Besides basic logistics services, what other logistics services are there?

(1) by business:

1, basic services

That is, the basic functions of transportation, warehousing, packaging, distribution and other logistics.

1, basic logistics services

1) transport function

Transport function is one of the basic service contents of logistics service. The main purpose of logistics is to meet customers' requirements for a certain commodity under the conditions of time and place. The change of time and place is the basic factor to realize the logistics value.

Enterprises can design their own transportation system by owning their own vehicles, or they can outsource this logistics business to a third-party professional logistics company. Professional logistics companies generally own or master a certain scale of transportation; The logistics facilities of competitive third-party logistics operators are not only in one point, but also in a network covering the whole country or a large area. Therefore, the third-party logistics service company may first design the most suitable logistics system for customers, choose the transportation mode to meet their needs, and then organize the transportation work within the network to deliver the customers' goods to their destinations within the specified time. In addition to delivery at the designated delivery point, the whole transportation process, including the final local distribution, can be completed by third-party logistics operators.

2) Custody function

It is the second major function of logistics service, realizing the time value of logistics.

For enterprises, the storage function is realized through a certain amount of inventory. Like transportation, enterprises can build their own warehouses, or rent warehouses to manage products, or hand them over to TPL to complete this function. Decisions must be made under comprehensive consideration of various factors, and the main purpose is to maximize benefits. In the logistics network composed of transportation routes and warehouses, inventory is in the node position.

3) Distribution function

This is the third major function of logistics service. Distribution is the activity of delivering goods to the consignee. The purpose is to achieve economic receipt and delivery, improve the transportation process, maintain reasonable inventory, provide convenience for customers, reduce the risk of shortage and reduce the cost of ordering and delivery.

4) Loading and unloading functions

This is a necessary function to accelerate the circulation of goods. Both traditional business activities and e-business activities must have certain processing ability. TPL should provide more specialized handling machinery such as loading, unloading, lifting, transportation and palletizing, so as to improve the efficiency of handling operations, reduce the order cycle time (OCT) and reduce the damage caused by operations to commodities.

5) packaging function

The purpose of logistics packaging operation is not to change the sales packaging of goods, but to form a combined packaging unit suitable for logistics distribution by combining, assembling and strengthening the sales packaging.

6) Distribution processing function

The main purpose of distribution processing is to facilitate production or sales. Specialized logistics centers often cooperate with fixed manufacturers or distributors for a long time to complete some processing operations for manufacturers or distributors, such as labeling, making and pasting barcodes.

7) Information processing function

Because the operation of modern logistics system can not be separated from computers, it is very important to collect, analyze and transmit all aspects of logistics information and all kinds of logistics operation information in real time, and provide all kinds of detailed information and consulting information to shippers.

2. Value-added logistics services (reflecting the difference between modern logistics and traditional logistics)

The so-called value-added service is to meet the expectations of more customers on the basis of providing basic services and provide customers with more benefits and quality services different from other enterprises. Customized services provided for specific customers or specific logistics activities on the basis of basic services.

Value-added service is an important aspect that distinguishes competitive enterprises from ordinary small enterprises. Sometimes, value-added services can be realized on the basis of basic services. For example, Toyota Motor Corporation proposes a one-week delivery date, which provides customers with value-added services that other companies can't do on the basis of basic services; Motorola can produce customized products according to customers' requirements, which also provides value-added services for customers. Value-added services are characterized by providing basic services, meeting the expectations of more customers, providing customers with more benefits and quality services different from other enterprises, which are the highlights of enterprises. Value-added services can be completed in the following four aspects:

On the basis of completing the basic functions of logistics, we provide various extended business activities according to customer needs.

In the increasingly competitive market environment, logistics enterprises are not only required to have stricter service quality in traditional transportation and warehousing services; At the same time, they are also required to expand their logistics business and provide as many value-added services as possible.

(1) General additional value-added services

① Order processing; Including the receipt or record of orders, commodity inquiry, order confirmation, delivery notice, out-of-stock handling, etc.

② Acceptance of goods;

③ Repackaging of commodities and simple distribution processing.

(4) Handling cargo insurance;

(5) customs clearance;

6. collection;

⑦ Installation and debugging;

(8) Goods recovery/replacement, etc. ;

(2) Advanced logistics value-added services

(In fact, it is the content of logistics planning)

① Inventory analysis and control;

② Sales forecast;

③ Establish a distribution center; Make use of the advantages of logistics enterprises' own network to establish product distribution centers for customers.

④ Supply chain design and management; Design of distribution channels and procurement channels, coordination and management suggestions between suppliers and distributors.

⑤ Logistics system planning;

⑥ Logistics cost accounting analysis, etc.

(2) According to the service object

1. Customer-centered logistics services.

Refers to the third party logistics to meet the needs of buyers and sellers for the purpose of providing various alternative logistics services for distribution products.

2. Logistics services with promotion as the core.

For example, provide special introduction to the stored goods and provide logistics support to the exhibition at the point of sale.

3. Logistics services with manufacturing as the core.

Support manufacturing activities through unique customized services, such as product classification and delivery. If the hose is provided according to the size required by the user.

4. Time-centered logistics services.

Such as JIT supply.

Significance of logistics service

1, logistics is an important link in the production and sales of enterprises, and also an important aspect to ensure the efficient operation of enterprises.

For a manufacturing enterprise, logistics includes warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, packaging and other logistics activities involved in the supply chain from procurement, production to sales, which runs through the whole enterprise activities. Only smooth logistics can ensure the normal operation of enterprises. At the same time, logistics service is an important aspect to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. Providing customers with products and services timely and accurately has become an important competitive factor among enterprises besides price.

2. Logistics service level is the premise of building a logistics system.

The form of logistics will change with the level of logistics service. Therefore, the level of logistics service is a prerequisite for building a logistics system. How to plan the enterprise's logistics network, how to set up logistics facilities and how to formulate logistics strategy must be based on a certain level of logistics service. Without a certain level of logistics service, logistics is "water without a source, wood without a root".

3. Logistics service level is the basis of reducing logistics costs.

Logistics plays an important role in reducing costs, and the reduction of logistics costs should first consider the level of logistics services, and try to reduce logistics costs under the premise of ensuring a certain level of logistics services. In this sense, logistics service level is the basis of reducing logistics costs.

4. Logistics service plays the role of connecting manufacturers, wholesalers and consumers, and is an indispensable part of the national economy.

Measurement of logistics service level

1, inventory availability

1) Inventory availability refers to the inventory capacity that customers have when placing orders.

At present, the inventory reserve plan is usually based on demand forecast, and the reserve of a specific product should also consider whether it sells well, the importance of the product to the whole product line, the yield and the value of the product itself. Inventory can be divided into basic inventory and safety inventory. An important aspect of availability is the manufacturer's safety inventory strategy, which exists to deal with the forecast error and the instability of demand.

Many manufacturers have developed various logistics arrangements to improve their ability to meet customers' needs. A manufacturer can operate two warehouses, one of which is designated as the main warehouse and the other as the standby supply source. The main warehouse is where manufacturers export most of their products in order to take advantage of automation facilities, efficiency and geographical location. Once the main warehouse is out of stock, the spare warehouse can be used to ensure a certain level of customer service.

A high level of inventory availability requires a lot of careful planning, not just allocating inventory to each warehouse according to sales forecast. In inventory management, there is ABC inventory strategy. Including the implementation of inventory ABC management and customer ABC management.

2) Measurement index of usability

Shortage rate refers to the probability of shortage. Adding up the out-of-stock times of all products can reflect the fact that a manufacturer has achieved its basic service commitment.

The filling rate measures the degree to which the demand is met. Sometimes we need to know not only the number of times the demand has been met, but also how much the demand has been met, and the supply ratio is a measure of the probability of meeting the demand. If a customer orders 50 units of goods and only gets 47 units, the supply rate of the order is 94%.

2. Completion of logistics tasks

The completion of logistics tasks can be measured by the following aspects:

1) speed

The speed of completion cycle refers to the time from ordering to actual arrival. According to the different design of logistics system, the time required to complete the cycle will be very different. Even in today's high-level communication and transportation technology, the order cycle can be as short as several hours and as long as several weeks. But in general, with the improvement of logistics efficiency, the speed of completing the cycle is accelerating.

2) Consistency

Consistency refers to the manufacturer's ability to deliver goods on time in the face of numerous completion cycles and to fulfill delivery commitments.

Although service speed is of paramount importance, most logistics managers emphasize consistency. Consistency is the most basic problem of logistics operation. If the speed at which manufacturers fulfill orders is inconsistent and fluctuates frequently, customers will be puzzled and the plan will be difficult to realize.

3) Flexibility

Job flexibility refers to the ability to deal with abnormal customer service requirements. The logistics ability of manufacturers is directly related to the ability to deal with accidents. Typical events that manufacturers need to work flexibly include:

Modify the basic service arrangement plan;

Support unique sales and marketing plans;

Introduction of new products;

Product decline;

Supply interruption;

Product recycling;

Customization of special market or customer service level;

Perform product modification or customization in logistics system, such as pricing, combination or packaging.

Many times, the essence of logistics advantage lies in flexibility.

4) Failure and repair

Failure and repair capability refers to the manufacturer's ability to predict the possible failure or service interruption in the service process and have an appropriate emergency plan to complete the recovery task. Because failure is inevitable in logistics operation, it is also very important to maintain failure.

3. Service reliability

Logistics quality is closely related to logistics service reliability. The most basic quality problem in logistics activities is how to achieve planned availability and job completion ability. The key to realize logistics quality is how to evaluate logistics activities.