What is the principle of building block splicing of tenon and mortise in China? What are the tenon and mortise structures?

As a country with a long history, China has inherited many game cultures, and architecture is one of them. Some buildings have been passed down for hundreds of years and are still strong. These are our outstanding historical and cultural heritages. Due to the limitation of the times, the buildings at that time mainly used stones and trees. In order to make the building structure more stable, people invented tenon and mortise, and tenon and mortise structure is still widely used. Let's take a look at the splicing principle and structure of tenon and mortise:

The splicing principle of tenon-mortise building blocks is frequently used in our life, especially in the modern building blocks, which make full use of tenon-mortise structure. Tenon and mortise are two parts connected in a concave-convex way, and the protruding part is called mortise. The principle is to use the concave-convex combination and the ingenious combination of height and length to effectively limit the distortion between objects. This splicing principle allows thin parts to be combined together to bear pressure as a whole. This combination is not a personal strength, but a combination of mutual support and strength.

Tenon and mortise structures can be divided into three types.

The tenon-mortise structure appeared very early and didn't mature until the Han Dynasty, so it was widely used in southern China. Through-bucket type is to distribute columns in a deeper direction. The whole column is small and dense, and the building does not need beams. The advantages of using the bucket type are less materials and less wind resistance, while the disadvantages are small indoor space.

Rear lintel structure

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the structure of the Falcon was mature, and it was mainly used in the north. The beam lifting structure is mainly to put beams on the columns, erect melon columns on the beams, and put short beams. At the top, the ridge melon columns form a roof truss. The advantage of this structure is that there are few columns in the indoor space, so it also forms a unique heroic style in the north. The disadvantage is that beams and columns consume more wood.

Dry well type

Well-done mortise and tenon structure is rare in ordinary people, but it is very common in costume dramas. She chisels the ends of logs or semi-logs into tenons, combines them into rectangular wooden frames, and then overlaps them to form layers of walls, which is the wooden load-bearing wall. It consumes more materials than the other two structures, and is also limited by the length of wood, so it is not widely used.