China's famous stone

The ancient saying: "mountain without stone is not strange, water without stone is not clear, garden without stone is not show, room without stone is not elegant. Appreciate the stone to clear the mind, appreciate the stone pleasant, appreciate the stone puzzle, appreciate the stone pottery feelings, appreciate the stone longevity." "Stone is the bone of the garden."

The world's first stone - Lingbi stone, is all dependent on the nature of God's work of art of Chinese art treasures, by the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong, the Royal seal as "the world's first stone". Lingbi stone out of Lingbi County, Anhui Province, the northern part of the chime stone cloud mountain north of Pingchuan, by the ancient Surabaya water billions of years of wave impact, the peaks and gullies, the shape of the shape, a thousand shapes and sizes. And because it is a billion years ago, seaweed fossil, dark color into the sky, buckle the clanging sound, knocking from different angles can occur 1234567i eight syllables, so it is also known as the "eight sound stone". Lingbi stone also praised as "Lingbi", with its thin, transparent, leakage, wrinkled, hunchbacked, black, sound, ugly, hanging nine beauty all the world famous, vibration of the four sides, the taste of the highest to the highest. Its wonderful creation of attractive charm is that it set sound, color, shape, texture, texture of all the beauty in one, has an incomparably rich aesthetic connotation and high value of ornamental collection. "Lingbi stone is a stone in the world, sound like bronze color like jade", this is the Song Dynasty poet Fang Yan on the Lingbi stone issued by the heartfelt admiration. Limbi stone development is very early, as early as the "Shangshu - Yugong", there is Xuzhou tribute "Surabaya floating chime" record. Lingbi stone for the world's attention, has been three or four thousand years of history. It has always occupied a prominent position in the family of stone offerings. Yunlin Stone Spectrum" contains one hundred and sixteen kinds of stone products, Lingshi stone is placed in the first place to introduce; the Ming people Zhenhengheng wrote "Changshu Zhizhi", said "stone to Lingshi as the top, Yingshi second". Since ancient times, the famous stone collectors also have a collection of Lingbi treasures, which called the famous Su Shi's "small Penglai", Fan Chengda's "small Emei", Zhao Meng Hui's "five old peaks", and so on.

Taiwan.

Taihu Lake Stone

Taihu Lake Stone is one of the four famous ancient Chinese stone, produced in Taihu Lake and named, it refers to the production in the surrounding Taihu Lake, Suzhou Dongting Xishan, Yixing area of limestone, which is the most famous soft-shelled turtle Mountain and Yuji Mountain. China's ancient exploitation of the Taihu Lake stone, Bai Juyi wrote "Taihu Lake Stone Records" specifically describing the Taihu Lake stone, "Yunlin Stone Records" is also specifically recorded, and occurred in the late Northern Song Dynasty, "Huashi Gang" refers to the Taihu Lake stone, which led to the peasant revolt. The famous Taihu Lake stones left behind in history include the "Guanyunfeng" in Suzhou's Liyuan Garden and the "Jade Linglong" in Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden, which are famous garden stones. Taihu Lake stone belongs to the limestone, mostly gray, rarely white, black. The limestone has been subjected to the impact of waves and the erosion of carbon dioxide-containing water for a long time, and over the long years, it has gradually formed into the delicately carved and rounded Taihu Lake Stones by nature. Taihu Lake stone is a typical traditional stone, to win the shape, "thin, wrinkled, leakage, penetration" is its main aesthetic characteristics, more exquisite and transparent, the posture of the mountains, suitable for gardening stone and so on. Now there is a broad sense of the Taihu Lake stone, that is, the production of all over the formation of the karst action of the thousands of forms, exquisite and transparent carbonate rock collectively referred to as the broad sense of the Taihu Lake stone.

Kunshi

Also known as Kunshan stone, produced in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, Yufeng Mountain and named. Department of quartz veins in the crystal hole in the growth of crystal clusters, network vein-like, crystal white, translucent and exquisite, rarely seen large material. There are more than 10 kinds of Kunshi, respectively, according to its morphological characteristics named chicken bone peak, Yangmei peak, walnut peak, lychee peak, jellyfish peak and so on. The rough Kunshi stone is wrapped with red mountain mud on the outside, which must be removed from the acid and alkali, and it takes a period of time from mining to processing the finished product.

"Lonely roots standing in the snow and relying on the qin recommendation, small clouds run the bed of the pen", this is the Yuan Dynasty poet Zhang Yu in the "get Kunshan stone" poem on the praise of Kunshi. Kunshi is named after Kunshan in Jiangsu Province. Mainly from the city outside the Yufeng Mountain (ancient name of Maanshan). It is known as one of the "Four Famous Stones of China" together with Lingbi Stone, Taihu Stone and Yingshi Stone, and together with Taihu Stone and Yuhua Stone, it is called the "Three Famous Stones of Jiangsu Province", and it occupies an important position in the strange stones.

About a few hundred million years ago, due to the extrusion of crustal movement, deep underground in Kunshan magma rich in silica hot solution invaded the rock cracks, cooled to form quartz veins. In this quartz vein crystal holes generated in the quartz crystal clusters is kunzite. Because of its crystal clusters, veins, image of the diversity of the structure, it was found that it has a "chicken bone", "walnut" and so on more than ten varieties, produced in the Yufeng Mountain of the East Mountain, the West Mountain, the front of the mountain. Chicken bone stone by thin as chicken bone stone pieces of criss-crossed composition, give a person the feeling of toughness, it is the most valuable in Kunshi; walnut stone surface wrinkles all over the block abruptly, crystal lovely. In addition, there are "snowflake", "jellyfish", "lychee", "lotus leaf chapped" and other varieties, mostly named after the image of the The Kunshi general seems to be snow-white crystal, hole all over the body, delicate and clear as the main characteristics. A fine Kunshi is bound to be a big hole set of small holes, small holes in the big hole, hole within the curved, changing, showing a thousand holes in a hundred clever dexterity, let a person unlimited imagination and marveled at nature's ingenuity, which is incomparable to other kinds of stone.

The beauty of form is the life of Kunshi. Ancient stone appreciation four elements: thin, wrinkled, leakage, penetration. Kunshi is the masterpiece of these four elements, it can best reflect the thin, wrinkled, leakage, penetration characteristics. The shape of the Kunshi is ever-changing, shapely, icy, clear and clean, all over the body, no one class with the same. Kunshi also has the beauty of natural sculpture, it has exquisite lines and multi-level scenarios of the form, Bai Juyi in the "Taihu Lake Stone" cloud: "a fist of a hundred feet, thousands of miles of an instant, sit and get it", Kunshi fine art has reached the momentum of the art of landscape reduction, calling people breathtaking.

The beauty of the stone is the aura of Kunshi. Kunzite is formed by silica-filled quartz crystals, so the stone quality like jade, delicate and moist. Ancient saying: "white as snow, quality like jade". With a magnifying glass, Kunshi is composed of white crystals, glittering, like diamonds, emitting brilliant luster, hard texture, noble temperament, let a person love, so Kunshi in ancient times by the name of Jade, the location of the stone is now also known as the town of Yushan, Kunshi from ancient times is known for its crystalline white, showing that it is unique and noble.

Ying Shi

Ying Shi is produced in Guangdong Yingzhou (now Yingde City) and named. Since the Qing Dynasty is recognized as one of the four garden stone, light green, gray and black, light green, dark, white and other kinds of black is expensive. Ying Shi is obvious on the back, the front more puddle holes, stone eyes, exquisite, delicate and colorful, while the back is smoother. Ying Shi quality is firm and brittle, knocking with *** sound, has always been a favorite collector.

"Strange peaks at first parallel Luo, Senran thin and elegant", this is the Ming Jiang Huan in the acquisition of the three peaks of Ying Shi issued after the exclamation. Ying Shi is also one of the four famous stones, produced in Yingde County, Guangdong Province, Yingde Mountain area and named. It was developed earlier, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Xiguan's "Dongtian Qinglu", Du ò "Yunlin stone genealogy" that is recorded. Lu You also wrote in the "Notes of Laoxuean": "Yingzhou Shi Shan, from the city into Zhongshan, wading Jinxi, to the Lingquan, is out of the stone, there are a few families specializing in taking the stone for a living. The quality of the best warm and verdant, knocking sound like gold and jade, but the craftsmen quite secret. Often the officials get, the color is withered, the sound is like hitting the rotten wood, all under the material."

Ying Shi and Lingbi stone sedimentary limestone, the main component is calcite, but less hard than Lingbi. Ying Shi is divided into water stone, dry stone two kinds of water stone from the inverted in the streams and rivers in the northwest rock cave wall with a saw, dry stone from the rocky mountain chiseling. Generally small and medium-sized blocks, but more with the peaks and walls, layers and layers, wrinkles and strange, the ancients have "Ying Shi no slope" said. Ying Shi color and lustre of light green, gray and black, light green, dark, white and so on several kinds of black is expensive. Due to the local karst geomorphology development is good, abundant rainfall, the stone is very easy to be dissolved weathering, so the stone surface more deep folds, bagasse, nesting, large wrinkles, small wrinkles and other shapes. Ying Shi is quite "wrinkled, thin, leakage, penetration" of the shape, more peaks, and there are embedded in the empty stone eyes, exquisite, delicate and colorful. Ying Shi quality firm and brittle, buckle with *** sound is good.

China's four famous stone refers to:

Shoushan stone - Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, forty kilometers north of the suburb called "Shoushan" of the village, Shoushan stone veins are distributed in the village surrounded by mountains and streams and wild, after the Ming Dynasty, Shoushan Stone After the Ming Dynasty, Shoushan stone began to be used as seal material. Shoushan stone is characterized by its clean jade-like quality, soft and easy to attack, and is highly appreciated by seal carvers.

Qingtian Stone--In the middle and lower reaches of the Ou River in southeastern Zhejiang Province, there is a county called "Qingtian". Because of the production of Qingtian seal stone and very famous. Qingtian stone texture pure, colorful, easy to carve. It has been favored by goldsmiths and calligraphers throughout the ages. Among the many categories of Qingtian stone, light jelly, Fengmenqing are among the valuable varieties.

Changhua stone - produced in the northwest of Zhejiang Province, Yuyan Mountain. As the area in ancient times was recorded as belonging to Changhua County. Therefore, this local stone is named Changhua stone. Changdai stone color and quality of tender, suitable for the production of seal made of beautifully carved ornaments. Changhua stone in which part of the ore through the vermilion dyeing, the formation of the world's rare "chicken blood stone", Changhua chicken blood stone is a precious variety of seal stone.

Hotan stone - Hotan jade distributed in Xinjiang Shadong - Tashkurgan, Hotan - Yutian, and the county stretches 1500 kilometers of the northern slopes of the Kunlun Mountains. The mineral composition of Hotan Jade is dominated by tremolite-actinolite, with traces of tremolite, serpentine, graphite and magnetite. The color is white, lime green, black, yellow and so on. The jade is translucent, with a textured luster when polished, and a hardness of 5.5 to 6.5 degrees. Hotan Jade is found in mountain rocks at altitudes from 3500 meters to 5000 meters above sea level. Pieces of jade collected in riverbeds are called seed jade, while those mined in rock formations are called mountain material. The economic value of Hotan Jade is based on the purity of color and texture. The main varieties are: white jade, white jade, greenish-white jade, green jade, yellow jade, sugar jade, and ink jade.