Development history of Mongolian medicine

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the nomadic economy in the northern ethnic areas developed considerably. Camels raised by herders are regarded as "exotic animals" in the Central Plains, and they regard "crispy" made in camel milk as a good product for nourishing the body. There are many "crisp preparations" and "crisp foundations" in the tradition of Mongolian medicine. There is also "horse milk therapy" and so on. In the Tang Dynasty, as early as the 7th century when Princess Wencheng and Princess Jincheng entered Tibet, there was a doctor in Tibet, and the local people called him "Subumimba" (Tibetan, meaning Mongolian medicine). Because of his excellent medical skills, he is known as "a good doctor from beginning to end". The Yuan Dynasty is a new period for Mongolian medicine to expound the past and enlighten the future. Kublai Khan, Yuan Shizu, "set up four people to cure too much" in the imperial court, specializing in diet nutrition and hygiene. Dr. Hu Sihui, a doctor of diet, has compiled a three-volume Diet (A.D. 1330), which is the earliest monograph on nutrition in China. /kloc-At the beginning of the 3rd century, after Genghis Khan, the first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, unified the entire Mongolian nation, he became more closely associated with other fraternal nationalities in China, especially the Han nationality, and began trade and cultural exchanges with Indian, Arabian, European and other countries and regions. Therefore, the Mongolian economy and culture have also developed, and handicrafts and ancient Mongolian characters have appeared. There are also records about Mongolian moxibustion in the Four Medical Codes written by Yuto Yuan Dan Kampot, a western Tibetan medical scientist, and Mongolian bloodletting therapy is also mentioned in the book Yuan Dan Kampot, Yuto. Ancient Mongolians who galloped on the vast grassland all the year round often suffered from war injuries, falls, fractures and other diseases, which objectively required them to explore ways to overcome these diseases. Therefore, bonesetting and brain strengthening therapy is also one of the important contents of early Mongolian medicine. There are also cauterization therapy for wounds and abdominal cavity therapy for seriously injured people (that is, the abdominal cavity of cattle or camels is cut open, the injured person is put in and treated with warmth). In the Yuan Dynasty, dietotherapy was systematically summarized and developed. "Diet is Coming" written by Hu Sihui, a famous imperial doctor and Mongolian nutritionist in Yuan Dynasty, recorded a lot of contents of Mongolian food hygiene and dietotherapy. Such as horse milk, bovine bone marrow, cheese and nutrition and hygiene, occupy a considerable proportion in the book. This book occupies an important historical position in China's medical nutrition. Mongolian medicine and Chinese medicine have been communicating for a long time. Sui Fang's Etiology contains a lot of medical and health knowledge of northern nationalities. Many northern minority doctors devoted themselves to the study of traditional Chinese medicine and introduced it to Mongolia. For example, the Song Dynasty's "Total Records of Holy Relics" was lost in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the manuscripts preserved by Yidi were preserved. Yelv Shucheng in Liao Dynasty translated some Chinese medicine books into minority languages, which were widely circulated. There is also the book "Pulse Tactics and Acupuncture" written by Zhilugu, which has always been valued by the people in the Central Plains. It is still recorded in the Book of Shishantang compiled by Chen Di in the Ming Dynasty. Sha Tumusu, a Mongolian medical scientist in Yuan Dynasty, wrote fifteen volumes of Experience Prescriptions of Ruizhu Decoction in Chinese, which reflected some characteristics of Mongolian medicine, such as there are many prescriptions for treating wind-cold-dampness arthralgia, and there are hundreds of prescriptions in the book, some of which are practical and effective, and are still loved by doctors, such as Bazhen Powder and Siwei Xiangfu Pill, all from this book. The method of treating trauma with the milk of Euphorbia humifusa grown in the desert is still in use today. Mongolians in forest areas are particularly rich in knowledge of herbs. For example, Rasjidin recorded in Historical Records written in the 4th century A.D./KLOC-that the people of these Mongolian tribes, such as Wusizhiti, Guti and Kemi, were not only familiar with Mongolian medicine, but also famous for treating diseases with Mongolian medicine. With the continuous development of economic and cultural exchanges with domestic brothers and Arab, Indian and European countries, Mongolian Cistanche deserticola and animal medicines have spread to the mainland and abroad; At the same time, drugs from the mainland and foreign countries were also introduced into Mongolia, which promoted the development of Mongolian medicine.

/kloc-In the 4th century, Mongolian translator sharab Sanger translated Jin Guangming's The Best King of Scenery from Uighur and Tibetan into Mongolian. In the 24th chapter of the book, the author summarizes the theories of flat disease and aggregation disease put forward by He Yi, Sheila and Badagan in Eight Doctors of the Sacred Heart. Then some basic theories of ancient Indian medicine first spread in Mongolia. /kloc-In the 6th century, with the introduction of the Tibetan Lama's Yellow Religion into Mongolia, Tibetan doctors came to Mongolia in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. 1576, the classic work of Tibetan medicine "Four Medical Codes" was spread to Mongolia. The Indian Buddhist masterpiece Tanjur Sutra was translated into Mongolian at the end of 17, including the ancient Indian medical masterpiece Veda of Life (Eight Hearts). It played an important role in the development of Mongolian medicine. Mongolian medicine absorbed the theories of He Yi, Sheila and Badagen and the knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine based on the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements in Tibetan medicine and ancient Indian medicine, and carried out creative reform and development in combination with Mongolian regional characteristics and folk therapy. 18th century, a theoretical system dominated by the theory of cold and heat has been formed. Many Mongolian medical experts have emerged, compiling books and annotations, supplementing four medical books and other medical works, which have made great contributions to the development of Mongolian medicine.

Mongolian medicine includes basic theory, Mongolian medicine and Mongolian medicine prescription, clinical discipline and so on. The basic theory of Mongolian medicine mainly studies the principles and methods of diagnosis and treatment of human physiology, pathology and diseases, which is a subject of guiding significance to clinical departments. The theory of Mongolian medicine comes from clinical practice, which in turn guides clinical practice and is constantly enriched and developed in practice. It is not only the accumulation of medical experience, but also a set of academic theories sublimated from practice. In the long historical development process, influenced by ancient naive materialism and dialectical thought-Yin-Yang and Five Elements Theory, it absorbed some basic theories of Indian medicine, Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine, and has been continuously enriched and improved. Mongolian medicine is a comprehensive study of Mongolian medicine, which mainly studies the source, shape, origin, variety, authenticity identification, taste, efficacy, collection, processing, processing and storage of each Mongolian medicine. Mongolian medicine also summed up a set of medication rules and applied them in clinic to achieve the purpose of preventing diseases, treating diseases and keeping fit. Prescription is a subject that studies the preparation and application of drugs to prevent and treat diseases under the guidance of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine. The contents include the configuration principle, prescription rules, prescription dosage form, preparation technology, prescription function, indications, usage and dosage of Mongolian medicine. The clinical departments of Mongolian medicine include internal medicine, surgery, febrile diseases, gynecology, pediatrics, traditional therapy, orthopedics, ent, dermatology and so on. It is a unique discipline that dialectically analyzes, diagnoses and treats diseases under the guidance of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine.