General procedures of export trade

The general procedure of export trade, in real life, there are many people doing import and export trade, and the quality of products in international trade is actually very important, otherwise no one will buy it. This is the general procedure of export trade.

General process of export trade 1 When handling export trade, the basic process mainly includes the following points:

First, confirm the main transaction details.

The exporter communicated with the foreign importer in the early stage, reached the cooperation intention, and determined the main transaction details. For example: unit price, quantity, shipment date, quality requirements, payment method, etc.

Second, the two sides signed a trade contract.

Importers and exporters sign trade contracts according to the preliminary intentions reached before. The main contents of the contract include: basic information of importers and exporters, name of goods, unit price, quantity, quality requirements, port of shipment, port of destination, delivery date, payment method, etc. After the contract comes into effect, it will enter the next link.

Three. Production, storage and delivery according to the contract

The exporter shall organize raw materials, production and preparation of goods according to the contract. After the goods are ready, go through the export customs declaration formalities according to the mode of transportation agreed in the contract. In the meantime, quarantine is needed. After the export declaration is completed, the goods will be shipped.

Fourth, go through the remittance formalities.

After getting the bill of lading, the exporter will prepare to send a bill of lading for remittance according to the payment method agreed in the contract.

If the payment method is letter of credit or collection, the exporter shall deliver the invoice, box bill, bill of lading and other shipping documents to the bank where the account is opened, and the bank shall handle the remittance formalities. If the payment method is remittance, the exporter will send the remittance bill himself.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) receives foreign exchange and handles foreign exchange settlement.

After receiving the goods, foreign importers go to the local bank for payment procedures; After the exporter's bank receives the payment, it will notify the exporter to go through the formalities of foreign exchange collection.

The exporter can settle the payment directly, or keep it in the company's foreign currency account for future payment, or settle the payment when the exchange rate is suitable.

General procedures of export trade. Quotation, ordering, payment method, stocking, packaging, customs clearance, loading, transportation insurance, bill of lading and foreign exchange settlement.

I. Quotation

In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products are generally the beginning of trade. Among them, the quotation of export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, quantity of purchased products, delivery time requirements, product transportation mode, product material and so on.

Commonly used quotations are: FOB, CNF, CIF and other forms.

Second, the order (contract)

After the two parties to the transaction reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise formally places an order and negotiates with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After both parties agree, they need to sign a purchase contract. In the process of signing the purchase contract, we mainly discuss the commodity name, specification, quantity, price, packaging, place of origin, date of shipment, payment terms, settlement method, claim and arbitration, and write the agreement reached after negotiation into the purchase contract. This marks the official start of export business. Usually, the purchase contract is signed in duplicate, and it takes effect after both parties affix the official seal of our company, and each party holds one copy.

Three. terms of payment

There are three commonly used payment methods in the world, namely, letter of credit payment, TT payment and direct payment.

1. Payment by letter of credit

Letters of credit are divided into clean letters of credit and documentary letters of credit. Documentary letter of credit refers to a letter of credit with specified documents, and a letter of credit without any documents is called a clean letter of credit. Simply put, a letter of credit is a guarantee document to ensure that the exporter can recover the payment. Please note that the shipment period of export goods should be within the validity period of the letter of credit, and the period of presentation in the letter of credit must be later than the validity period of the letter of credit.

In international trade, the letter of credit is the mode of payment, and the opening date of the letter of credit should be clear, definite and complete. Several domestic state-owned commercial banks, such as Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Agricultural Bank and Industrial and Commercial Bank, can open letters of credit (the handling fee of these big banks is 65,438+0.5‰ of the amount issued).

2.TT payment method

TT payment is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customer will remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company, and you can ask for remittance within a certain period after the goods arrive.

3. Direct payment method

Refers to direct delivery payment between the buyer and the seller.

Fourth, stock up.

Stocking plays an important role in the whole trade process and must be carried out in accordance with the contract item by item. The main contents of inventory inspection are as follows:

1. The quality and specifications of the goods shall be verified according to the requirements of the contract.

2. Quantity of goods: guarantee to meet the requirements of the contract or letter of credit for quantity.

3. Preparation time: According to the provisions of the letter of credit, combined with the shipping date, it is convenient for the connection between the ship and the goods.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) packaging

You can choose the packing form (such as cartons, wooden cases, woven bags, etc.). ) according to the different commodities. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.

1. General standard for export packaging: packaging shall be carried out according to the general standard for trade export.

2. Special export packaging standards: export goods are packaged according to the special requirements of customers.

3. Packaging and marks (marks and numbers) of the goods: they should be carefully checked and verified to make them conform to the provisions of the letter of credit.

VI. Customs clearance procedures

Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If you can't clear the customs smoothly, you can't complete the transaction.

1. Export commodities subject to statutory inspection shall be subject to export commodity inspection certificate.

At present, China's import and export commodity inspection mainly has four links:

○ Acceptance of inspection: Inspection means that foreign trade applies to the commodity inspection authorities for inspection.

○ Sampling: After accepting the application for inspection, the commodity inspection authorities will promptly send personnel to the goods storage site for on-site inspection and appraisal.

○ Inspection: After accepting the inspection application, the commodity inspection authorities carefully study the declared inspection items and determine the inspection contents. And carefully review the terms of quality, specifications and packaging in the contract (letter of credit), find out the inspection basis and determine the inspection standards and methods. (Inspection methods include sampling inspection and instrument analysis inspection; Physical examination; Sensory test; Microbiological examination, etc. )

○ Issuance of certificates: In terms of export, all export commodities listed in the Category List shall be issued with a release form after passing the inspection by the commodity inspection authorities (or a release stamp shall be affixed to the Export Goods Declaration Form instead of the release form).

2. The professional holder of the customs declaration certificate shall go through the customs declaration formalities with the text of box list, invoice, declaration power of attorney, export settlement verification form, copy of export goods contract, export commodity inspection certificate, etc.

○ Packing list is the packing details of export products provided by exporters.

○ Invoice is the export product certificate provided by the exporter.

The power of attorney for customs declaration is a certificate that a unit or individual without customs declaration ability entrusts a customs declaration agent to declare.

○ The export verification form, which is applied by the exporting unit to the foreign exchange bureau, refers to a certificate that the unit with export ability obtains the export tax rebate.

○ The commodity inspection certificate is obtained after passing the inspection by the entry-exit inspection and quarantine department or its designated inspection agency, and it is the general name of inspection certificates, appraisal certificates and other certificates of various import and export commodities. It is an effective certificate with legal basis for all parties concerned in foreign trade to fulfill their contractual obligations, handle claims disputes, negotiate arbitration and provide evidence in litigation. It is also a necessary proof of customs clearance, tariff collection and tariff reduction and exemption.

General procedures for export trade 3 1. Inquire and reply

Time cost: 30%

Dealing with customers with the traditional flexibility of China. You push me, bargain, negotiate.

2. Deal and sign the contract

Time cost: negligible.

The coolest and most relaxing moment in the whole process.

collect?money?

Time cost: 5%

The customer sends a remittance advice, but the payment may be delayed. Do you want to deliver the goods or not?

Tips: Please be sure to listen to the old man saying "collect money first and then send it"!

Common payment methods:

Pre-T/T: Receiving money before delivery is the favorite payment method for foreign traders.

Post-T/T: generally used in combination with pre-T/T, there is no difference when used alone, and it should be used with caution for non-new customers.

Letter of credit: the handling fee is high and the process is troublesome. Suitable for orders with relatively large amount, and can be used in combination with previous telegraphic transfer. ..

D/P: D/P at sight is generally used for payment. It belongs to commercial credit, and the collection time is risky, so it needs to be used carefully.

D/A: D/A, the risk is greater than D/P, so it is not recommended.

4. Arrange production and track production progress.

Time cost: 30%

Cooperate with the factory (workshop) to arrange production by pushing.

Don't think that everything will be fine by giving them production. Finally, ask about the production progress every day and make an unscheduled surprise inspection, or you will be waiting to hear all kinds of excuses for not delivering on time!

After the transaction

Time cost: 35%

Non-core business advice is to find an agent and invest 35% of your time to develop a customer!

Step 5 clear customs

Time cost: 12%

It is suggested to find a reliable freight forwarding company to help with customs declaration to avoid the loss of goods and money caused by freight forwarding problems. In addition, prepare a series of customs declaration documents to make you "the top two"!

Some documents required for export customs clearance:

(1) invoice (2) packing list (3) product information, pictures, etc. (4) Contract (5) Shipping Certificate (6) Customs Clearance Form for outbound goods. (7) Special export invoices are required for product export inspection. (8) Some bulk exports or special circumstances require export VAT invoices.

6. book a boat and book a seat

Time cost: 10%

Large shipping companies are not only expensive, but also occasionally rummage.

Some documents to be provided when booking a ship:

(1) inquiry sheet, including information such as loading port/destination port/name/weight/container type/volume.

(2) A signed appointment power of attorney is an appointment.

(3) Bill of Lading information

(4) If necessary, issue a letter of guarantee.

(5) MSDS goods and non-dangerous goods letter of guarantee, sensitive goods

(6) The specific address and postal code shall be filled in when overseas inland transportation is involved.

7. Export tax rebate

Time cost: 8%

Many foreign trade enterprises rely on export tax rebates to maintain profits, but the long waiting time for tax rebates often doubles the financial pressure on SMEs.

Export tax rebate requires documents.

(1) customs declaration and tax refund form

(2) Export VAT invoice

8. Foreign exchange bank receipt

Time cost: 5%

Many foreign trade enterprises often need to spend at least one day to complete filing and declaration.

Bank foreign exchange collection steps

(1) Foreign trade enterprises need to have the right to operate import and export first.

(2) Go to the foreign exchange bureau for filing and declare each foreign exchange income at the enterprise end of the foreign exchange bureau.

(3) The bank collects foreign exchange according to the opening price of the day and transfers the money into the enterprise bank account.