"Has the tomb of the First King of Qin been dug up yet? Are the Terracotta Warriors just part of his tomb? Will you see the "First King of Qin" if you dig up his grave?

8. Is the huge Terracotta Army part of the tomb of the First Emperor, or is it a memorial to the mother of the First Emperor?

In March 1974, Lintong County Manzhai Commune, the lower river brigade Xiyang production team decided to play eight water wells, when playing to the fifth eye, from a depth of three or four meters dug out a strange thing - "Waben Master".

It is said that here a long time ago, as long as the well or digging graves, there will be "monsters", these "monsters" often rise monster, either the well water suddenly dried up, or the new tomb suddenly collapsed. Sometimes, the "monster" will suddenly appear upright on the wall of the well, "bulging mouth and eyes" to scare people.

Later, the production team dug out a "tile basin master", coincidentally, was called a Chinese news reporter encountered Shang An stable, wrote a "Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum appeared a number of Qin Dynasty Wutu terracotta figurines," the article by the "People's Daily" internal report, soon attracted the attention of the relevant departments and leaders of the central government in July, the State Administration of Cultural Relics under the leadership of the Shaanxi cultural relics and archaeologists composed of the "Terracotta warriors of the Qin Emperor" archaeological excavation team. In July, under the leadership of the State Bureau of Cultural Relics, Shaanxi cultural relics and archaeology workers formed the "Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang" archaeological excavation team, after a year of hard work, a 230-meter-long east-west, north-south width of about 62 meters, with a total area of 14,260 square meters of the huge Qin Terracotta Warriors and horses pit reproduced.

In May 1976, 20 meters to the northeast of the first pit, the second pit with an area of more than 6000 square meters was discovered, and soon found the third pit with an area of 520 square meters 25 meters to the north of the first pit. Later on, the yet-to-be-built Pit Four was discovered.

The discovery of the Terracotta Warriors shook the world, and in 1978, French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac visited the site and said, "There are seven original wonders of the world, and the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors can be said to be the eighth." In September 1980, Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Zhaolin in the "New People's Evening News" published an article entitled (visit to the eighth wonder of the world a tour of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of the First Emperor of Qin Shi Huang), for the first time publicly to the Terracotta Army on the "eighth wonder of the world" crown.

The Terracotta Warriors and the Terracotta Warriors are mainly terracotta warriors and horses, which are made by the method of "molding, combining molding and plastic, making pieces, and then firing them in the kiln and painting them in the kiln". The production is delicate and exquisite, both in shape and spirit. Terracotta figurines each distinctive personality, expression, demeanor, posture, clothing, reflecting the different ages, different experiences, different types of soldiers, different positions of the character's mental outlook and state of mind, a thousand, lifelike.

The pottery horse is even more detailed to the extreme, the horse is strong and powerful, ears vertical, two eyes staring ahead, the image is realistic and vivid. The proportion of the pottery horse is very proportional, harmonious, in line with the principles of anatomy. These techniques, in addition to the maker's skill, and the Qin people have been known for horse breeding, horse exceptionally familiar with is also inseparable. Duke of Qin Mu when the Bo Le is China's famous horse experts, authored the "horse scripture" on the later Qin horse breeding has a significant impact.

What is the reason for the production of such a thousand terracotta warriors and horses?

As we all know, Qin conquered the six kingdoms by force, which made Qin Shi Huang fully realize the role of the army, so he hoped that the underground kingdom he entered after his death would still have a strong "Qin's sharp soldiers". This is probably the origin of the Terracotta Army of Qin Shi Huang.

In the three terracotta pits that have now been excavated, three battle formations are neatly laid out, and the three cooperate with each other to form a complete combat unit. Therefore, some people say, Qin Shihuang terracotta warriors may be the first emperor of the life of the commander-in-chief of the battle scene of the microcosm. Therefore, when the terracotta warriors out of the country as far as Sweden to display, the Swedish daily newspaper reported wryly: "China more than two thousand years ago, Qin Shi Huang's troops appeared in Stockholm."

Three terracotta warrior pits from north to south, zigzag distribution, a total area of more than 20,000 square meters, more than 30 acres of land.

One of the south of the first pit is the largest, the pit to car soldiers as the main body, car soldiers and infantry joint formation, into a rectangular square. Its eastern end, and arranged three rows of east-facing warriors in battle robes, each row of sixty-eight people, they are the front of this approach. To its south, there was a row of north-facing warriors, the left flank of the military formation. At its western end, three rows of warriors are also arranged, one of which faces west and is the rear guard.

In the center of the vanguard, the rear guard, and the left and right flanks, is the main force of this square formation.

The main body of troops all face east, and are all car soldiers, except for two rows to the west, and one row each to the south and north, which are infantry. The form of the chariot soldiers was that every four rows of samurai guarded one chariot, the samurai wore battle robes, some in armor, and the chariot in the middle had one driver and two carriage sergeants behind it.

According to historical records, ancient combat was dominated by chariot warfare, with three armored soldiers on the chariot, one on the left with a bow, one on the right with a spear, one in the middle driving the car, and behind the car were infantry, or foot soldiers, who accompanied the car. They were attached to the chariot. In the Zhou Dynasty, each car with twenty-five soldiers, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States increased to seventy-five people, Qin terracotta warrior square, is each car after eighty people, or one hundred and twenty people, and some even more than two hundred people, which shows that there are changes in the types of soldiers in the ancient wars: that is, the role of the infantry more and more, so that it is gradually separated from the car soldiers, and has become a separate and important types of soldiers.

The second pit is located in the north of the first pit, is a zigzag-shaped military formation. It consists of three types of troops: vehicle troops, infantry and cavalry.

Its eastern part is an infantry square. On the east and west sides of the square, there are two rows of standing shot samurai on each side; on the north and south sides, there are three rows of standing shot samurai on each side. Samurai are dressed in robes, legs tied leg guards, foot mounted boots, left foot forward and the right foot to form a figure of eight. The left arm is bent across the chest, and the right hand is stretched out into an archery position.

In the middle of the square formation are four columns facing east, two columns for each team, the martial arts soil are all seated, they are wearing armor, the right leg to the ground, the left leg is raised, the left hand gun in front of the chest, the right hand is slightly curved, in a seated archery posture. This is the archer in the infantry, and their postures vary, indicating that they are practicing archery.

At the rear of the square formation, on the south side, there are eight columns of soldiers side by side, each with eight chariots, forming a huge approach to the chariots. Behind each chariot, there were three warriors, in addition to no apprentice soldiers.

To the north of the car-soldier square, there was another rectangular square of car-soldiers, *** three columns, each with six chariots, and behind the chariots, in addition to the three car earth, there were also between eight and thirty-six car soldiers. It was followed by a small number of cavalry and infantry. Then came the rectangular square formation of the chariot soldiers. *** There were three groups, each with two rooks in front of the chariot, followed by eight teams of cavalry, each with four columns, with the knights in front and the saddle horses behind.

It can be seen that this is a more complex array of arrangement. China's ancient militarists emphasized the composition of military formations to "soldiers only miscellaneous", meaning that in an army to diversify the types of soldiers. Like this terracotta warrior military pit, can be said to set the then various types of soldiers in a battle formation, joint, composed of independent military formation. Front of the infantry square, listed in the whole formation of the left front, forming the ancient military deployment of the "corner". Once encountered in battle, the flexibility of the infantry, the formation of encirclement of the impact of the force.

The middle of the many car soldiers, can be immediately organized into a large row of defensive or impact formation, the main battle. Cavalry in the side and rear parts, and can its fast advantage, the formation of flanks and rear guard, such a combination of battle formation can be said to be seamless.

The third pit is west of the second pit, the smallest area, concave. In its center there is a chariot with four carts behind it, in its south there are two rows of east-west facing samurai on the side of the chariot, and from there to the west there are two rows of north-south facing samurai, then four rows of face-to-face samurai on each side, and finally there are two rows of face-to-face samurai again.

In the north, there are two rows of north-south facing warriors, and in the east, there is a leader. The entire pit battle formation, showing that this is the Qin Terracotta Warriors pit of the Commander-in-Chief, also known as the military curtain or command center.

In ancient times, the deployment of troops to the tiger symbol as a token, the tiger symbol is divided into two halves, half in the center, half in the hands of the general. The country wants to send troops, the emperor will only grant the tiger symbol to the appointed general division, the two symbols together, can go to war.

The Terracotta Warriors pit No. 3 did not find the main general, that is, the commander-in-chief of the entire force, which means that the general has not been appointed, the tiger symbol is in the hands of the palace in the hands of Qin Shi Huang. A lifetime of good power of the first emperor, but also after death, the power to hold on to, commanding thousands of troops, let a person lamentable and ridiculous.

Of course, the above is only a kind of speculation on the use of the Terracotta Warriors. The actual situation is about the terracotta warriors, never see the text of the repertoire. Sima Qian, "Shi Hui" on the scale of the mausoleum of the first emperor, the construction and burial of the rich and beautiful, have a more detailed discussion, but only words did not mention the terracotta warriors. And because the Terracotta Warriors are located 1.5 kilometers away from the city wall of the first emperor's mausoleum, so some people suspect that the Terracotta Warriors are part of the mausoleum of the Qin emperor.

According to history, when King Huiwen of Qin, the state of Qin became more and more powerful, forcing King Huai of Chu to marry his daughter to King Huiwen Zidang. Later, King Huiwen Zidang ascended to the throne and became King Wu of Qin.

King Wu of Qin was good at foreign conquests and sent troops into Luoyi with the aim of moving the Nine Cauldrons into the Qin River. The Prince of Zhou greeted him in person and accompanied him to the temple to see the nine tripods. The Nine Cauldrons were made of gold from the tributes collected from the nine states during the time of Dayu, and were burned and cast, with dragons engraved on their feet and ears, which was also called the "Nine Dragons Cauldron". The nine tripods have been used in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and have always been regarded as national treasures, each weighing a thousand pounds. King Wu competed to lift the tripods and boasted of his victory, but his bones were crushed and he died in Luoyi. His brother Rang ascended to the throne, and this was King Zhaoxiang of Qin.

King Zhaoxiang was a young man, and the Qin state was ruled by King Wu's consort, the daughter of King Huai of Chu. King Wu Wangfei favored Rang Hou, Wei Ran Huayang Jun, Gao Ling Jun and Jing Yang Jun, etc., and worshiped Rang Hou, Wei Ran as a prime minister, a moment of the Qin court up and down the fear of too much to put the cronies. Later, Fan Suo of the State of Wei fled to the State of Qin under the name of Zhang Lu, and became a close friend of King Zhaoxiang.

One day, Fan Suo said to King Zhaoxiang: "When I was living in Shandong, I heard that there was Meng Chang Jun in Qi, but not the King of Qi; I heard that there was Empress Dowager, Rang Hou, Huayang, Gao Ling, and Jing Yang in Qin, but not the King of Qin. If the system of the state is the king, life and death, others dare not monopolize. Now, the Empress Dowager is the mother of the state, and she has been doing this for more than forty years; Rang Hou is the only minister of the state; Huayang supports him; Jingyang and Gaoling have set up their own households, and they are free to live and die, and their private wealth is ten times greater than that of the public." He asked King Zhaoxiang to eliminate these close ministers. However, King Zhaoxiang was a generous and merciful monarch, and did not kill them, but dismissed Marquis Rang and Wei Ran, expelled Gao Ling, Huayang, and Jingyang, and imprisoned the Empress Dowager in the palace, and began to hold the power alone.

Later, when the Queen Mother was dying of depression, she asked King Zhaoxiang to let Wei Ran, Rang Hou, Huayang, Gao Ling, Jingyang and other close ministers to give her a martyrdom, but King Zhaoxiang did not agree to do so, but only molded several close ministers to simulate terracotta figurines, and molded terracotta warriors and horses to model the elite troops of the Qin state, and buried them with her, and sent the Queen Mother's soul to return to the state of Chu.

There is another theory also that the Terracotta Warriors are not part of the Qin Emperor's mausoleum. But it was not built before the First Emperor, but by the First Emperor himself.

Its purpose was to be used by the First Emperor to honor his mother, Empress Dowager Dong.

Empress Dowager Dong was also a legendary figure. She was a favorite concubine of Lu Buwei, a great merchant in Handan, who was naturally beautiful and could sing and dance well, and was famous in the city of Handan for a long time, and Zichu, the father of the first emperor of Qin, was a hostage in the state of Zhao when he met Lu Buwei. He thought that Zichu would be the king of Qin in the future, and Qin was a powerful country that might unify the world, so he thought of Zichu as an "oddity" with a businessman's mind, and gave him his favorite concubine, Dong, so that he would be able to "live with an oddity" one day in the future.

Later, Dong gave birth to a child in Handan, Zhao, which was Qin Shi Huang. So he was invited by Zi Chu to the palace of the king of Qin, and entrusted with the important position, and Dong became the empress of Qin.

When Emperor Qin Shi Huang was young, he was very close to Lu Buwei, and often referred to him as his "father", until XIII was established as the King of Qin, he still did so, and promoted Lu Buwei to be the prime minister of Qin, but Lu Buwei was not self-respecting, and he thought that Emperor Qin Shi Huang was still young and cheated on him with Empress Dowager Dong for a long time. This was finally realized by the growing Qin Shi Huang.

Although Emperor Qin Shi Huang was "a mighty man of the world, known for his cruelty and tyranny, he was a filial son in his personal feelings, and he was always obedient to his mother, Empress Dowager Dong, and responded to her requests. After learning of his affair with Lu Buwei, Qin Shi Huang did not publicize it, but only secretly planned to dispose of Lu Buwei.

Lu Buwei knew the news, immediately converge, and sent a man called Lao Poison to Empress Dowager Dong to replace himself, trying to test his own innocence.

In 238 A.D., after presiding over the state affairs in person, Emperor Qin Shi Huang finally began to plan his actions. He first killed Lao Po, and then removed Lu Bu Wei from his position as a minister, and moved him to his fiefdom in Sichuan. After Lu Buwei arrived at Sichuan, he still had a bad dream, fearing that Qin Shi Huang would pursue him and continue to persecute him. So he had no peace of mind, and finally committed suicide.

After Qin Shi Huang unified the six kingdoms, his mood was very happy. One day he asked his mother if she had any ideas that he could fulfill to his heart's content. Empress Dowager Dong was already old, but still miss the old lover Lu Buwei, but not good or dare to export in front of his son, so make said, their life glory, wealth and prosperity, has been very satisfied, to see the unification of the world of Qin, even more happy, a life of no other wish, only want to live in the past place of Handan, I hope that the emperor will let her go back to the old place to go to a trip.

The first time I saw her, I was very happy to see her, but she didn't want to go back to her old place, Handan, so I hope she can go back to her old place.

The first emperor felt sad that he did not realize his mother's wish, so he chose the east slope of Mount Li after the death of the Empress Dowager to build a huge terracotta warrior army to escort the Empress Dowager's spirit back to her hometown of Handan. This is the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum that we see today.

It is said that, in the choice of escorting the Queen Mother's spirit of the army of generals, the first Emperor made some difficulties, would like to let Mengtian buried to serve in this position, but the idea of Mengtian united the six countries when he set up the sweat and horses, and maintain the unity of the empire will have to lead the army to serve, and then thought of an underhanded, ready to wait for the death of Mengtian and then go on the job. But soon thereafter, the first emperor that is on the way to die of illness, the second usurped the throne, although forced Mengtian suicide, but buried to the side of the mausoleum of the first emperor, not buried to the queen escorted the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, so we see the Qin mausoleum Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit three, although the command organ, but there is no commander-in-chief within the.

The above statements are of course the speculation of later generations. The Terracotta Warriors were originally a set of riddles in the enigma, this countless riddles left people infinite imagination and despair,

9. Zhang Liang assassinated the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang, but mistakenly in the deputy car.

In December 1980, 20 meters west of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang, unearthed two large painted bronze carriages and horses. Car, horse and imperial hand are all bronze material, the size of quite dry in kind proportion of one-half.

Among them, the first bronze car drawn by four horses, on the umbrella cover, the Royal hand standing driving, so also known as "standing car". No. 2 copper car carriage is divided into two rooms before and after the front room can only accommodate one person, is the seat of the Royal Hand. After the room is larger, can sit can lie down, so the name "sitting car", because sitting and lying down, also known as "safe car". The car has a dome room car cover, also drawn by four horses.

Copper car, the world marveled. When they are still in the Museum of Qin Terracotta Warriors in the cleanup and restoration of the time, friends from all over the world have come to visit. 1982 November, UNICEF representative in China visited, wrote: "This group of bronze carriages and horses is an outstanding model of Chinese art and civilization. It is my sincere hope that these antiquities will continue to be well preserved so that the whole world will be inspired here." When King Hussein of Jordan visited in 1938, he added: "This is a treasure that belongs to mankind."

Indeed, the art of casting and the elegance of these two groups of bronze carriages are extraordinary, and they are the earliest and only complete large bronze carriages in the world ever discovered.

In the two groups of copper carriages, the total weight of the second copper carriages is one thousand two hundred and forty-one kilograms, consisting of more than three thousand four hundred parts. Among them, more than seven hundred gold parts, more than nine hundred silver parts, gold and silver together amounted to more than seven thousand grams. The bronze figurines were fifty-one centimeters high and weighed more than fifty kilograms; the four bronze horses were more than ninety centimeters high and weighed between one hundred and seventy and more than two hundred kilograms. Such a large bronze is a miracle of ancient metallurgical casting.

The car cover is an oval fish spine-shaped bronze cover, one hundred and seventy-eight centimeters long. Such a large car cover, in the casting process at that time is extremely difficult.

The manufacturing process of the bronze carriage horse, using casting, casting welding, embedded, pinned, inserted and live dumplings connected to the method, the production is fine, the level of craftsmanship is very high, such as the horse's neck, is the gold and silver tubes are arranged between the welded, the naked eye can not see any seams, and even in the twenty-four times under the magnifying glass, and only only to see some of the welded seams. Horse-drawn cart lead rope, is the use of pin joints connected to the method, so far activities freely. The manes and tassels on the horse's head are made of copper wire of zero point five millimeters. How were some of these techniques accomplished more than two thousand years ago? It is still a mystery. Such as oval car cover, modern cartography is to draw a rectangle, and then from the rectangle into a diamond, and then use a circular gauge to draw, the ancients how to make? Do not know.

Not only that, these two groups of such a luxurious bronze carriage, what is for? Who is the owner?

It is said that five or six thousand years ago, the Yellow Emperor was inspired by the wind blowing grass on the ground rolling, invented the car. That's why people called him Regulus. One of his subordinates named Knees first used oxen to pull the car. At the time of Xia Yu, a man named Xi Zhong and his son Jiguang improved the car at that time, and Xiangtu tamed the horse and used it to pull the car. By the time of Zhou, the carriage had become a symbol of the eminence of the king.

Qin Shihuang's ancestors had a father called, good at driving the car, once for the Zhou Mu Wang royal car, to the Pamir area roaming. To the first emperor after the unification of the world, the carriage is particularly fond of, not hesitate to buy fine horses, to jewels to modify the carriage. His five tours of the world, the fleet of vehicles, decorated with beautiful, unusual, the car is the four-horse imperial car.

The luxury of this car is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. According to legend, Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Han Dynasty, once met Qin Shi Huang in Xianyang, sitting on a luxury carriage, was surrounded by the front and back of the patrol, Liu Bang was overwhelmed with emotion, not without envy, said: "A great man when it is so!"

It's no coincidence that another hero, Xiang Yu, who was fighting against the Qin Empire at the same time as Liu Bang, also saw this scene in Zhejiang, and said boldly, "He can be replaced!" A sentence of his uncle Xiang Liang scared quickly covered his mouth, and told him that: "Do not dare to nonsense, to cause a big trouble of the whole family!"

From Liu, Xiang's exclamation and envy, that can be imagined in the rich and spectacular scene of Qin Shi Huang's carriage. Qin Mausoleum unearthed these two groups of bronze carriages, it is the year Qin Shi Huang went on tour by driving a replica of the car, which the second car is the Qin Shi Huang pro ride in the main car, that is, the car; the first car is the lead car, also known as the ritual ceremony, that is, the standing car.

It can be imagined that in the city of Xianyang more than two thousand years ago, the first emperor whenever out of the palace, before the ceremonial car Xu Xu line road, behind the colorful car in the four horses pulling, rolling forward, the scene is very spectacular.

Regarding the situation of Qin Shi Huang's two cars out of the patrol, history records a story. It was 218 BC a late autumn, Qin Shi Huang east patrol arrived in Henan Yangwu, one day the car traveling to a valley, but see both sides of the mountains on the leaves of the gold, swaying with the wind. The first time I saw this was when I was a young man, and it was the first time I had ever seen a man with a big hammer, and it was the first time I had ever seen a man with a big hammer.

The first emperor's guards rushed to come, but the big man has fled like smoke, the result of Qin Shi Huang unhurt, the first car driver was killed by the hammer. The first car driver was killed by a hammer blow. The first car is the first car of the first emperor, and the first car is the first car of the first emperor, and the first car is the first car of the first emperor, and the first car is the first car of the first emperor.

The carriage with two carriages that the first emperor rode on was also called the grate cool car, and the origin of this name is said to be due to the ventilation windows on the car, which can ventilate in the summer and keep warm in the winter, so it is warm in the winter and cool in the summer, and the temperature can be controlled at any time.

But when 210 BC, the first emperor of the fifth tour of the unfortunate death of Hebei Shachu, Li Si and other tightly blocked the news, every day, let the people to the emperor as usual to send food, as usual to the emperor to play things, because the day was too hot, the review of the cool car finally cooled down enough, the rotting body of the first emperor of Qin Shi Huang will soon emit a stench. Li Si and other afraid of accompanying staff smell the body odor, leak the secret, so they got a car of stinky fish, after the Qin Shi Huang grates cool car. The disgusting and funny situation can be imagined.

Later, when they arrived at Xianyang Palace, Zhao Gao Gao gave Fu Su a death sentence and established Hu Hai as the second emperor.

10. Today, the most advanced technology, it is difficult to copy the terracotta warriors, which is a mystery that can not be solved.

There is an old Chinese saying that "it is easy to paint a ghost, but difficult to paint a horse". The saying originated from Han Fei, a thinker of the Warring States period.

Why is it easier to draw a ghost than a horse? Because ghosts do not have any shape, no one has seen, can love how to draw how to draw. But dogs and horses and so on, are living, commonplace, to draw good can not be half a point of error.

Perhaps because of this, so our ancient realistic works of art are very few, the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang is the earliest direct expression of the political life of our country so far found and military organization of the works.

Taking an overview of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Qin Shi Mausoleum, there are two main features:

Firstly, as a whole, it gives people the impression that it is many and large. It is said that, so far, has been excavated terracotta warriors has reached seven, eight thousand pieces of more, which in the history of the world sculpture is still rare, the Qin mausoleum of the meat figurines are larger, with real people, real horses as high. Before and after this, has not been found higher than the group group sculpture.

Secondly, from the point of view of each terracotta figurine, it gives people the feeling of fine, beautiful. Its fine in the fine carving; its beauty lies in the molding of a rich character image, showing the inner activities and ideological character of many Qin Dynasty soldiers. It can be described as an authentic realistic work of art.

The Qin people love horses, because it started with horse breeding, so the observation of the horse is meticulous, the sculpture of the ceramic horse is also extraordinarily realistic image. Qin Mausoleum unearthed ceramic horse, about one meter high, body length of two meters, four ceramic horses for a group, dragging the wood four a, one by one, open mouth bridle, ears erect, forehead split mane, eyes open, strong and healthy.

Qin mausoleum in the terracotta warriors, each weighing more than three hundred kilograms, height in 1.11 meters or so. According to its attire can be divided into two categories: a class wearing a cross-necked right Pei short brown, Le belt, bundled hair, hair bristles in favor of the upper right side of the head, legs tied line knee, foot square-mouthed Qi head shoes. These terracotta arm to make different postures, according to its side out of the soldier's weaponry, can judge that some of them are holding a crossbow machine, bow and arrow, carrying a bag of arrows, bag full of copper vectors; some of them hold a spear; some of them waist crossbow knife, so on and so forth.

The second type of body is short, the outer mirror armor, foot short boots or square mouth Qi head shoes. Infantry are tied legs, head hair or wear round soft hat. The car of the armor is also tied legs embryo crotch, head tied hair suss wear small crown.

The Qin mausoleum terracotta warriors in the appearance of different demeanor, which can be distinguished from their age, type of soldier, position and spiritual style. Riding terracotta eyes clear and grab, modeling dry, age in forty or so. Bow curved hand "body as if wearing board, head as if excited egg, left limb rubbing, right foot horizontal, left hand as attached branch, right hand as holding children, lifting crossbow looking at the enemy, open and close the heart of the pharyngeal gas, and gas all hair." Some of the soil pawns are sophisticated and calm, some are simple and lively, some stare ahead, some bow their heads in contemplation. Generals or deep, like a long time in the battlefield, winning; or grim, such as the first thatched hut, ready to fight ......

Such a beautifully realistic and large-scale terracotta warriors and horses, into the form of military formations displayed in front of the world, giving people a feeling of extraordinary.

It is said that when the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Emperor were first displayed, some foreign visitors who were outgoing must have entered the exhibition hall and screamed "ah ah" in excitement, and some even danced on the spot.

Indeed, even if you are not easy to emotional people, see this magnificent scene can not help but be shocked, the heart shaking, seems to feel that the horses hoofs, wheels rolling, thousands of troops to hair, footsteps. This scene, very naturally reminiscent of the Qin and the six wars of the magnificent scene: the mighty army of the King of Qin, the army neat, invincible ...... as Li Bai poem described:

The King of Qin sweeps the six, the Tiger's eye He Xiongya!

Waving the sword to break the floating clouds, the vassals all come west.

So, how did so many of the world's earliest and largest individual terracotta figurines that we see today get made and come out? It is said that this question began to modern researchers are a difficult problem. Because after the discovery of the Qin figurines, there are people specializing in sculpture and kiln firing, want to imitate a terracotta figurine, but many tests have failed, and finally took several months, only finally burned one, but the pottery horse has never been burned.

Later, cultural relics restoration workers, in the process of restoration of terracotta figurines, ceramic horses, after careful observation and research, only to gradually figure out the method of production.

This method is summarized as plastic, mold combination, piece production, set together the whole package, into the kiln firing. That is to say, in the manufacturing process, the combination of clay and mold production, mainly clay.

Terracotta figurines of the limbs, Zhui Ping, first and good Lishan sinking mud, like other pottery, with clay coiled, molded into a large sample. The head is molded into a gourd dipper with clay, two dipper sticky Zhuang together, it became the head type. After the large samples molded, and then scraping, chipping, piling, digging, carving, sticking, painting and other methods, further fine processing, and ultimately shaped.

Terracotta figurines of the various parts of the sculpture into the first drying, and then the head set on the body, the tail mounted on the horseshoe, put into the kiln firing, the temperature is determined to be more than 900 degrees Celsius to more than 1,200 degrees Celsius.

The kiln that burned the terracotta warriors, has not yet been found, so it is difficult to say whether the above speculation is correct. In short, how the terracotta warriors and horses in the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang are made is still a mystery,

11. Xiang Yu, Huang Chao, Zhu Wen are grave robbers.

The mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is rich in treasures, which can not help but attract the attention of the world. Over the past two thousand years, Qin Shi Huang's tomb has suffered many serious damage, many times by the people robbed, the mausoleum of the ground building destroyed. There are two major recorded large-scale destruction.

One was in 206 AD, after Xiang Yu entered the pass, he set fire to the mausoleum one by one from east to west. At that time, Fan Zeng had advised Xiang Yu not to destroy the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, but Xiang Yu ignored the bitterness and sent Ying Bu to lead 100,000 soldiers to surround the mausoleum, killing all the Qin mausoleum guards and some of the construction of the civil workers.

It is said that after Ying Bu led his troops to the mausoleum, he walked around the ruins of the mausoleum for three days and three nights, but he did not know where the door of the underground palace was. One day at noon, Ying Bu was drinking wine, and suddenly saw a crane coming from the south, flying to the mountains behind Mount Li.

Three days later, Ying Bu ordered his soldiers to dig a ditch around the area, looking for the door to the underground palace. Suddenly, an old man came and told Ying Bu the secrets of the tomb of the First Emperor. With his guidance, Ying Bu found the door to the underground city.

When the door opened, countless arrows suddenly shot out from inside, killing and injuring countless soldiers on the spot, then countless strange birds flew out, chirping and scattering, and countless strange beasts rushed out, biting and injuring a lot of soldiers and then fleeing around. Ying Bu didn't dare to enter the door, and invited Xiang Yu to come over to watch, or Xiang Yu's boldness, with an order, he rushed into the tomb with the first earth soldiers. Xiang Yu was stunned to see the bright lights and starry nights in the tomb, and he also saw the rolling hills and verdant trees in front of him. Xiang Yu was stunned to see the rolling hills and verdant trees in front of him, and the majestic passes in the mountain gorges, which are precisely the Hangu Pass. Xiang Yu just want to rush forward, suddenly from the pass shot a burst of arrows, Xiang Yu had to lead the crowd to the south, into a side door, but see inside the tripod file jade, gold beads and gravel, abandoned meandering.

Xiang Yu used three hundred thousand people to move a month, not finished, due to the military emergency, had to give up, sealed the tomb door as it was, back away. So far, there is a deep ditch in the south and north of the tomb, and the people called it "King's Ditch", which is really the work of Ying Bu.

Another huge destruction is the end of the Tang Dynasty, the yellow voice rebels into the Guanzhong, due to insufficient food and pay, Huang Chao sent Zhu Wen dry.

At that time, Zhu Wen led more than 10,000 soldiers to the mausoleum, but see the front of a mountain, the mountain, the mountain around the cypress tree is lush, the scenery is very charming, Song Wen actually do not know what to do for a moment. Being hesitant, from the front of the woods out of an old man, let Zhu Wen from the southeast to dig 1000 meters deep.

After Zhu Wen really dug out a city gate, open the door naturally many soldiers were shot. Zhu Wen entered the underground palace, when the palace is more dark, but the internal structure is still clearly visible, Zhu Wen was shocked, thought it was to Fuzhou. Song Wen, who has been reading books since he was a child, knows a little about the internal structure of the tomb of the First Emperor, and knows that this is the geographical layout of the underground palace.

Zhu Wen opened one of the gates and moved a lot of jewelry, but because the number of deaths is increasing, Zhu Wen thought it was the First Emperor's spirit of anger, only to close the tomb, to Huang Chao to hand over his orders to go.

Later, Zhu Wen became the emperor of the Liang Dynasty, had privately sent people to prepare for the excavation of the mausoleum, but always do not know where the population of the underground palace, and even the original dug the place is not recognized to please, get unknown.

In the Republic of China, the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang also suffered bad luck, from the bottom of the mausoleum to the top of the mausoleum, repair full of war ditch.

Long years, long river. Qin Huang Mausoleum in the long river of history wearing a layer and layer of veil, sadness and joy, the vicissitudes of the world, when the Qin Emperor has been in the ground for two thousand years, before the life of the majestic momentum of the heavenly kingdom, the kind of high in the world away from the dignity of the son of heaven, has left the earth how many mysterious yearning and even sigh, and after the death of the exhaustive efforts to exhaust the world's people camping the emperor Huang Huang the first mausoleum of the ancient times, the former and the latter, and Let more

Less future generations of children and grandchildren laugh about.

"If the sky has love, the sky is old, the right way is the vicissitudes of life", the mausoleum of the Qin Emperor that in the history of the veil, will be slowly in time, layer by layer to be uncovered down. By then, the mysterious Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum will give the world a marvel!

12. And so the Qin Shi Wang premonition of his own will soon be dead, he in addition to the palace, the army, etc. can not let go outside, but also can not let go of that left many good memories of the Shanglin Yuan.

As early as 1977, archaeologists in the southwest of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang found a group of burial pits. They are distributed in the north and south eighty meters, east and west twenty-five meters; the area of about two thousand square meters, *** there are three rows of rectangular mounds. On both sides of the barrow, there are terracotta figurines in a seated position, they are facing east, their faces and hands are painted with pink color, and their robes are painted with green or red, and some of them have whiskers painted on their lips, indicating that they are men.

In front of the terracotta figurines, there are clay pots and jars. In the middle of the mound, there is a large tile coffin, in which is a pile of animal bones. Tile coffin head, there is a pottery bowl and a copper ring, this group of burial goods in the end is what people or something, people momentarily puzzled, and then historians and other people after some examination, finally unraveled this mystery.

It turned out that our country's ancient emperors, there is a city or the capital city near the construction of the court surroundings, in order to raise the traditional habits of rare birds or exotic animals. This traditional habit from when there is no test, but the historical record of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, there is a spirit of the catch, within the breeding of deer and white birds and so on.

During the Qin Dynasty, there was a famous garden called Shanglin Yuan, which was later inherited by the Han Dynasty. And in the court has a full-time officials, responsible for the management of the court of birds and animals and the palace, all the birds and animals have to be registered, and different birds and animals have different people to feed, the division of labor is extremely detailed. The Han Dynasty literati Yang Xiong wrote a famous "on the forest fugu", the situation recorded that is the Han Dynasty's Imperial Court, the text said that the birds and animals raised in the Shanglin Yuan have geese, herons, unicorns, camels and lions and so on.

Shanglin Yuan was the imperial court of Qin Shi Huang. He was busy in the early years of his life to unify the great cause, brilliant; can be late in life, but greedy for comfort, extravagance and corruption, in the Shanglin Yuan Palace pavilion, set up the world's exotic animals and rare birds, every day by the court accompanied by the pleasure of the pleasure, and can be described as "scenery" for a while.

Such as the first emperor predicted that he will soon be the world, he in addition to the palace, the army, etc. can not let go outside, but also can not let go of the many fond memories of the Shanglin Yuan, and thus the mausoleum did not plan, but also will be planned in. The original Shanglinyuan separated from the Weishui River. South of the capital of Qin Xianyang, the first emperor will put it again to the southwest of the mausoleum. From this, we can see that the winning government did want to bring everything in his life to the side of the netherworld.

There are landscapes and trees in the Shanglin Yuan, and it seems that none of these could be enshrined, or were not very important to the First Emperor, so he only buried the rare birds and animals in it to his side. The group of burial pits described above is also called the precious animals pit.

In the tiled coffins in the Precious Beasts Pit, the precious beasts were buried, and the bronze rings were the ornaments of the precious beasts. Those sitting terracotta figurines