What is the earliest monograph on traditional Chinese medicine in China?

Huangdi Neijing is one of the four classic works of China's traditional medicine (Huangdi Neijing, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and Treatise on Febrile Diseases). It is also the first masterpiece handed down under the name of Huangdi, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, and the earliest medical classic in China's medical treasure house. It is a medical masterpiece that studies human physiology, pathology, diagnostics, therapeutic principles and pharmacology. Theoretically, the theories of yin and yang, five elements, pulse condition, Tibetan image, meridians, etiology and pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, health preservation and luck are established. His medical theory is based on China's ancient philosophical theory, which embodies China's naive dialectical thought in ancient times.

Huangdi Neijing was written in the Qin and Han Dynasties about 2000 years ago. Her extensive and profound scientific exposition covers not only medicine, but also the scientific achievements made by mankind such as astronomy, geography, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, military science, mathematics and ecology. Surprisingly, some profound and incisive expositions made by China ancestors in Neijing, though as early as 2000 years ago, revealed many achievements that modern science is trying to prove and will prove. Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao and Li Shizhen, the most famous doctors in ancient China, were deeply influenced by the thought of Neijing. They all studied hard and learned its essence, and eventually became a generation of famous doctors in the history of China.

Huangdi Neijing, as the theoretical basis and essence of traditional Chinese medicine, has played an important role in the prosperous history of the Chinese nation for nearly two thousand years. Imagine that about 700 years ago, a plague broke out in Europe, and a quarter of Europeans lost their precious lives. Although there was a plague epidemic in China for nearly 2000 years, there was never a painful record like that in Europe, so the role of TCM and Neijing can be fully demonstrated. Therefore, the Chinese nation is the best nation in the world! China culture is the best culture in the world! Every descendant of the dragon should be proud of our great motherland medicine, proud of our excellent ancestors, and make some sincere efforts for the modernization and globalization of the motherland medicine that has been sleeping for 200 years, because only a few people's efforts are not enough to promote this great cause! It can be predicted that only when the great Chinese medicine practitioners are truly revived will the whole Chinese nation be truly revived!

Huangdi Neijing is referred to as Neijing for short, and the original book is 18. Among them, 9 volumes are called "Su Wen"; The other nine volumes have no titles. They were called Jiujuan or Needle Sutra in the Han and Jin Dynasties, and were called Lingshu after the Tang Dynasty. They were not written by one person at a time, but mainly formed from the Warring States to the Eastern Han Dynasty. Each part is 8 1, and *** 162. Su Wen mainly discusses the law of natural change and the relationship between man and nature. The core content of Lingshu is the theory of zang-fu organs and meridians.

Su Wen has different versions in the Han Soul, Six Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties. Zhang Zhongjing, Wang Shuhe, Sun Simiao and Wang Tao all quoted this sentence in their works. Mainly: (1) Qi Liangjian (6th century A.D.) was the earliest annotated edition, but the sixth volume was lost at that time, with only eight volumes actually. This biography has been quoted by Tang, Song Lin, etc. It was lost after the Southern Song Dynasty. (2) Tang and Notes, in the first year (762), with notes as the base note, added the lost seventh volume of the seven major theories to Jiayou Zhiping in the Northern Song Dynasty (1057 ~).

Lingshu, also known as Jiujuan, Needle Meridian, Jiuling and Jiuxu, etc. After the Han and Wei Dynasties, due to long-term replication and dissemination, many versions with different names appeared. The lost articles in the ancient version of Needle Classic quoted by Tang Bing are basically the same as those in the ancient version of Lingshu, indicating that they are of the same clan. But it is different from the version of Lingshu discovered by Songshi in the Southern Song Dynasty (that is, the existing version of Lingshu). In the Northern Song Dynasty, there was an engraved version of Needle Sutra presented by North Korea, but there is no book to prove it today. By the early Southern Song Dynasty. All kinds of spiritual pivots and needle classics have been lost. In the 25th year of Shaoxing (1 155), eighty-one articles in nine volumes of Lingshu collected by Songshi were re-collated, expanded to twenty-four volumes, and published with audio interpretation and block printing. At this point, the version of Lingshu has basically been finalized, replacing various versions, and has been published again and again, which has been passed down to this day.

Pay attention to the whole concept, emphasize that the human body itself is a whole, and people are closely related to the natural environment, and use the theory of yin and yang and five elements to explain physiological and pathological phenomena and guide diagnosis and treatment; The unity of opposites between Yin and Yang is considered to be the universal law of the emergence, development and change of all things in the universe. Under normal circumstances, the human body has a balance of yin and yang. Once this balance is broken, you will get sick. It emphasizes the influence of mental and social factors on human body and diseases and the prevention of diseases, and opposes superstition. A comprehensive summary of medical achievements before Qin and Han Dynasties marks the development of China medicine to the stage of theoretical summary. This book has a high position in China medicine, and all successful doctors in later generations attach great importance to it. Some of the contents have been translated into Japanese, English, German, French and other languages, which has also had an impact on the development of world medicine.

Huangdi Neijing legend

18 volumes of Huangdi Neijing are from ancient times to the present, while 37 volumes of Huangdi Neijing may be lost forever. However, the folklore about it is quite rich and interesting.

According to legend, there were three famous doctors during the Huangdi period. Besides Lei Gong and Qi Bo, the most famous one is Yu Zhi (Yin Fu). His medical skill is very clever. Especially in surgery. It is said that he generally does not need soup, needles and massage to treat diseases. However, after the diagnosis of the cause is clear, unless you want to have an operation, you will cut the skin with a knife, dissect the muscle and ligate it. Legend has it that once, when Yu Yu was crossing the river, she found a woman who fell into the water and was salvaged and buried by several people. Yu Yu stopped them from asking how long the victim had been in the water. The man who carried the body said that he had just fallen into the water and died after being fished out. Yu Yu asked them to put the body on the ground. First, they felt the pulse of the deceased, and then looked into the eyes of the deceased. Then they asked someone to find a straw rope, tied the dead man's feet and hung them upside down from the tree. At first, everyone didn't understand why Yu did it. As soon as the dead man was hoisted, he spat out water. When he didn't spit, Yu Yu asked people to untie the deceased slowly, put him on his back and put his hands on his chest. Finally, he pulled out some of his own hair and observed it on the nostril of the deceased for a while. He found that his head started slowly, and then confidently said to the family of the deceased: "She is still alive, take it home and take good care of it!"

Legend has it that once Yu Yun was walking in the valley, he suddenly saw a young hunter accidentally fall off a cliff and was caught by a cane halfway up the mountain. He can't go up or down, and he can't make any noise. When Yu Yun was in a hurry, a lame old man came face to face, and Yu Yun asked the old man to try his best to save the young hunter hanging in the air. Without saying anything, the lame old man took the bow and arrow from his waist and shot down the rattan with a whoosh. The hunter fell to the ground and saw that he was dying. Yu Yu squatted down to feel the pulse for the dead, grabbed a handful of weeds from the ground and stuffed them into the hunter's anus, covering the hunter's nostrils tightly with his hand. It wasn't long before I stuffed it in my nostrils.

In his later years, the Yellow Emperor sent Cang Xie, tripterygium wilfordii and Zeebe, and spent a long time sorting out medical skills and compiling them into books. However, Cang Xie died before it was made public. Later, Yu Zhi's son Yu Zhi took the book back to his father for revision. Unfortunately, the whole family was caught in a fire, and the house, medical books and their families were reduced to ashes. This may be the reason why Huangdi Neijing has not been found so far!

(There are eleven classic physicians recorded in the art and literature records of the Han Dynasty, and only one is left in the Yellow Emperor's Canon, the reason remains to be verified. Among them, Huangdi Waijing was lost. From Hanshu? 6? According to the seven classics recorded in Yiwenzhi, there were Huangdi Neijing, Huangdi Neijing, Bian Que Waijing, Bai Neijing, Bai Waijing and Bianpian at that time.

Huangdi Neijing is very rich in content. Su Wen emphasizes the basic theory of human physiology, pathology, disease treatment and man and nature. Lingshu focuses on human anatomy, zang-fu organs, meridians and acupoints acupuncture. The similarity between them is a theoretical discussion of related issues, which does not involve or basically does not involve specific prescriptions and technologies for disease treatment. Therefore, it has become the theoretical source of China's medical development and the theoretical basis for physicians to discuss diseases and health. Although the theories of medical scientists are different and controversial, there are few deviations, and almost all of them seek from Neijing as the criterion of argument. This is the reason why modern people must first learn Neijing when learning Chinese medicine. Because, if you don't master the essence of Neijing, you can't understand and implement the understanding, diagnosis, treatment principles, drug selection prescriptions and so on of various clinical diseases in traditional Chinese medicine.