An introduction to the rural elderly care model essay?

Population aging is a major basic national condition in China, and the transformation of the demographic structure brings pressure and challenges to the social pension. The following is the rural elderly care model paper that I have organized for you for your reference.

Rural Pension Mode Essay Sample 1: Reflection and Foresight on China's Rural Pension Security Mode in Transition

Abstract of the Paper: Along with the transition from the planned economy system to the market economy system, the rural pension security mode is also transmogrifying and facing serious challenges. The reform of China's social security system, from the perspective of its fundamental value, should take people's livelihood, including farmers, as the most important goal of social security, instead of overemphasizing its economic significance purely from the perspective of the instrumental rationality of the reform.

Thesis keywords: transition period; rural old-age security model; livelihood security

China's rural old-age security, as a social system, its construction and development, on the one hand, is determined by the economic foundation on which it relies, and on the other hand, it is powerfully constrained by other social environments such as political and cultural systems. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to sort out the changes in the rural old-age security system, clarify the challenges facing the social security system in rural China during the period of social transformation, and explore the future trend of the rural old-age security model to ensure that the elderly people in rural areas have a secure old age, and to realize the stability and development of rural areas in China and even the construction of a harmonious society.

I. The current situation and reflection of China's rural old-age security model in the transition period

In the process of China's transformation from a traditional society to a modern society, from an agricultural society to an industrial society, and from a planned economic system to a market economic system, the socio-economic achievements have never been made before, but the negative impacts are also increasingly visible. The negative impacts of social transformation are mainly manifested in the polarization of society and the emergence of a large number of socially disadvantaged groups, among which the problem of social security for the elderly in rural areas, which accounts for about 60.91% of the total population, has become particularly prominent and urgent. Considering the source of old-age support force. China's farmers old-age security model in the social transition period is facing serious challenges.

A family old-age

Rural family old-age model in terms of content is by themselves, family members I including children, spouses and other wai relatives network to fulfill the duties of the elderly economic support, life care and spiritual comfort. In the current comprehensive pension system, family pension is one of the mainstream and dominant pension mode. According to the Ministry of Civil Affairs statistics, as of June 1999, 976% of the elderly in rural areas rely on family support, while those living on pensions, collective support and homes for the elderly accounted for only 7_34%, and more than 70% of the elderly aged 60 years and above live with their offspring.

In the period of social transition, family old-age care has encountered great challenges, which, analyzed by the supply and demand theory of economics, is the result of an imbalance between supply and demand.

1 Decreasing number of children. Declining fertility means fewer children, and the average size of family households is shrinking, while the number of nuclear families is increasing, and the function of family old-age care is greatly weakened.Between the two censuses in 1982 and 1990, the size of family households dropped from 4.3 to 3.97 persons per household, and according to the results of the 1995 China l% Population Sampling Survey, the average size of family households dropped to 3.7 persons, and by the time of the fifth population census , the average household size was only 332 persons. China's rural only child is growing dramatically, the family structure shows a trend of "4 ~ 2 a l" or "8-4_2 a l", the old-age security model of the family as the main old-age protection will make the future children in the old-age problems unbearable burden.

2 Farming hoarding is decreasing. Along with the transformation of the rural economy from traditional to modernization, the development of township and village enterprises and the rise of small towns, the security role of rural land continues to decline. First, the area of agricultural cultivated land has decreased. Second, the absolute income from land management has declined substantially. According to statistics, the per capita land income of farmers in 2000 was only 1,090.67 yuan, while the per capita cash expenditure on living consumption in the same year was 12,847.4 yuan. It was impossible to meet the most basic living expenses. Third, the comparative efficiency of agricultural production is generally very low. Long-existing industrial and agricultural product prices "scissors" so that the comparative benefits of agricultural production is even lower, although *** also take relevant preferential policies to make the rapid development of agriculture, farmers' incomes continue to rise. But the comparative efficiency is still very low. On the other hand. Compared with the same international products have no advantage to speak of. Fourth, the urban-rural differences continue to widen.

The income gap between urban and rural residents has widened to 32:1 in 2002, much higher than the world average of 1.5:1, becoming the world's largest urban-rural gap in the country. By 2006, it had reached 328 times

2, old age ^ increased demand for resources for the elderly

1 The rapid aging of the population, the demand for old age hoe Ⅱ. Population aging is one of the major social problems facing the world in the 21st century. China is the world's most populous country, the rural population accounts for the absolute majority of the population. The fifth national census data show that in 2000, China's 6s years old and above amounted to 88.11 million people. Accounting for 696% of the total population, the proportion of the elderly population rose by 1.39 percentage points compared with the fourth population census. According to the international standard of population aging, China has entered an aging society. According to the prediction of population experts, by 2020, the proportion of elderly people over 65 years of age in rural areas of China is 140% a 17.796. The information of the fifth national census shows that. The urban elderly population is about 31.8 million, while the rural population is about 56.31 million. Its absolute number is 17 times that of the towns; from the point of view of the growth rate, the rural population is aging faster than the city.

Two Rural Social Pension Insurance

Rural Social Pension Insurance is the first formal social security system for farmers in China's history, and has made some progress since its implementation in 1992. By the end of 2034. The number of people participating in rural pension insurance nationwide was 53.78 million, and throughout the year*** 2.05,000,000 farmers received pensions, with a cumulative balance of 28.5 billion yuan in the rural pension insurance fund at the end of the year. However, the overall situation in the country, the current rural social pension system is still at a very low level, there are still many defects and deficiencies to be overcome, mainly in the following areas:

l, low level of protection. Difficult to meet the basic needs of life. In accordance with the Ministry of Civil Affairs, "rural social pension insurance payment to receive the calculation table" calculation, farmers pay 2 yuan per month, 4 yuan, pay '10 years after the monthly pension can receive 47 yuan, 94 yuan, lS years later, you can receive 9.9 yuan per month, 20 yuan. If you take into account factors such as falling interest rates, inflation, management fees, etc., farmers receive even less pension, this money is just a drop in the bucket for farmers' old age.

2. The system is not sustainable. Since the start of the pilot rural social pension system in 1991, there has been a great deal of enthusiasm for the implementation of this system throughout the country, especially in the more affluent rural areas. However, after several years of development, some of the typical areas that were once praised have disintegrated after a short period of time. The reason for this is that, from the establishment and abolition of the system to the collection and application of fees and the payment of insurance benefits, the system was not implemented in accordance with a strict legal program, but rather in accordance with some rules and regulations formulated by the local authorities, and it was not a normative and permanent contract between the farmers and the authorities. Pension insurance contributions are a process that lasts for more than a decade or even decades, and farmers contribute when they are young and have high incomes, and expect to use their pensions to live out their old age when their incomes are too low and they need care. However, the necessary conditions for the smooth realization of this process are not presently in place. First of all, farmers do not have a stable source of income like urban workers; the rural economy is fragile, and farmers' incomes are greatly affected by the climate and market conditions, and even if they have a slight income, it is difficult to offset the heavy burdens of various kinds of burdens including the price burden, and it is difficult to increase their incomes to ensure a stable continuity of the contributions; second, from the management of the fund, many cases of misappropriation and embezzlement of the social security fund have occurred, which makes the farmers worried; and once again, from the ** side, the rural social pension fund is not a stable source of income. ** aspect, the rural social pension insurance system is not established on the basis of law, and is greatly influenced by administrative factors.

3. Lack of a truly social nature. The "program" stipulates that the rural social pension insurance in the mobilization of funds to adhere to the "individual contributions, supplemented by collective subsidies, the State to give policy support" principle, which is determined by the specific circumstances of rural economic development, the State's financial resources are limited to urban social security is still plagued by financial constraints, and even more powerless to take into account the rural areas, and thus can only rely on the collective. As a result, the mobilization of funds can only depend on collectives and individuals. Most rural collectives are unwilling to subsidize rural social pension insurance, even to the extent of zero. Rural pension financing into a virtual "all personal contributions", too much emphasis on personal responsibility, in essence, is a self-protection with the obvious nature of the Leilu old age, does not have the proper "social nature".

4, the low level of management, capital preservation and value-added difficulties in accordance with the current policy pension insurance funds are mainly deposited in the bank, due to the continuous downward adjustment of the bank interest rate in recent years, there is a widespread problem of pension payment commitment can not be realized. The Ministry of Civil Affairs, on the other hand, promises farmers a fund appreciation rate of 129% and sets payment standards at that level. Moreover, the Program did not follow the internationally accepted pension insurance measurement model for the design of premiums and pension benefits, the pension once received for life, it is difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in social and economic life under the conditions of the market economy, it is difficult to ensure that the actual value of the pension, the purchasing power of the elderly and the standard of living remains unchanged or steadily rising, it is difficult to bear the burden of the reality and the future of the old age.

Three minimum subsistence guarantee system

The rural minimum subsistence guarantee system is to meet the needs of farmers in the most basic public **** product. It is the minimum requirement to safeguard the right of farmers to live as citizens, and is a remedial mechanism to solve the problem of rural poverty, and is an essential part of the social security system in all modern countries, and is the last "safety net" in the social security system in rural areas. 1995, the Ministry of Civil Affairs carried out a pilot program of rural minimum subsistence guarantee in some areas. In 1995, the Ministry of Civil Affairs launched a pilot program of rural minimum subsistence security in some areas, and in 2003, l0 provinces nationwide had already implemented or were in the process of implementing the rural minimum subsistence security system in its entirety. By the end of the same year, 3,000,000 villagers and 1,768,000 families had been guaranteed a minimum living standard. But the level of protection is generally low.

Two, China's rural old-age security model of the future tendency

A rural old-age security model construction concept

Constructing the rural social security system model, need to combine the national conditions of China, rural socio-economic characteristics and the direction of the future development of the preparation for the optimal allocation of security methods. First of all, rural social security must be able to protect the basic needs of the elderly farmers: first, to meet the basic physiological needs such as food and clothing; secondly, to meet the social, cultural, educational and other reasonable needs of survival; thirdly, to be able to share with other members of the community *** with the positive fruits of economic development and social progress, and to enjoy the treatment of citizens. Secondly, it is conducive to urban-rural harmony and the harmonious development of farmers and urban residents. Rural stability is territorial stability. The social force that poses the greatest threat to China's future social stability is the peasants who have been marginalized. Adopting an appropriate model of social security for old-age pensions and actively solving the problem of farmers' immediate old-age pensions and the difficulty of future old-age pensions will contribute to harmony between urban and rural residents and even to the harmonious development of society. Finally, the reform of China's social security system from the point of view of its fundamental value, should take the livelihood of the people, including farmers, as the most important goal of social security, rather than simply from the point of view of the instrumental rationality of the reform to overemphasize its economic significance.

The overall concept of the construction of the rural social security system

The rural areas should implement the same social security system as the towns and cities, and establish a unified model of urban-rural integration, which is the ultimate goal of the social security system. The general concept of building a rural social pension system is: based on the macroview of the overall goal of building a harmonious society, the level of development of rural productive forces and the country's economic strength, focusing on improving the system and standardizing its operation, and advancing the system horizontally according to the regional differences in the economy and the distribution of the rural labor force in a differentiated and classified manner, taking the lead in the first to establish a unified social pension system in the urban and rural areas, with different treatments, before taking the lead in the economically developed areas, and after the first to establish a unified social pension system in urban and rural areas. First, in economically developed areas, the first to establish a unified urban-rural social security system, with different benefits, and then in the central and western regions; vertically, a diversified, hierarchical model of old-age security coexisting, i.e., the coexistence of family old-age pension, social old-age pension insurance, and minimum subsistence security; and step-by-step, gradual, all-encompassing model of social security for old-age pensions in the countryside. At this stage, the establishment of family pension as the leading, social pension insurance as the goal-oriented, the minimum subsistence guarantee system and community pension as a complementary rural social pension security system with Chinese characteristics, is currently the best choice for China's rural society.

Rural Pension Model Essay Sample 2: Analyzing the Model Choice of China's Rural Pension in the Transition Period

Thesis Key Words:Rural Pension Security in the Transition Period Comprehensive Pension Model

Thesis Abstract:China has entered an aging society, in which 75% of the elderly people are living in rural areas, and the realistic economic conditions determine that family pension is still the main pension model in China's rural areas. The real economic conditions determine that family pension is still the main mode of pension in rural areas of China. However, under the impact of the market economy, the family model of old age is facing challenges, we need to establish a new comprehensive rural model of old age.

Generally speaking, in a normal life journey have to go through the process of being raised by elders in early childhood, raising children and supporting parents in adulthood, and being supported by children or relatives in old age. Therefore, no matter what kind of society we are in, and no matter what stage of development it is in, the problem of supporting the elderly exists, and providing for the elderly is a problem that involves all of mankind, and no country can avoid it. In our country, the seriousness of the problem is that it is expected that by 2020 there will be 231 million elderly people, accounting for 16.0% of the total population, and by 2050 it will amount to 412 million, accounting for 26.1 % of the total population, of which 75% of the elderly people are living in rural areas. Moreover, so far, the new arrangement of old-age security system is basically confined to urban areas, and the issue of social security for the elderly in rural areas is still a neglected area. In addition, under the impact of the market economy, the old family model of old-age care in rural areas is facing various challenges. Under the condition that the state is temporarily incapable of establishing rural social security for the elderly, there is an urgent need to establish a transitional form of old-age security model in rural areas.

I. The reasons for the existence and role of the traditional family pension model

The traditional family pension, refers to the blood ties, by family members of the previous generation of elderly people to provide clothing, food, housing, transportation, medical care until the death of a series of social services such as burial behavior. As China is an ancient civilization with a history of five thousand years, the traditional family pension has its own historical reasons for existence.

A family pension in our country has a long historical origin

China is an ancient civilization, has a tradition of respect for the elderly. As early as more than two thousand years ago, there is "old, as well as people's old" view of respect for the elderly. "The Shou Jing begins by stating: "Filial piety is the scripture of heaven, the righteousness of the earth, and the behavior of the people." The Book of Rites discusses filial piety and evaluates it even higher: "The filial piety is placed in heaven and earth, and it is spread across the four seas, and it is applied to the future generations without any writing." Respect for the elderly is respected as the greatest code of conduct between heaven and earth, and has become a traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. This shows that the ancients revered filial piety. In modern society, it should be seen that the majority of the elderly have contributed their youth to the progress of society and have labored all their lives for the growth of their children. "Who says an inch of grass heart, to repay the three spring sunshine", old age after returning to the family, in addition to the necessary compensation from society, should be subject to the children's economic support, life care and spiritual comfort, all of which depends on the role of the family. It is the family not only fosters affection between parents and children, but also reflects the traditional virtues of respect for the elderly and love for children, reflecting the degree of civilization of our society.

Two from the social development, the family model of old age for the rural productivity development level decided

Because of China's implementation of the urban-rural dual economic structure, the agricultural population, the slow development of industry, in order to develop the industrial economy as soon as possible, the state has taken some "to work to supplement the agricultural "" To promote industry with agriculture, the State has adopted a number of practices. For example, the scissors difference in the purchase of agricultural products. A series of social welfare measures, such as education for farmers, medical care for farmers and pensions for farmers, could not be implemented because of economic poverty. In this way, the model of family pension in rural areas, on the one hand, adapted to our countryside, village, family situation, become an important social basis for the development of China's agriculture; on the other hand, the slow development of rural economic development, it is difficult to implement a new model of old age.

Three family model of old age is beneficial to the physical and mental health of the elderly

In the long tradition of honoring and respecting the elderly culture, the elderly spiritually happy and psychologically satisfied constitute the highest standard of quality of life for the elderly. The Rites of Passage and Sacrifice says that nourishment is possible, but honoring is not; honoring is possible, but making the elderly comfortable and contented is not.1 Zi Lu was once unable to provide good care for the elderly because of his inability to do so. Zi Lu once felt guilty for not being able to support his parents well. Confucius said, "It is filial piety to eat tofu and drink fresh water, but to have your parents mentally satisfied and steal pleasure "2. Confucius once questioned Zixia: "Is it filial piety to labor for one's parents and let them eat and drink?" ③ Then what is filial piety? In modern terms, it is to give parents a high degree of life satisfaction and happiness. For this reason, Lu Kun of the Ming Dynasty pointed out that "the best way to treat parents is to make them happy in their hearts, the second is to take care of them, and the worst is to only take care of them without sympathizing with their psychological feelings." ④ For the vast majority of elderly people nowadays, the family is their comfort zone, shelter, and the last harbor of their life in their old age, and it is the main support for the emotional world of the elderly, which cannot be replaced by any institution or individual. Aging at home is also conducive to intergenerational economic, spiritual, life and other aspects of complementary advantages, especially the spirit of complementary; conducive to the elderly from the young people to feel the breath of youth, broaden their horizons, restoration of vitality, prolonged life; at the same time is conducive to young people from the elders to learn from the social experience, life experience, and good morals and styles, to grow up better, mature. Denmark, the "welfare state" high suicide rate of the elderly phenomenon strongly suggests that: the elderly themselves have money, society has sufficient welfare facilities, the elderly in their old age is not necessarily happy. Why? This is because in that society the elderly are very lonely. As emphasized in the 1982 Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing, "the family, whatever its form or mode of organization, is recognized as a basic unit of society. There is a growing realization in countries around the world that to improve the situation of older people, the family environment must first be improved.

Second, the challenges of the traditional family pension model in rural areas during the transition period

With the progress of the times and the rapid development of social and economic development, China is stepping into the transition period of history, the arrival of this stage is accompanied by unprecedented changes in the rural socio-economic and family structure, traditional culture, etc., and the traditional model of the family pension is beginning to be challenged and weakened trend.

A rapid growth of the elderly population, the burden of family pension is difficult to bear

Currently China's elderly population aged 60 years or older has more than 97 million, accounting for 8.6% of the total population, according to internationally accepted standards, an elderly person aged 60 years or older accounted for 7% of the total population of the old-age type of countries, and know that, our country has entered the old age type of countries, and into the fast speed of the world's other countries can not be compared. It is predicted that the elderly population of our country will grow faster than that of other countries in the world. It is predicted that in the future, the elderly population in China will increase at an average annual rate of 3%, and the elderly population will double every 25 years, and by 2030, the elderly population in China will account for 21.38% of the total population. Other countries in the world are doubling their elderly population at a slower rate, such as France, which will double its elderly population in 115 years, Sweden, which will double its elderly population in 85 years, the United States, which will double its elderly population in 66 years, and the United Kingdom, which will double its elderly population in 45 years. In the face of such a situation of the elderly population, relying on the family to provide for the elderly can only be a drop in the bucket. Coupled with the implementation of the family planning policy in China, the number of "four-two-one" families in rural areas will continue to increase, which means that a couple with only one child on both sides may have to bear the burden of four elderly people and one child. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the average size of each family in China in 1999 was 3.58 persons. The reduction of family size will further weaken the family function of old age, and "four two one" type of family so that the family support coefficient has increased greatly, the children of the father's life of the economic burden and care of the pressure to increase.

The dilution of traditional family ethics

The traditional concept of early marriage, early childbearing, and childbearing for the long-term interests of the family. Xie Yuanshi and others pointed out in their study that in traditional society, families regarded the succession as the top priority, and that not having children and not having children prevented the family blood relationship from continuing to be extended, and the interruption of which was regarded as the greatest unfiliality to the ancestors. This family concept strongly *** people's concept of reproduction and reproductive behavior, prompting the formation of early marriage, early childbearing, childbearing custom, *** the high population growth. However, under the increasingly developed market economy, the impact of commodities, the concept of money and the law of value on the traditional family and ethical morality has become increasingly strong, and people's preference for small families and indifference to large families have become the inevitable result of the development of things, and the reliance on the traditional ethical and moral concepts of maintaining the family old-age pension has appeared to be too weak to be effective. In addition, along with industrialization and urbanization, the transfer of rural labor to non-agricultural areas is inevitable. Generally speaking, the transfer of rural labor force brings about the separation of the rural elderly from their children's lives, which, if prolonged, will weaken the feelings between parents and children, and thus bring about a decline in the filial piety of children. At the same time, due to the outflow of young and middle-aged laborers, the rural elderly will face difficulties in family economic support and life care. Three elderly people's quality of life is not guaranteed

Traditional family pension is based on traditional moral behavior, although China *** in 1996 developed the "People's Republic of China *** and the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly Act," expressly provides that: "elderly pension is mainly dependent on the family, the family personnel should care for and look after the elderly," and family members have "the responsibility to provide for the elderly". "Family members have the obligation to provide for the elderly economically, to take care of them in their daily lives, and to comfort them spiritually". However, the current state of rural family care for the elderly is still not optimistic, and there are many cases of infringement of the rights and interests of the elderly. Of the cases in which the rights and interests of the elderly are violated, the right to support accounts for the highest proportion. Most of the older persons who are denied family support are those who are elderly, sick, without spouses, and living in rural areas. The fact that family support remains a serious problem despite the existence of a law is due to the lack of comprehensive and operational rules and the absence of strict and effective supervision. *** The law only stipulates that children have the obligation to support their parents, but it does not specify how they should do so. As a matter of fact, *** basically gave up the active supervision of family old-age care. If we look at the court arbitration of old-age disputes as *** passive supervision of family old-age pension, then, at present, it is this simple form of passive role, the quality of life of the elderly is still not guaranteed.

Three, the establishment of a comprehensive rural pension model combining family pension, social pension, self-pension and community pension

The formation of the pension model is not arbitrary, but is determined by the level of development of the productive forces, the social structure and family structure. Elderly care models vary in different societies and at different stages of historical development. At the present stage of transition, we should establish a comprehensive rural pension model combining family pension, social pension, self-pension and community pension.

1. Family pension family pension is the fine tradition of the Chinese nation, and the Western countries "relay type" intergenerational relationship between parents have the responsibility to raise children, children have no responsibility to support their parents, unlike in our country, whether it is the change of the social system, the change of family structure or the change of the way of life, and has always maintained the traditional type of family, parents have the responsibility to raise children, children have the responsibility to support their parents. In China, regardless of the changes in the social system, family structure or lifestyle, the traditional family has always been maintained, with parents having the responsibility of raising their children and children having the responsibility of supporting their parents, and this has been passed on from generation to generation. Although there are many problems with the traditional family model of old age, it does not negate the value of the family in old age. Due to the underdevelopment of the rural economy in China, especially in the central and western regions, and the temporary deficiencies in the rural social pension system, the rural elderly will still rely mainly on family pension in the current and future period of time, and we should fully recognize and give full play to the family's function of old-age pension. But at present, we should pay attention to do the following work:1 Strengthen the rural spiritual civilization construction, for the family pension to provide a good moral and cultural environment, children's respect for the old age pension concept, how to directly affect the quality of the old age pension.2 Timely handling of family pension disputes, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly. At present, rural daughters-in-law in charge of more, in the relationship between the elderly and daughters-in-law, daughters-in-law to take the initiative, and the law does not clearly stipulate their maintenance obligations, often the old age disputes. Rural grass-roots organizations through persuasion, education to deal with timely, but also to remind the elderly, pay attention to the coordination of relations with their children.

2. Social pension social pension is the use of all aspects of society, mainly through the implementation of social services, is an important part of the social security system, is an important pillar of the independent life of the elderly. At present, China's social security for the elderly mainly stays in the stage of commercial pension insurance. To play the role of commercial pension insurance, mainly rely on the resource allocation role of the market economy, but the main body of the market economy is to pursue the maximization of their own economic interests, which with the social security system focuses on the sub-pursuit of the social interests of the institutional arrangements of the conflict of interest. Therefore, the role of relying on the market economy to solve problems is limited. Even in the developed countries of the West, despite the emergence of a number of private social pensions, the State is still in a dominant position in the provision of social security for the elderly, and private pension schemes are unified by the *** management, the implementation of pension schemes, whether it is from the source of funds, the direction of the use of the protection of the standards of income and expenditure program and so on, there are almost all the details of the clear legal provisions. Therefore, while allowing private individuals, enterprises and social organizations to invest in old-age insurance, the relevant legal system should be continuously improved to strengthen the supervision of old-age insurance program, but also can actively guide various social forces to invest in public welfare social old-age security, and vigorously develop old-age welfare and charitable undertakings.

3. Self-employment in the socialist market economy, the family old-age protection function continues to weaken, requiring farmers to cultivate and strengthen the individual awareness of self-employment protection. Generally speaking, most of the family's economic resources are the accumulation of wealth of the elderly life, the elderly should not be transferred to the next generation "free of charge", but should strengthen the control of economic resources, the use of this control for self-pension protection. At the same time, the development of the rural economy has also contributed to the improvement of the income and quality of life of the elderly in rural China, laying a certain foundation for their realization of self-supporting old-age security. According to a survey conducted jointly by the Population Research Institute of Peking University, Fudan University, Wuhan University, Jilin University, and Liaoning University in 1986 on a sample survey of the elderly population in Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces and cities, which showed that the proportion of the rural elderly population who rely on their own income from labor to maintain their old age is as high as 30.06%, and the proportion of the rural elderly population who rely on their own income from labor to maintain their old age is as high as 30.06%, with the proportion of the rural elderly population who rely on their own income from labor to maintain their old age as high as 30.06%. The labor income of the younger elderly amounted to 25.67%. Therefore, we should encourage those capable elderly people to engage in planting, farming, courtyard economy, breeding, service industry, handicrafts, stalls and business, and so on. This will increase their own income for old age. In addition, the state should protect and encourage self-pension savings, for example, each person has a "pension preferential savings special account", the interest rate with the market, but do not levy interest tax, and in inflation, indexed to make up for the loss of interest, the deposit can be set up a minimum and maximum limit, the provisions of the old age only can be claimed, this way, can reduce the social and family old-age pension.

4. Community pension community is a basic unit of rural society, according to the situation of rural areas in China, we can take an administrative village as a community. When considering farmers' old age, we should fully emphasize and play the role of community. The role of the community in old age should be mainly reflected in three aspects:First, the economic support for farmers' old age, which is very important, but subject to the degree of development of the collective economy, based on a strong collective economy. Therefore, rural villages should start from the community's resources, not just natural resources, and vigorously develop village-run enterprises and collective economies in a market-oriented manner. Secondly, the support of living services for farmers in their old age should mainly address medical services and living care. At present, we should gradually establish community medical insurance and cooperative medical systems to provide the most basic medical services for the elderly and to share the worries of families in their old age. At the same time, we should gradually establish life-care services by utilizing rural human resources. Thirdly, we should utilize the community control mechanism to guide and supervise the family old-age care, so that the family old-age care can be put into practice.