medical ethics, treating patients without regard to rich and poor, equal treatment, in the same situation, the priority of the poor. For those who come to seek medical treatment of the rich or officials with a bad reputation, they politely declined. To this he explained: "" good people harm good disease, have a good doctor and good medicine, high and cool people can not cure; Hu people harm Hu disease, have a Hu doctor and Hu medicine, serious people can not cure."

Fu Shan, as an intellectual in the feudal society, his life everywhere in the fighting spirit of perseverance. His kind of "rich and noble can not be obscene, poor and lowly can not be shifted, the mighty can not be bent" character and temperament, not worthy of the "Zhishe Renren" evaluation. However, due to the limitations of the times and the orthodox thinking of the obstruction, his patriotism is mixed with a strong feudal orthodoxy; his nationalism is always branded with the brand of Han Chinese nationalism, which should be caused by today's scholars and researchers to pay attention to.

The twenty-third year of the Kangxi (1684), Fu Shan's favorite son Fu Mei suddenly died, more and more old into the wind and candles of Fu Shan's grief was abnormal, no longer can not withstand such a blow, not long after the death of the world, and the world, at the age of 77 years old.