Zuo Zhuan (左传), a national treasure trove: The Eighteenth Year of Zhaogong (昭公十八年)

#Ability Training# Introduction In the spring of the eighteenth year, on the fifteenth day of the second month of the calendar of the Zhou dynasty, Mao De of the Zhou dynasty killed Mao Bo over and replaced him. The following is Sharing of the national treasures "Zuo Zhuan": eighteen years of Zhaogong. Welcome to read for reference!

The Eighteenth Year of the Duke of Zhao

Original Text

In the tenth year of the Spring King's March, Cao Bo Su died. In the fifth month of the summer, there was a disaster in Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng. In the sixth month, the archbishops entered the kingdom. In the fall, Duke Ping of Cao was buried. In the winter, Xu moved to Baiyu.

In the spring of the 18th year of the Chuan Dynasty, in the second month of the king, Zhou Mao De killed Mao Bo and replaced him. Carambola said: "Mao will die, is the day of Kungo Minoru also, the luxury of it. And Mao can be used in the king's capital, do not die how to wait!

In March, Cao Ping Gong died.

Summer May, the fire began to see. C, the wind. Zi Shen said: "It is said to melt the wind, the beginning of the fire. Seven days, its fire for it!" e c, the wind is very. Nonwoo, a great deal. Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng were all on fire. Zi Shen climbed up to Da Ting's library to look at it, saying, "Song, Wei, Chen and Zheng are also on fire." A few days, they all came to tell the fire. Zishen said, "I don't need to say anything, Zheng will be on fire again. Zheng people please use, Zi Chan can not. Zi Da Shu said: "Bao, to protect the people. If there is a fire, the country will die. Can save the death, son why love?" Zi Chan said: "the way of heaven is far away, the way of man is far away, not within reach, how can I know? How can the stove know the way of heaven? It is also a lot of words, not or believe?" The first time I saw it, I was not able to get it to work.

Zheng's not a disaster, Ri analyzed told Zi Chan: "There will be a great auspiciousness, the people vibrate, the country a few deaths. My body is obliterated, not good and also. The state relocated its can be? Zi Chan said: "Although it can, I'm not enough to set relocation." When the fire broke out, Riqi died before he was buried, and Zi Chan made thirty people carry the carriage to move his bier. When the fire broke out, Zi Chan resigned from the Duke of Jin and the Duke of Sun at the east gate. He asked Sikou to send out new guests and forbade the old ones not to come to the palace. Zi Kuan and Zi Shang made a tour of the palace to the main palace. Duke Sun Deng migrates the Great Tortoise. Have the priests bring the stone shrine to the temple of Zhou, and tell the late emperor about it. He makes the officials of the palace and the treasury watch over their affairs. Shang Chenggong warns the Palace of Justice and sends out the old Palace of Justice, placing them out of reach of the fire. The ministers of justice and the treasurer of the palace were sent out to the palace, where the fires could not reach them. The people underneath the city were all lined up to ascend to the city. Tomorrow, the wild Sikou each protects its levy. The people in the countryside helped Zhu Shi to go to the north of the country to avoid the fire in Xuanmei and Huilu, and prayed for the four name of the king. The book burned down the room, but they were not allowed to use it for their own purposes. After three days of weeping, the country did not have a market. He made the officials report to the lords. Song and Wei did the same. The first thing I want to do is to make sure that I have a good idea of what I'm doing and what I want to do.

In June, the archived records are through rice. The first is a new one, which is a new one, and the second is a new one, which is a new one. The first time I saw this, I was able to get into the house, and I was able to capture all the prisoners and return to them. The first thing you need to do is to get the money to pay for it. When he was paid by the Duke Zhuang, the Duke turned against Mrs. Zhu and gave up his daughter. In the fall, Duke Ping of Cao was buried. When he saw Zhou Yuanberu, he spoke with him, but did not say anything about learning. He returned to Min Zima. Min Zima said: "Zhou its chaos? The man must have more to say, and then its adults. Adults suffer from loss and confusion, and said: 'can not learn, no learning is not harmful.' If you don't learn without harming, then you can. So the lower Ling on the replacement, can not be chaotic? If you learn, colonize also, not learning will fall, the original its death?

In July, Zheng ZiYuan for the fire, big for the community to purify in the four directions, vibration remove the fire, ritual. The first is to gather the troops to gather the troops for the collection of the fire. The temple of Zi Da Shu is on the south side of the road, and his bedroom is on the north side of the road, and his court is small. Three days after the expiration date, so that in addition to the disciple Chen in the road south of the temple north, said: "ZiYuan over the female and order quickly remove, is destroyed in and countryside. ZiYuan dynasty, over and angry, in addition to the south destroyed. Zi Chan and Chong, so that the follower of the stop said: "Destroyed in the north.

The fire was also made, Zi Chan authorized troops to board the parapet. Zi Da Shu said: "Jin is not to be discussed? Zi Chuan said: "I heard, a small country forgets the code of danger, let alone a disaster? The country can not be small, preparedness is also." Both, Jin's border officials let Zheng said: "Zheng state disaster, Jin king, the doctor dare not rather live, divination go looking, do not love sacrifice jade. The disaster in Zheng is the worry of the widowed ruler. Now, the deacon's hand is in the middle of authorizing the soldiers to board the parapet, who will be guilty of this? The border people are afraid to not dare not tell. Zi Chan replied, "If my son says so, the disaster in my capital is also the worry of the ruler. I am afraid of the disaster that comes from heaven, but I am also afraid of the slanderous and evil thoughts, which will inspire the greedy people to recommend it as a disadvantageous place to the ruler. If you are lucky enough not to die, you can say so. Unfortunately, even if you are worried about the death of the king, there is no time. Zheng has other prospects, hope to go in Jin. I am not sure if I can do anything about it, but I am sure that I can do something about it.

Chu Zuo Yin Wang Zi Sheng said in Chu Zi said: "Xu in Zheng, the enemy also, and live in Chu land, in order to disrespect to Zheng. If Jin and Zheng are on good terms, and if Zheng invades Xu and Jin assists him, Chu will lose its land. Why don't you move Xu? Xu is not exclusive to Chu. Zheng had his own policy, and Xu said, "My old country is also a state of Chu. Xu said, "My old country is also my old country". Zheng said, "I am a captive of Chu". The state of Xu was in Chu, and it was a shelter outside the city of Fang. The land cannot be changed, the country cannot be small, Xu cannot be captured, and the enmity cannot be opened. The prince of Chu said. In the winter, Chu Zi asked Prince Sheng to move Xu to the analysis of the real white feather.

Translation

In the spring of the 18th year, on the 15th day of the 2nd month in the calendar of the Zhou dynasty, Mao De of the Zhou dynasty killed Mao Bo over and replaced him. Carambola said, "Mao De is bound to flee. This day happens to be the day when Kunwu is full of evil, which is due to arrogance. And what is Mao De waiting for if he does not flee when he has become successful by arrogance in the capital city of the Son of Heaven?"

In March, Duke Ping of Cao died.

In summer, in the fifth month, the Great Mars began to appear in the twilight. On the seventh day of the first month, the wind blew. Zixin said, "This is called the melting wind, the beginning of a fire; after seven days, I am afraid there will be a fire!" On the ninth day of the first month, the wind blew very hard. On the fourteenth day, the wind blew even more. Fires broke out in the states of Song, Wei, Chen, and Zheng. Zishen climbed up to the treasury of the Great Ting Clan and looked afar off, saying, "This is in the State of Song, the State of Wei, the State of Chen, and the State of Zheng." A few days later, all four states came to report fires. Beneficent Zao said, "If you do not take my advice, there will be more fires in the state of Zheng." The people of Zheng asked to take his advice, but Zi Zao disagreed. Zi Tai Shu said, "Treasures are used to protect the people. If there is a fire, the country will almost perish. What do you love it for when you can save it from extinction?" Zi Chan said, "The way of heaven is far away, and the way of mankind is close, and the two are not related. How can I know humanism from the Way of Heaven? Where does Zao know the Way of Heaven? This man speaks a lot, won't he occasionally get it right?" So he didn't give it. Then there was no more fire.

Before there was a fire in Zheng, Riqi told Zi Chan, "There is going to be a great change, and the people will be shaken, and the country will almost be destroyed. I will be dead by then, and I won't be able to make it. Is it possible to move the capital?" Zi Chan said, "Even if it is possible, I alone cannot decide to move the capital." By the time the fire broke out, Riqi was dead and unburied, and Zi Chan sent thirty men to carry away his coffin. After the fire, Zi Chan dismissed the dukes and dukesons of Jin at the east gate, and sent Sikou to send out the new arrivals, forbidding those who had come long ago to go out of the doors of the guesthouse. He sent Zi Kuan and Zi Shang to inspect many sacrificial offices so as to reach the Great Palace. Send Gongsun Deng to move away the great tortoise, and Zhu Shi to move away the stone box in the clan temple in which the lord of the gods was placed to the temple of Zhou, and report to the late ruler. He sent the Houseman and the Treasuryman to guard their respective areas of administration against fire. Send Shang Chenggong to order the Sigong to be on guard and move out the courtesans of the late ruler and place them where the fire cannot burn. Sima and Sikou lined up on the fire road and put out the fire everywhere. Those below the city lined up to ascend the city. On the next day, they sent out the wild soldiers to each of them to restrain the apprentices they had enlisted from scattering, and the people in the suburbs helped Zhu Shi to clear the ground to the north of the capital to build an altar and pray to the gods of water and fire, and then prayed in the four cities. They registered the burned houses, reduced their taxes and gave them building materials. Wailed for three days and stopped opening the market in the capital. Sent a pedestrian to report to the lords. Song and Wei did the same. The state of Chen did not put out the fire, and the state of Xu did not console the fire; thus the junzi knew that the states of Chen and Xu would be destroyed first.

In the sixth month, when the king of the Kingdom of Chengzhou was making a tour of the serfs' farms, the army of the State of Zhu-guo invaded the Kingdom of Chengzhou. The people of the first kingdom were about to close the gates of the city. But Yang Luo, a man of the state of Zhu, cut off the head of the man who closed the gates, and carried it in his hand, and so he entered into the state of Changzhou, and took all the people back captive. Then the first son said, "I have no place to go back to." He followed his wife and children to the state of Zhu-mo. And Duke Zhuang of Zhu-min returned the wife of the king of the Kingdom of Hebei, and kept his daughter.

In the fall, Duke Ping of Cao was buried. Those who went to the funeral met Yuan Bo Lu of the Zhou dynasty, talked to him, and found that he did not like to study. He went back and told Min Zima about the situation. Min Zima said, "I'm afraid something is going to happen* to the Zhou dynasty! There must have been a lot of such talk before it affected those in power. The great doctors, fearing that they would lose their official positions and not knowing what to do, added, 'You may not study; there is no harm in not studying.' Thinking that there is no harm in not studying and getting by with it, thus the lower part overrides the upper part and the upper part is neglected, can it not happen*? Learning, as planting, do not learn as grass like branches and leaves to fall, the original probably to perish!"

In the seventh month, because of the fire, Zi Chan of the state of Zheng built a large temple to the gods of the land, and sacrificed to the gods of the four directions to relieve the disaster and save the loss of the fire, which was in accordance with the rites. So the soldiers were selected to hold a grand parade, and the clearing of the site was about to take place. Tzu Tai Shu's temple was on the south side of the road, and his house was on the north side of the road, with a small temple garden. Three days beyond the deadline, he had the minions who cleared the site arranged to the north of the temple on the south side of the road, saying, "Zi Zan passes by you and gives orders to clear it quickly, so he will proceed to demolish it in the direction you are facing." When Zi Chan went to court and passed by and became angry, the removers went south to destroy the temple. When Zi Chan came to the crossroads, he told those who followed to stop them, saying, "Demolish the abode to the north, not the temple."

When the fire broke out, Zi Chan ascended the low wall of the city to issue weapons. Zi Tai Shu said, "I am afraid that Jin is coming to invade?" Zi Chan said, "I have heard that a small state is in danger when it forgets to defend itself, let alone when there is a fire. A country cannot be despised, just because it has defenses." Soon afterward, the border officials of Jin rebuked the state of Zheng, saying, "When there was a fire in the state of Zheng, the state ruler and the great ministers of Jin did not dare to live in peace; they divined and divined, traveled about, sacrificed to famous mountains and rivers, and did not dare to sacrifice jade and silk with love and care. The fire in the state of Zheng is the concern of the widowed ruler. Now the deacon ruthlessly issues weapons to mount the city wall, who will be taken to be punished? The men on the border are afraid and dare not fail to report it." Zi Chan replied, "The fire in my euphony, as you have said, is the concern of the sovereign. The government of Myeup was not going well, and the fire was sent down from heaven, and it was feared that evil men would take advantage of the opportunity to strike at Myeup in order to tempt the greedy, and again increase the disadvantages of Myeup, so as to aggravate the king's anxiety. Fortunately, it was not perished, and it can still be explained. If it is unfortunate and is destroyed, I am afraid that it will be too late for the king to worry about myup, even though he is worried about myup. If Zheng is attacked by another state, it can only hope and defect to Jin, which it already serves, so how can it dare to have second thoughts?"

Prince Sheng, the Zuo Yin of Chu, said to King Ping of Chu, "The state of Xu is an enemy to the state of Zheng, and living in the land of Chu, thereby being rude to the state of Zheng. Jin and Zheng are being friendly, and if Zheng attacks Xu and Jin helps them, Chu will lose its land. Why doesn't the king move Xu away? Xu is not exclusive to Chu, and Zheng is carrying out good government. Xu said, 'There is our original capital.' Zheng said, 'There is the city we gained by victory.' Ye land is in Chu, a barrier land outside Fangcheng Mountain not to be despised, a country not to be underestimated, Xu not to be captured, hatred not to be stirred up, the king might as well consider it!" The king of Chu was very happy. In winter, King Ping of Chu sent Prince Sheng to relocate Xu to the analyzed land, which was the original Baiyu.

Extended reading:

Historical status

The remarkable achievements of Zuo Zhuan, first of all, lies in the fact that it is China's first large-scale and detailed historiography of a great compilation, which occupies an irreplaceable important position in the development of ancient historiography. Spring and Autumn and Warring States period, the development of China's culture is still in the early stages, the evolution of historiography is also so. In terms of reliable literature, a small number of works that have come out before, whether it is part of the existing "Shangshu" or the historical books compiled by the vassal states (such as the "Spring and Autumn Annals" and the like), the contents of which are generally more fragmentary and simple, and the contents of which are often only an outline of some of the things. Zuo Zhuan, on the other hand, is a comprehensive and systematic record of the events of the Spring and Autumn period in the scale of nearly 200,000 words, which extensively involves the Zhou dynasty and more than ten vassal states such as Jin, Lu, Chu, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Song, Wu, Qin, Yue, Chen, etc., and often traces the historical facts of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Shang and Yin Dynasties, and even the pre-Hsia period. It adopts the way of chronicle, although the "Spring and Autumn Annals" as the outline, however, its record of the wide range of events, the specific content of the narrative, detailed support, is greatly beyond the "Spring and Autumn Annals". The emergence of "Zuo Zhuan", marking the compilation of China's ancient history into a new stage of development. Zuo Zhuan" for the future generations of the Spring and Autumn Period and before the stage of a large number of ideological history, economic history, social history, as well as other academic history of the important information, before or at the same time of any other history is difficult to reach and can not be compared. It is a reliable record of the events of an important historical stage from the eighth century B.C. to the fifth century B.C. It fills in the gaps and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the process of ancient Chinese civilization, which is invaluable to future generations.

As a historical work compiled more than 2,000 years ago, Zuo Zhuan is also notable for the positive guiding ideology and writing principles it embodies in its chronicle, thus creating a fine tradition of compilation of ancient historical books in China. First of all, Zuo Zhuan dares to write straightforwardly in the face of diverse historical facts, without false beauty or hidden evil, and the events and characters recorded have a high degree of historical authenticity. The whole book contains the specific description of the open and secret struggles between the king of Zhou and his vassals, between the vassals and within the vassals, and the true narration of the different performances of the lofty and lowly, the bright and the ugly of many characters in this period, all of which reflect the vision and boldness of a real historian. Ban Gu called Sima Qian "good historian", in fact, from the "Zuo Zhuan", it can be said that the spirit of "good history" has already begun. Secondly, "Zuo Zhuan" shows certain tendency on the basis of the real record, not only in the historical material or the narration of the event often shows the different attitudes of love and hate, and Zang Fu, moreover, often in the form of "the gentleman said" directly commenting on people and discussing the matter, or giving condemnation, or deplorable, or praising, etc. These comments are some of the author's comments, and some of them are the author's comments, and some of them are the author's comments. These comments, some of which are the author's "own words", and some of which may be the words "from the people of the time" and "recognized by Zuo", all of which show a clear evaluation of right and wrong, and demonstrate the historical knowledge and historical virtues of the author of Zuo Zhuan (Zuo Zhuan). All of them show a clear evaluation of right and wrong, demonstrating the historical knowledge and virtue of the author of Zuo Zhuan. Again, the praise and criticism of historical figures in Zuo Zhuan focuses on the affirmation of moral norms such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety and virtue. Since this kind of moral concepts belongs to the category of Confucianism, and after the two Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been set as the first one, this moral concepts have been gradually integrated into the orthodox thought, and become an important evaluation system of traditional culture, which determines that the historians of the later generations have always recognized and inherited the moral concepts of the Zuo Zhuan. In addition, although Zuo Zhuan does not completely deny the fate of heaven and ghosts and gods, it strongly emphasizes the role of human resources, attaches importance to the significant political role of the people's heart, and opposes the "Lord of the People's Predicament", all of which prominently embodies the idea of "putting the people first". Born in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States (or a little before) the people-oriented thinking, by the "Shangshu", "Zuozhuan", as well as "Guoyu", "Mengzi" and other canonical books of the emphasis, and continue to be inherited by later generations of historians, carry forward the formation of the spirit of ancient Chinese historiography throughout the tradition of a striking red line, the positive significance of which is no longer confined to this field of historiography.