A brief description of the stages of development, characteristics and trends of Western administrative science

Since the creation of the state, there has been administration but it was not until the end of the 19th century that it began to take shape as a discipline. It has gone through the following three periods of development:

1. Traditional management period

From the late 19th century to the 1920s. German scholar L.von Stein first proposed the term "administrative science". 1887 American scholar I.W. Wilson published an article on the study of administrative science. 1900 American administrative scientist F.J. Goodenough put forward the idea of separating politics and administration. 1926 American scholar L.D. White made a systematic discussion of the main contents of the study of administrative science. In 1926, the American scholar L.D. White made a systematic discussion of the main contents of the study of administrative science, and began to form the system of administrative science.

Early administrative science to study the administrative efficiency of the government and save money as the goal, its content includes: advocating the separation of politics and administration, the realization of the organization of the systematic, working methods of procedural, institutional affairs planning, standardization of work requirements, etc., in order to achieve the separation of powers and responsibilities, the pursuit of effectiveness.

2. Scientific management period

The content of administration was constantly updated in the 20s and 50s due to the introduction of theories and methods of scientific management and behavioral science. Based on F.W. Taylor's theory of scientific management, many administrative scientists adopted the method of breaking down the objectives into several levels of small goals and establishing a reasonable organizational structure for the realization of each goal. The use of scientific procedures and working methods, so that the administrative work can also be like industrial production flow operation, planned and step by step. Behavioral science has prompted the administrative science to turn to the sociological, psychological, anthropological point of view of human behavior and psychological factors and the relationship between human beings and the surrounding environment, and pay attention to stimulate the positive factors of human beings.

3. Systematic Management Period

From the 1950s onward, there were many new developments in administrative management. Many administrative scientists since the 1940s, the emergence of information theory, cybernetics, operations research and other theories and methods used in the study of administrative management at the same time, because of the administrative management involves more and more, need to consider more and more factors, the need for administrative management as a system to study.