Introduction of Chongyang Culture in Xixia County, the Hometown of Chongyang Culture in China

Chongyang in Xixia County has a profound cultural background and a long history. According to records, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Jutan County was established for 250 years because of the popularity of the Double Ninth Festival and Juhua Mountain. Scholars such as Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Du Fu, Su Shi and Yuan Haowen all went to Xixia to enjoy chrysanthemums, and left many poems and songs related to the Double Ninth Festival in Xixia. In Xixia County, there are more than 20 geographical indications named after Chongyang and related to Chongyang. The existing "Tian Zi Wannian Monument" and "Li Shiwa" in Chongyang Temple in Chongyang Town are strong evidence that the mother of Princess Chongyang, Li Niangniang, once lived here and was introduced into Chongyang culture in the ancient court. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, people climb mountains, shout mountains, drink chrysanthemum wine, eat Chongyang cakes and wear dogwood capsules here, which has been circulating for thousands of years.

Chongyang Culture and Xixia

On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the sun and the moon merge into one, so it is called Chongyang, also known as Chongyang. The Double Ninth Festival began in ancient times, formed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and was popular in the Western Han Dynasty. Qu Yuan's A Journey to the Far East contains the content of "Gathering Chongyang into the Imperial Palace and clearing the capital from the tenth day". In the Han Dynasty, the Double Ninth Festival has become an established festival, which has been passed down to this day. The Double Ninth Festival has a great influence in China, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. This is a traditional folk festival deeply respected and loved by China people. 1989, the State Council officially designated the Double Ninth Festival as "Old People's Day", which means "longevity" on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In 2006, the State Council designated the Double Ninth Festival as China's Intangible Cultural Heritage Day.

"Chongyang Culture in Xixia" in History

Xixia County is located in the southwest border of Henan, the intersection of Henan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, and the intersection of Qin Feng and Chu Yun. Humanistic culture and folk culture are intertwined, forming a unique regional culture. Chongyang culture has a long history in Xixia. The name of Chongyang Store in Xixia County has lasted for thousands of years, and it is now the seat of Chongyang Town, named after Chongyang, which is the only one in China. The famous Tangtan and Chrysanthemum Mountain in Xixia in the Tang Dynasty were the first choice for literati and poets in the Tang Dynasty to climb mountains and write poems in September.

Xixia has been known as the hometown of chrysanthemum culture since ancient times, and Danshui Chrysanthemum Mountain is a famous scenic spot throughout the ages. Han Bangu said in "Geography of Hanshu": "Analyze the chrysanthemum water and the valley" (analyze the county, that is, Xixia County today). As well as Ying Shao's Custom Tong in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ge Hong's Bao Puzi, Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and Ou Yangxun, a folklorist in the Tang Dynasty. The beautiful scenery of Juhua Mountain and the magic of Jutan Water are recorded in detail.

Xixia is not only the eternal hometown of chrysanthemum, the cultural theme of Double Ninth Festival, but also the only cultural center of Double Ninth Festival in China. The famous archaeologist recorded in The Times of Three Emperors and Five Emperors that around 2240 BC, the son of Yao established a military fortress "Chongyang Store" here. According to the section of Xixia County Records (Volume), in the twelfth year of Ming Chenghua (1476), Xixia County had 1 1 insurance, namely Neixiang Insurance, Freshwater Insurance, Jutan Insurance and Chongyang Insurance. Judging from the evolution of zoning, Chongyang Store was independently insured as early as the twelfth year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, and its traceability is difficult to distinguish, but it has not changed so far. Chongyang Temple at the foot of Foye Mountain in Chongyang Store is the only temple named after Chongyang in China. In the rebuilt Chongyang Temple, the "Tian Zi Wannian Monument" and "Gongli Stone Tiles" excavated from the site of the old Chongyang Temple are preserved. The keepsakes of folk culture in Chongyang Town are all related to Chongyang culture.

"Xixia Chongyang Culture" in Poetry and Prose

No matter how the years change, the Double Ninth Festival culture with chrysanthemum and dogwood as the theme has been passed down in Xixia as a regional main vein culture.

In 3 12 BC, Qu Yuan was exiled for the first time to the north of the Han River, in Xixia. Now there is a village called Quyuangang and a Quyuanmiao in Xiaxiahuiche Town. In Li Sao, Qu Yuan wrote that "eating autumn chrysanthemums and losing the English" means eating Chongyang cake. "Drinking osmanthus wine and pepper paste" in "East Emperor Taiyi" means brewing dogwood wine to pay homage to East Emperor Taiyi. "Gathering the Double Ninth Festival in the Imperial Palace" in Journey is to introduce the cultural customs of the Double Ninth Festival in Xixia into the Chu Palace.

Literati such as Li Bai, Meng Haoran, Du Fu, Jia Dao, Su Shi, Yuan Haowen and Zheng Banqiao all visited the Chrysanthemum Mountain in Xixia during the Double Ninth Festival, and wrote a large number of poems describing the culture of Chongyang in Xixia, such as Feeling for the Old, Finding the Master of Chrysanthemum Lake, Appreciating Chrysanthemum, and Uncle Pi Liu in Shimen.

In particular, Yuan Haowen, a great poet in the Jin Dynasty, set up a new Zhai in Bailuyuan at the foot of the Chrysanthemum Mountain for three years when he was appointed as the county magistrate (1230), for the sake of his mother's concern. Watching chrysanthemums in Chrysanthemum Lake and climbing Chrysanthemum Mountain became an indispensable part of his Double Ninth Festival. On the Double Ninth Festival culture and Xixia chrysanthemum culture, dozens of poems have been published, such as Su Ju Tan, Fan Yin Ju Tan Qiu, Shui Diao Song Toushou Xin Zhai, Dan Shui Ju Tan Gui, Farewell to an Old Friend Before Song Dynasty, and Seven Wonders of Wanshou Mountain.

"Xixia Chongyang Culture" in Folklore

There are many legends about Chongyang culture in Xixia County, among which the legend of "Princess Chongyang" is the longest and has the greatest influence. During the reign of Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Li, the beloved queen, was harmed by the Yan family and fled to Chongyang Store via the ancient road in Qin Chu. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, a girl was born, named Chongyang girl. A few years later, in autumn, Empress Li died of a great plague. Later, the Chongyang girl grew up and led the local people to kill the plague and avenge her mother on the ninth Double Ninth Festival of the ninth lunar month. She was named Princess Chongyang by Andy. Every year around the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, Chongyang women bring chrysanthemums, dogwood, chrysanthemum wine and dogwood wine back to Beijing to worship their ancestors, and introduce local folk customs such as climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums, drinking chrysanthemum wine and inserting dogwood into the palace. From then on, the custom of the Double Ninth Festival was introduced into the palace by the people, and spread from the palace to all parts of China. Princess Chongyang passed away at 100. The local people built Chongyang Temple for Princess Chongyang, and came to worship on the Double Ninth Festival every year. From the daughter of Chongyang to the princess of Chongyang and then to Chongyang Temple, people praise and worship a woman, so people call the Double Ninth Festival "Daughter's Day".

Chrysanthemum Mountain and Chongyang Temple in Xixia are the distribution centers of ancient Double Ninth Festival culture and folk customs, and the custom of Double Ninth Festival is particularly prominent in Xixia. There are mainly mountain climbing, chrysanthemum viewing, dogwood planting, wearing dogwood bags, eating Chongyang cakes, drinking chrysanthemum wine and dogwood wine, and taking married daughters home for the holidays to respect the elderly.

In addition to the above folk customs, there is another important custom in Xixia Double Ninth Festival. The Double Ninth Festival in September of the lunar calendar is an important festival in Chongyang Temple. Local people and people from neighboring Hubei, Shaanxi and other places also gathered in Chongyang Temple, calling for friends, offering whole grains, praising Queen Li and Chongyang women, putting Chongyang cake, chrysanthemum wine and dogwood branches on the memorial table, and then helping the old and the young to climb Chrysanthemum Mountain, Foye Mountain and Mountain to look into the distance. Everyone wears dogwood buns, every family makes Chongyang cakes, and every family must brew chrysanthemum wine. At the same time, there is another drama in Chongyang Temple, the highlight of which is a play arranged according to the legend of Li Niangniang in Chongyang Temple. After the ceremony, every household will eat Chongyang cake and drink chrysanthemum wine on the same day.

"Chongyang Culture in Xixia" in Reality

In recent years, Xixia County has built Chongyang culture into an important tourism culture industry and strived to inherit and carry forward excellent traditional culture. The Chongyang Cultural Research and Development Leading Group and Xixia Chongyang Cultural Research Association have been established successively to conduct preliminary research on Chongyang culture, formulate the protection plan of "Chongyang Cultural Hometown", organize the compilation of the film script "Chongyang Temple" and publish the book "Exploring the Origin of Chongyang Festival". Invested in restoring Chongyang Temple and Gaoshang Stage, and successfully registered the general websites of "China Chongyang Culture Hometown" and "China Chrysanthemum Culture Hometown" in China Internet Information Center. From July 17 to July 19 this year, China Folk Literature and Art Association organized experts and professors to go to Xixia for field investigation and demonstration. They agreed that Chongyang culture in Xixia has a long history, rich ancient records, numerous sites and rich folk culture. It is believed that Xixia is an important inheritance place of Chongyang culture. At this year's Chongyang Cultural Festival, the China Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood awarded Xixia County the plaque of "the hometown of Chongyang culture in China".

In order to build the brand of "the hometown of Chongyang culture", Xixia made a detailed plan for the development of Chongyang culture, and will restore Chongyang Temple and Gaotai to the stage, and build a theme square of Chongyang culture in Foye Mountain. Develop and construct tourist attractions such as Chongyang Culture in Cai Yun and Chrysanthemum Culture in Chrysanthemum Mountain, develop tourism products such as Chongyang cake, Cornus officinalis capsule, chrysanthemum pillow and chrysanthemum wine, and hold Chongyang Cultural Festival to make Chongyang Culture the leader of Xixia cultural tourism industry.