Analyze the characteristics (advantages and disadvantages) of representative residential houses in various places

I've seen that spacious courtyard, the majestic courtyard, have seen that shape as a mushroom, beautiful and beautiful Hani mushroom room, but also saw that dignified and solid, simple and rugged Tibetan watchtower. But I left the deepest impression of the northern Shaanxi kilns and Qiang towers.

Shaanxi kiln

In a long, long time ago, the wind brought the loess from far away to the north of Shaanxi, creating this golden and vast land. In this land, lived simple people, they live in the house is today I want to introduce you to ---- the northern Shaanxi kiln cave.

This kind of kiln is usually repaired on the hillside facing south. Facing the sun, being leaning against the mountain. The door is facing the open area with few trees to cover it. There are usually only three to five kilns in a courtyard. The center is the main kiln, the two sides often put miscellaneous goods or small rooms, but also can store food.

Inside the kiln, there are stoves and pots on the inside. At the head of the cave, there is a kang (earthen floor). There is a hole in the center of the kang to make a fire so that you won't feel cold in winter. This kind of kiln is also very cool in summer, so it is really warm in winter and cool in summer!

Qiang towers

Qiang is an ethnic minority in Sichuan, their unique residential is ---- towers.

In the Qiang language, towers are known as "Dengcang", meaning beautiful, noble house

Qiang people have "living on the mountain, base stone for the house, the height of more than ten feet" of the custom. Watchtower height of ten meters to thirty meters. Used for enemy protection, storage of food and firewood. Qiang dwellings are made of stone, flat-roofed houses, square. Most of them are three-storey, with each storey about three to four meters high. There is a strong traditional folk culture.

In short, each ethnic group has their own characteristics, different cultures, and different cultures create different folk dwellings. But I think they are all ancient and pure beauty!

8* The Habitat of Different Characteristics Original Text

The Hakka Habitat

In the mountains of southwest Fujian and northeast Guangdong, there are thousands of rounded huts or earthen buildings, which are known as the "wonders of the world's houses" of the Hakka Habitat

The Hakka people moved to the south in the ancient times from the prosperous areas of the Central Plains.

The Hakka people moved from the prosperous Central Plains to the south in ancient times, and most of their residences were in remote and remote mountainous areas. In order to prevent harassment by bandits and ostracism by the locals, they built barracks-type dwellings, mixing lime on the way, using glutinous rice and egg whites as binders, and bamboo and wood as sinews and bones, and rammed up earthen buildings with walls 1 meter thick and more than 15 meters high. Most of them are 3 to 6-story buildings, one hundred to more than two hundred houses arranged in the shape of an orange petal, with an even and majestic layout. Most of them have a history of two to three hundred years or even five to six hundred years, and have withstood countless earthquakes, winds and rains, and artillery attacks without being hurt, showing the charm of traditional architecture and culture.

The Hakka ancestors worshiped the circle as a symbol of good luck, happiness and peace. Tulou round houses are arranged according to the gossip layout, trigrams and trigrams between the firewall, neat and tidy.

The Hakka people in the home, handling, treating people, and other aspects of the body, all reflecting the obvious cultural characteristics. For example, many houses are engraved with a couplet in block letters on the main door: "To carry on the ancestral virtue of diligence and thrift, and to inspire the children and grandchildren to read and cultivate", which expresses the hope of the ancestors that their children and grandchildren will live in harmony and be industrious and thrifty in their families.

The Hakka people's character of living in harmony and being industrious and thrifty is worth learning from, and the folk culture preserved in the Tulou makes people feel the depth and longevity of Chinese traditional culture.

The Daijia Bamboo Building

Stepping onto the land where the Daijia people live, you enter the world of green. As far as you can see, there are clumps of green bamboos and oil palm forests covering the sky. In the depths of the bamboo forest from time to time came the sound of chickens and dogs, but can not see the village, houses, obviously that a block of bamboo buildings are hidden in the thick green bamboo forest.

Bamboo buildings are the traditional form of construction of the Dai people. Dai people living area is located in the subtropical, high temperature, it is said that the bamboo building is conducive to prevent heat and moisture, therefore, the Dai family still maintains the habit of "more bamboo buildings, living by the water".

The Dai villages are composed of two to three hundred families, or one to twenty families, all of which are made up of chic bamboo buildings. The village is surrounded by protective forests. Each bamboo building is surrounded by a bamboo fence. Inside the hedge, all kinds of flowers, trees and fruits are planted. It can be said that "trees full of village, flowers full of garden". Under the bamboo building has a large open space for the yard. The whole bamboo building is square, divided into two floors, upstairs people, downstairs, generally for off livestock and stacking firewood with. The bamboo building is supported by twenty to twenty-four pillars. Inside the house, there are beams through the pillars. Some of the beams are carved with patterns. Seven or eight feet from the ground at the floor boards or bamboo scorn, the building is divided into two floors.

The roof of the house is covered with thatched grass rows or wooden pieces, but in recent years most of them have been replaced by tile roofs.

If you go to the Dai family as a guest, walk into the bamboo fence, climb up the wooden stairs, you will come to the corridor outside the house, the door, is a wide hall, the middle of a large piece of bamboo mat, which is the center of the family's activities, but also a place to entertain guests. On both sides are the bedrooms separated by wooden boards or bamboo gimlets, and outsiders are not allowed to enter. The structure of Daijia bamboo buildings is generally relatively simple, but very spacious, chic and beautiful, indoor ventilation is also very good, you sit indoors, only to feel the breeze, flowers and fruits fragrant.

The construction of bamboo buildings is a major event in the life of the Dai family. According to the traditional custom, we should first choose a good place, lay a good foundation, and then set up pillars and beams. The most important part of a bamboo building is the center column. Generally, there are eight pillars. Choosing the center pillar is a serious and solemn matter. When the center column is transported from the mountain into the village, everyone has to go to meet it and pour water to bless it. The Dai people also have a custom: when a family builds a house, the whole village helps. When a new building is completed, the ceremony of "erecting a bamboo building" will be held. At this time, the whole village flocked to the ceremony, which was as lively as a festival. At the same time, we also want to invite "Zanha" (singer) sing "congratulations on the new house" song, it is said that this can be auspicious, safe, prosperous family.

Yunnan Minority Houses<3>2007-02-08 03:33 Dai Minority Houses--Dry-rail Building The Dai Minority Houses are divided into three kinds of dry-rail buildings, ground buildings, and soil palm houses. The dry bar type building is mainly distributed in the whole territory of Xishuangbanna and Ruili of Dehong Prefecture, and Chai Fang Dam. Dry rail housing to bamboo art as a material, wood for the frame, bamboo for purlin, puisne, floor, wall, ladder, bar, etc., the parts of the connection with mortise and tenon and bamboo scorn tie, for a single building, each family into its own courtyard, the mansion has a small path to each other. The roof of the house is made of grass rows or hanging tiles. Ruili's dry-structure reflects a high level. Ground architecture is mainly used for Mangshi, Yingjiang and other places, for the earth wall cottage, due to the influence of the Han, is not the inherent form of Dai residence. Tupa houses, the main form of residence in the Red River Basin area, are widely distributed in the central and southeastern regions of Yunnan. The earth palm house with wooden beams and pillars and earth wall bearing soil flat roof, forming a rectangular or square, due to the terrain built two, three layers of earth building, layer by layer into the base, was stepped, with a patio, floor, the general family has more than ten houses, flat roof can be cool ?ti food or stacking farm equipment. The earth palm house is easy to build, warm in winter and cool in summer, especially suitable for the climate of the hot and dry river valley. Jinggu Dai people live in the earth and wood structure bungalow, the roof is not high, with thatch or tile roof. The house is divided into a center hall and two compartments on the left and right. In the center hall, there is a triangular fire pit, which is a place for cooking and meeting guests. The left compartment is the bedroom of elders and the right compartment is the bedroom of children. The Dai of Menglian are bamboo buildings with dry railings. Bai architecture -- "three rooms and a wall"

The Bai people's homes, due to the natural environment of each region and the technology of the water is different, creating a variety of housing forms. Alpine mountainous areas of the Bai people live in a single room or two connected "stacks of wooden houses" or "bamboo fence house". The Bai people in the dam area mostly live in tiled houses with earth and wood structures. The layout of the "three rooms and a wall" and "a positive two ears" or "four and five patio" and other forms, spacious courtyard, full of sunlight. Most people also have flower beds, planting camellia, pomegranate, hanging flowers, fragrant oak and other flowers and trees, flowers and plants Fenlao overflowing, a beautiful and comfortable environment. The Bai people attach great importance to the construction of the wall and the gatehouse. The wall is painted with white ash and inscribed by celebrities with "Ten Thousand Purple Dry Red", "The Rising Sun East is Different" or "Fortune", "Longevity" and other symbols of good luck. and other symbols of good luck. The surrounding walls are also painted with various landscapes, flowers, birds, insects and fish patterns, each corner of the decorations are very elaborate, giving a lively, even symmetry, harmony and beauty. The face is rich in unique style of the gatehouse, its architectural installation across the more pouring the artistic wisdom of the Bai people. Generally are overlapping arches, flying enameled string of corners, attached to clay, wood carving, stone carving, convex flower brick, marble and other combinations of three-dimensional patterns. Its beautiful shape, the structure of the rigorous, with the mainland pavilion Wanmei. Many of the door is by the money empty three layers of flowers, birds, insects, fish, people and other relief patterns are composed of, appearing Ling now transparent, delicate and beautiful. Some of the doors, partitions without a nail, only to chisel out the eye of the joints, but very strong and solid. All of these, are fully embodied in the Bai people have a high level of architectural art.

One of the characteristics of the Yi people's dwellings--Tudu Palm Room

In the Yi area, various places, various branches of the inheritance of the residence of the architectural form is a variety of, and with the local living customs are closely related to the village settlement to the address of the residence; from the room to the room to the stacking of goods; from the building structure to the beliefs and taboos, all show unique From the settlement of the village to the address of the residence; from the division of rooms to the stacking of articles; from the architectural structure to the beliefs and taboos of the folk house, all of them show the unique national flavor.

Features of Residence

Villages The Yi are a farming and herding nation, and the distribution and location of villages have their unique inheritance. Yi villages are located at an altitude of 2,000 to 3,000 meters in mountainous areas, semi-mountainous areas, along the gathering and living, generally choose the foothills of the sunny mountains, built along the mountain, to the mountainside, the majority of the mountain beams, the foot of the mountain, the valley area is less. Yuanyang County Records: "Yi people live in the magnificent mountains, rich in resources in the mountainous areas, villages based on the mountains, surrounded by terraced fields layer by layer, behind the village there are mountains for grazing, in front of the village there are fields available for cultivation, most villages have a ditch from which to flow through."

Folk dwellings in the southwest of China, the Yi ethnic group is widely distributed. Therefore, the types of their dwellings to adapt to the natural geographic environment and climatic conditions of different regions, or by the influence of other ethnic groups, and appears to be more complex, but the Yi folk dwellings in the various ethnic groups have a broad representation. Generally speaking, the types of Yi dwellings can be divided into the following categories: tiled houses, earth palm houses, flashing piece houses, palletized wooden houses, thatched houses, etc. The Yi dwellings can be classified as follows

Dwelling customs of the Yi people to implement a husband and wife system of small families, children after marriage to build another housing, self-supporting households, only the youngest son and his parents to live together. The Yi family compound is spacious, for production and living convenience, especially in the organization of red and white wedding, can be a wide range of guests. Indoors, the main room of the house against the wall where the ancestors are enshrined in heaven and earth in the table, the table set with incense burners and tigers, lions, statues; in the center of the table, for the reception of guests; the left side of the year-round fire, by the three stone support, commonly known as the "pot", for warmth, hot water, baked tea, the fire around the family around the place of sitting around the proceedings. The main room on both sides of the room for the son in law of the bedroom, and storage of valuables. Generally, the eldest son lives on the left and the second son lives on the right. The elderly, children and guest rooms are located in the side rooms. Behind the main door to do the mill, the main room upstairs is the granary, downstairs for the stables.

Yi Folk Architecture

Mostly built on slopes. Stone for the wall base, with adobe walls or build walls with soil, wall frame beams, beams on the planks, wood or bamboo, and then a layer of soil on top, by sprinkling sip whacking, the formation of the platform roof, do not leakage of rainwater. The roof is also a sunbathing area. Some of the beams set up on wooden pillars, cushion wood on the stretcher, thatched grass or straw, grass covered with thin mud, and then put fine soil whacked into shape. Mostly bungalows, part of the two houses or three-story.

The earth palm room is warm in winter and cool in summer, good fire performance, very practical.