Which nationality's traditional festival is Dragon Boat Festival?

Which nationality is the Dragon Boat Festival?

Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional Miao festival, and now it generally refers to Dragon Boat Festival.

Dragon boat race is the earliest form of ancestor worship in ancient times. It is very common for ancestors to use boats and boats. They often draw dragons on boats as totems or protectors of tribes. Dragon boat rowing is an important activity of the Dragon Boat Festival, so it is also called Dragon Boat Festival.

Dragon Boat Festival is a festival held in Miao villages. Each village has specially made one or two dragon boats and parked them in the carport of Gaiwa corridor until the festival.

The Miao people have a long history of Dragon Boat Festival. Xu Jiahan, the author of "Qingganlong", recorded that "at the end of May 20th, Miao people competed in dragon boats in the wide and deep water of Qingshui River, which was very aggressive. Its ship is cut into five or six feet with a big log, with a faucet in front and a phoenix tail behind, which can accommodate more than 20 people. Short-term scratching and stimulating water, walking like flying. "

About the origin of Camus Dragon Boat Festival, there are two legends circulating in southeastern Guizhou. There is a legend that the Dragon King, who represents the rain in the sky, once took a wrong step in the rain, and the time of the rain went against God's will. God was so angry that Lei Gong cut the Dragon King into pieces and threw it into the river. From then on, in the event of drought, the Miao people built dragon boats and rowed along the Qingshui River, symbolizing the resurrection of the Dragon King hacked to death by Lei Gong and raining on the earth as usual. This is an ancient custom of dragon boat racing for rain. Another legend says that two men, father and son, were fishing in the river, and the son was caught by the dragon king as a pillow. In a rage, my father set fire to the Dragon Palace, cut the dragon into several pieces and floated in the river. Let's check the dragon meat and share it. But after eating meat, it was completely dark in kuya for nine days, regardless of day and night. One day, a woman took her children to the river to wash clothes. The child beat the river with a wooden stick and kept imitating the sound of drums. It will be dawn soon. In the future, the Miao people near this river will celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival, beating gongs and drums and rowing dragon boats.

Miao people have a long history of dragon boat racing. In the Ming Dynasty (Jiajing), "Guizhou Tongzhi" Volume III "Customs" records: "Zhenyuan House has a competition in Duanyang. The house is by the river, so it is convenient to take a boat. The residents built the dragon boat in advance, drew the beginning and the end, and gathered people to perform in the play. Take rice as zongzi and throw it in the water. Those who first tug across the river are profitable at the age of 20. " Qing Dynasty (Qianlong) "Zhenyuan Fuzhi" Volume 9 "Customs": "Chong' an River entered the Qingjiang River. On May 25th, the Miao people also performed a dragon boat show with a strange shape. The big tree controlled the trough like a boat, and the two trees merged. The ship is extremely long, about forty or fifty feet, and can carry thirty or forty people. They all paddle standing, which is extremely dangerous. Japanese men and women are extremely whitewashed. Rich women wear brocade, collars and big earrings. When they answer with men who are good-looking, sing harmoniously and have a common language, it means they are engaged, and sometimes they even go back. "Xu Jiahan in Qing Dynasty wrote" Notes on Miao Nationality ":(Miao Nationality) strives for the breadth and depth of Yu Qingjiang by making progress with the dragon boat and the wind ending on May 20th. Its boat is a big whole wood, five or six feet long, with a faucet in front and a phoenix tail in the back, which can accommodate twenty or thirty people. Short radial water, walking like flying. "

Legend of Dragon Boat Festival

According to legend, a long time ago, there lived an old man named Bao Gong at the mouth of Xiaojiang River. One day, he took his only son, Nine Treasures, to go fishing by the river. Suddenly, the sky is full of bright clouds, the wind is blowing violently, and the river waves are beating against the sky. A dragon jumped out of the deep pool and dragged it into the dragon cave at once. The old man was frightened and immediately jumped into the water to save his son. But it was too late. The dragon had killed the child and fell asleep with it as a pillow. The old man was furious and determined to avenge his son. He swam back to the shore, took a fire sickle and grass, sneaked into the dragon cave again, set fire to the dragon and burned it to death. However, the smoke from the burning hole filled the Qingshui River. Then it rained heavily for nine days in a row in Kuya. When it gets dark, chickens peck rice before dawn, cows eat grass before dawn, and people work before dawn, and there is nothing anyone can do. They are very worried. At that time, a woman took her child to the river to wash clothes in the dark. The child swam around on the water and laughed. She shouted casually, "How funny! Giggle more "but when he shouted, the sky suddenly cleared up, the east rose a thousand strands, and a bright red sun rose in Ran Ran, and everyone cheered. Soon, a colorful monster was floating on the river. Its body was four or five feet long, the bucket was so thick, and its eyes were closed. Everyone ran over and saw that it was a dragon that was burned to death. The brave man cut off a piece of meat and burned it. It is delicious. As soon as it spread, everyone wanted to try it. They rushed to grab the meat. Grab and hold, grab the whole dragon. Shengbing Village (now Shibin) was first discovered and was the leader. Pingzhai (affiliated to Xiong Bing County) got the dragon's jaw, Tanglongzhai (Taijiang County, hereinafter all belong to Taijiang County) got the dragon's body, Rongshanzhai got the dragon's waist, and the people who applied for the hole went a little late, only the dragon's tail, and Yangjiazhai went the latest, only a little intestines. So now the dragon boats in Yangjiazhai are all dyed dark green (it is said that the intestines of dragons are also dark green), called Qinglong.

When people separated the dragon meat, it was already night. The dragon had a dream for everyone and said, "I hurt the only son of the old man, and I lost my life myself. I hope that all of you, old and young, will be kind enough to row fir trees in Qingshui River and Congjiang for a few days according to my body, so that I can feel alive. I want to make clouds and rain, so that you can have a good harvest. " People believed it, so they made a boat and rowed first. Just like the dragon said, it really worked and it rained happily. Everyone was happier and began to row dragon boats. At first, everyone agreed; Arrange the dragon meat in the order of division. For example, Sheng Bing was assigned to a leading position and placed on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month; Pingzhai has a dragon neck, which is scheduled for the sixth day of May. However, this is the busy farming season of cutting wheat and transplanting rice. In order to stay away from home and have a good holiday, the villages came to negotiate again and changed to hold the competition in stages from May 4 to July of the lunar calendar. It is said that the year after the date change, there was a drought. Everyone thinks that this is due to the change of date, so they discuss restoring the 5th day of the third lunar month as the start of the Dragon Boat Festival in Shengbing and Zhao Ping villages. At the ceremony held in Zhao Ping, the dragon boats in the lower reaches of Bindong Village must participate, and they will arrive ahead of time. When the cave is built, everyone will row away. They will still work in the fields the next day. After the 24th, they will hold a formal activity and enjoy it for a few days. After discussion, Pingzhai is the fourth in May of the lunar calendar, and Tang Long is the 25th. Rongshan Liu Gan Cave will focus on the above four locations. This rule, along with the habit, continues to this day. This activity gradually evolved into today's Dragon Boat Festival.

There are drum-riding, blowing sheng, horse racing, bird shooting and other activities on the riverbank. At the end of the Dragon Boat Festival, the villages arranged banquets, on the one hand, thanking the radial hand and everyone for their support, and on the other hand, wishing each other a good year, peace and prosperity through dinner.

the introduction of the Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Zhengyang Festival and Tianzhong Festival, originated from the worship of astronomical phenomena in ancient times and evolved from the Dragon Boat Festival. On the midsummer Dragon Boat Festival, Seven Nights of the Black Dragon rose to the south of Zhongtian, which was an auspicious day for Longxiang. Dragon Boat Festival, originally founded by ancestors, is a festival to worship the ancestors of dragons and pray for evil spirits. It is said that Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu State in the Warring States Period, jumped into the Miluo River on May 5th and committed suicide. Later, people also took the Dragon Boat Festival as a festival to commemorate Qu Yuan. There are also sayings in memory of Wu Zixu, Cao E and meson push. Generally speaking, the Dragon Boat Festival originated from the ancient ancestors' choice of "flying dragons over the sky" as an auspicious day to worship their ancestors and pray for evil spirits, and injected the seasonal fashion of "eliminating diseases and preventing epidemics" into summer. The Dragon Boat Festival, regarded as "bad month and bad day", began in the northern part of the Central Plains and was attached to commemorate Qu Yuan and other historical figures.

The two symbolic customs of the Dragon Boat Festival are eating zongzi and dragon boat racing. According to the textual research of Mr. Wen Yiduo in his thesis "Dragon Boat Festival Examination" and "Dragon Boat Festival History Education" (see Wen Yiduo's complete works), it is believed that the ancestors took "dragon" as a totem and held a grand totem sacrifice every year. One of the activities is to depict a dragon-shaped canoe in the drums, to compete on the water to sacrifice the dragon god, and to have fun with games. This is the origin of the custom of dragon boat racing. About the legend of the dragon, there are related records in books such as the History of Taoism. : "the emperor turned his head and scaled his body." "Yi Wei Tong Guayan Supplement": "The head of the emperor is Yao Gan." It is said that the ancestors of the Emperor of Heaven and the five stars (seven nights) of the sun, the moon and the moon are United in virtue, that is, their status is extremely lofty. "River Map": "Five Dragon Religion, Emperor Trace." Rong Zhu said, "Five dragons are five gods." Preface to the Spring and Autumn Shouli: "(Five Dragons) Five Ways for Father and Son to Divide and Rule". Taking "dragon" as the totem, during the totem period, the four dragons of the four clans each ruled one side, and Yi Long of the group clan was the central leader, so there was a saying that the five dragons divided and ruled the five sides (Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination). The historical legends of these dragons actually originated from the worship and belief of ancient ancestors in dragons.