How to breed Huilan?

(1) Number of leaves: Cymbidium hybridum, also known as Cymbidium hybridum, Cymbidium hybridum and Xia Lan, has 5-9 leaves per plant, generally 6-7 leaves, with a leaf length of about 25-80 cm, a width of about 1cm and a height of upright.

(2) The annual new leaf buds of Orchidaceae were unearthed from early May to early June, and the autumn buds were unearthed from late July to mid-August. There is a slow period of about 20 days after the new leaf buds are unearthed. The leaf exhibition period is from mid-June to late July, from July to 10, and the dormant period is 1 1 to February of the following year. It is very important to cultivate more than 3 seedlings of Cymbidium hybridum, and it is not easy to survive under 3 seedlings. It takes about 3 years for each orchid seedling to grow.

(3) The flower buds of Cymbidium hybridum are unearthed in early September of 10 every year, and stop growing after about 2-3 cm. It takes about 5 months (5 degrees) of spring and hibernation to produce a pleasant and fragrant flower. The flowering period is from late March to late April every year. Flowering in early and late May.

(4) The suitable growth temperature of Cymbidium hybridum is 15-25℃, not more than 38℃ in summer and not less than -5℃ in winter, and the reproductive growth temperature is 10-20℃. Cymbidium hybridum is the most cold-resistant and heat-resistant orchid in China.

(5) The requirement of Cymbidium hybridum for air humidity is 60%-75%, the air humidity should not be lower than 50% in winter dormancy period, and the humidity should be kept between 70%-80% in exogenous period.

(VI) Water requirement of Cymbidium hybridum: Its false scales and bulbs are small, so it is necessary to keep the basin soil moist, but it is the most drought-tolerant orchid in the national orchid. Its roots are thick and long, have certain water-holding capacity, and can cope with short-term drought (4 days), so root protection is the top priority in planting orchids. Be sure to understand the meaning of "dry in autumn, not wet in winter". There are many sunny days in early autumn, the heat is not exhausted, and the air is dry. Increasing air humidity is the most effective way to prevent blue leaves from burning.

(VII) Requirements of Cymbidium hybridum for light: Light is very important for the growth of Cymbidium hybridum. Cymbidium hybridum in the national orchid is the most light-loving orchid. In summer, when the sun is strongest, it needs shading about 60%, and in other seasons, it doesn't need shading.

(8) Cymbidium hybridum needs deep pot cultivation, and its roots are generally not cracked. Orchids should be selected with slender roots, tight shells, colorful buds and needle-like leaf sheaths. Its flowers are generally 5- 12, and a few can reach 18. Cymbidium is the best. There are many new products in Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi.

(9) Cymbidium hybridum prefers light to darkness, ventilation does not like occlusion, looseness does not like hardening, clumping does not like separation, and thinness does not like thick heat. Scientific fertilization of orchids

Summer is a very important season for scientific cultivation of orchids, which is related to whether the physiological death of old plants can be minimized, whether the new generation of seedlings can thrive, and whether the material and physiological basis can be accumulated for autumn pregnancy buds. Scientific fertilization is an important link in scientific cultivation of orchids. This paper discusses some experiences of scientific fertilization of orchids in summer.

First of all, we must master the principle of scientific fertilizer use.

(A) summer fertilization should adhere to the "balance of nitrogen and phosphorus".

Nitrogen is a "life element" in the process of plant cell protoplasm formation and metabolism, and phosphorus is an "essential element" for plant cell division and growth, especially for promoting root growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus play a very important role in the growth and development of orchids.

When the season enters early summer, the cold in early spring in the south of the Yangtze River gradually recedes, with abundant rain and pleasant temperature. It is a good opportunity for orchid buds to be unearthed, new roots to grow and young leaves to stretch. At this time, the growth and development center of Cymbidium hybridum has focused on the growth and development of new seedlings and new roots. The growth and development of seedlings and new roots depend on the formation of a large number of cell protoplasm and the continuous division of cells. Therefore, there should be enough nitrogen and phosphorus to meet the growth and development needs of cymbidium. If it can't meet its needs, Cymbidium hybridum will implement self-regulation in the body and transfer nutrients from the old plant to future generations, so as to realize the purpose of alternating the old with the new and reproducing future generations. After nutrient transfer, the leaves of the old plant gradually turn yellow from the tip, from top to bottom, from the periphery to the inside of the plant, and then die. The new seedlings developed under the condition of lack of fertilizer are often weak and cannot grow into big seedlings. Therefore, nitrogen and phosphorus must be the main elements of fertilization in summer to meet the needs of the growth and development of new seedlings and new roots.

(2) Potassium fertilizer should be added in July. Increasing the amount of potash fertilizer does not mean that potash fertilizer is not used at ordinary times, but in proportion.

Potassium mainly exists in Cymbidium hybridum in ionic state, which is different from nitrogen and phosphorus and does not participate in the composition of important organic substances in Cymbidium hybridum. But potassium can activate many enzymes in the body. It has a great effect on improving the content of lignin and cellulose in the body and enhancing the toughness of leaves and stems. It has a significant impact on reproductive growth centered on flowering and fruiting.

July is the extension period of Cymbidium hybridum leaves. Because the leaves of Cymbidium hybridum are banded, and some of them are as long as 50 cm, July is the basic period to keep the leaves of Cymbidium hybridum tough, straight and beautiful. Only by increasing the application amount of potassium fertilizer in July and increasing the content of lignin and cellulose in orchid plants during the leaf growth period can the cell wall of leaves be thickened and have developed mechanical tissue, thus reflecting the inherent characteristics of orchid plants.

July is an important period for the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of Whelan. Since July, the buds of Cymbidium hybridum will start to differentiate and reproduce. Generally speaking, buds are differentiated and propagated on strong plants last year. Whether buds can differentiate and propagate depends on sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Therefore, applying potassium fertilizer in July is an important measure to ensure the differentiation and fragrance of cymbidium in the middle of next year.

Second, we should pay attention to the method of applying thin fertilizer frequently.

Thin fertilizer, that is, fertilizer should be dissolved and diluted with enough water in proportion. Diligent application means applying fertilizer many times in a certain period of time. (1) General principle of fertilizer absorption by Cymbidium hybridum.

Fertilizers can be divided into two types. One is synthetic inorganic fertilizers, such as urea, compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Huabao and so on. These inorganic fertilizers are called inorganic salts for short. The other is organic fertilizer, such as cow dung, vegetable cake and bean cake. Inorganic fertilizers in soil (substrate) must be dissolved in water and become ions before they can be absorbed by roots. Organic fertilizer in soil (substrate) must be decomposed into simple inorganic substances by microorganisms, and then it can be absorbed by roots.

How do roots absorb inorganic salts from soil (matrix)?

The part of Cymbidium hybridum root system absorbing inorganic salts is in the root tip without cork. It is an active physiological process, mainly through ion exchange, usually through soil (matrix) solution, that is, the root system itself produces a root pressure, so that the ions in the root system can be exchanged with the ions dissolved in the soil. After ion exchange, inorganic salt ions are adsorbed on the protoplasm surface of root cells. This is the first step. Therefore, the key of ion exchange (that is, fertilizer is absorbed) lies in whether the concentration of root cell fluid is balanced with the concentration of fertilizer in soil. If the concentration of fertilizer is higher than that of root cell sap, root water will flow to the fertilizer, which will not only be absorbed, but also cause root damage. Under the conditions of pot culture and coarse-grained substrate cultivation, the water content of the substrate in the pot is often insufficient. Therefore, diluting fertilizer with enough water is an important prerequisite to ensure that Cymbidium hybridum can absorb fertilizer smoothly without damaging the root system. The second step is the general principle of inorganic salt absorption by Cymbidium hybridum roots. Once the ions outside the roots enter the root cells, their main destination is to pass through a series of living cells in the roots, and finally enter the catheter, which is transported to pseudobulb along with the water flow in the catheter, and then transported to the chlorophyll in the leaves, which is the main organ in the aboveground part, to undergo photosynthesis with water and carbon dioxide under the action of sunlight, and then the organic matter generated by photosynthesis is transferred and distributed to the most needed growth center and other parts through the sieve tube.

(B) the relationship between internal and external factors and diligent application of thin fertilizer

Internally speaking, Cymbidium hybridum plants are relatively tall (compared with Cymbidium hybridum and Qiu Lan), but pseudobulb is much smaller than Cymbidium hybridum and Qiu Lan, because pseudobulb is a warehouse for storing nutrients and water, and pseudobulb is small, that is, the storage capacity is small. In wild conditions, the root system of Cymbidium hybridum is developed to make up for the shortage of storage caused by the small pseudobulb, and the growth needs of aboveground parts are met by developed root groups and strong underground absorption capacity. However, under the condition of artificial cultivation, due to the limitation of potted plant capacity, the advantages of developed root groups of Cymbidium hybridum cannot be brought into play, and the nutrients absorbed by roots often cannot meet the needs of aboveground growth and development, and various elements must be supplemented in sufficient quantities for many times to meet them. From the external factors, at present, most Lanyou plants orchids only from the perspective of permeability, and most of them use coarse-grained substrates, such as yellow bricks, volcanic rocks and fairy soil. These basic fertilizers have poor performance and limited fertilizer can be released. Regular application of thin fertilizer can make up for the poor performance of coarse grain-based fertilizer, make up for the lack of nutrients in the substrate itself, and ensure normal growth and development. Third, we should take the "shortcut" of topdressing outside the roots. Topdressing outside the root is a fertilization method in which fertilizers are mixed at a certain concentration and sprayed on the leaves, and then enter the leaves through the pores and cuticles of the leaves. The advantage of this method is that it can save the amount of fertilization, can be used in combination with water spraying and pesticide spraying, or can be sprayed alone at any time, which can achieve the purposes of saving labor, money and quick effect. Topdressing outside the root is a fertilization method different from soil fertilization and similar to intravenous injection of animals. It can greatly shorten the transportation distance of nutrients and achieve the purpose of fertilizer efficiency in a short time. Top dressing outside the roots For Whelan, as long as the stomata of the leaves can be opened, fertilizer and water can directly enter the chlorophyll in the leaves from the stomata of the leaves, and as long as there is sunshine, it can immediately enter the process of photosynthesis. Topdressing outside the roots is generally not limited by fertilizer varieties (inorganic fertilizers). It is necessary to start from each growth center, pay attention to the scientific collocation of various elements, strictly control the proportion of water, rather dilute than thick, eat less and eat more meals. Spray water on the leaves the next day after each topdressing, which can not only improve the fertilizer efficiency, but also keep the leaves clean and make the stomata of the leaves open freely.

In some areas, the history of orchid cultivation is not long, and it is generally believed that cymbidium is easy to raise, but cymbidium is difficult to raise. In fact, it is not difficult to raise orchids as long as you know their growth characteristics and environment.

In recent years, I have potted a batch of orchids every year and sold them after flowering. Because of its fragrance and low price, the market is ok, and I can also choose orchids from it. Part of the unsold cymbidium was maintained in the orchid shed, and it still sprouted and blossomed the next year. Some have been raised for three or four years, and all have become mature grass. Their leaves are obviously shorter than before, and their leaves have increased their luster without burning tips, which is very gratifying.

In addition to normal management, I also took the following measures to raise Cymbidium hybridum, and achieved ideal results.

(1) deeply planted. Pseudobulb of Cymbidium hybridum is small, with high toenails, and it won't rot at all when planted deep. Experience has proved that the deeply planted cymbidium grows better than the money planted cymbidium, and the new seedlings are strong and easy to bloom. At first, there was a cluster of orchids, the roots of which were cut to only 3 cm long, while the orchid plants were as high as 80 cm. After planting according to the normal method, the orchid plant can't stand upright, so I try to plant it deeper, about 6 cm. As a result, this potted flower germinated better than other normal plants and blossomed again the next year. As a result, I deeply cultivated cymbidium in the future and achieved good results. Once, I got two seedlings of Cymbidium hybridum, four of which were only 4 cm long, all of which were broken from bulbs, and the roots of Cymbidium hybridum obviously showed signs of soaking. So I first soaked pseudobulb in rooting agent for 30 minutes and planted it 6 cm deep. After two months of observation, it was found that only a few steel wires were left in the original roots, and three thick roots about 4 cm long were born. Two years later, the orchid has developed into six seedlings.

(2) spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves. Spray 800 times solution twice a week before new roots are born, and once every half month after rooting, all year round. In this way, the orchid plants are supplemented with sufficient nutrition and the differentiation of leaf buds and flower buds is promoted. The most rare thing is that a strong seedling of cymbidium actually sends out two flower arrows, and then sends out two seedlings after flowering.

(3) put plastic greenhouses for maintenance all the year round. There is no heating and grass in winter. In summer, add 60% sunshade net in the shed 60 cm away from the sun to cool down. Due to the high humidity in the plastic shed, Cymbidium hybridum grows many seedlings and grows vigorously. When it is blue, its surface is shiny and it is not easy to burn. However, sterilization and insecticidal drugs must be sprayed frequently to prevent pests and diseases.

4 use deep pots and large pots of flowers. The roots of cymbidium are thick and long. Generally, the small pots for raising Cymbidium hybridum can't meet the growth needs of Cymbidium hybridum, so it is necessary to use deeper and larger pottery pots and plant more pots. In this way, orchids grow well and bloom every year.