Master's degree in landscape architecture

(Adopted at the 2nd 1 meeting of the State Council Academic Degrees Committee on1February 2, 2005)

1. In order to build a well-off society in an all-round way, accelerate the urbanization process, protect the ecological environment, improve the living environment, promote the harmonious development between man and nature, and better meet the needs of the development of landscape architecture in China, it is decided to set up a master's degree in landscape architecture.

Second, the English name of the Master of Landscape Architecture is Master of Landscape Architecture, referred to as MLA.

3. Master of Landscape Architecture is a professional degree related to the qualification of landscape architecture related industries. With a specific professional background, it is mainly used to cultivate applied and compound professionals in landscape architecture related industries.

Four, master's degree in landscape architecture, landscape architecture related fields should master solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge, with considerable humanistic quality, with the ability to independently undertake the design, construction, protection and management of landscape architecture.

Five, the master's degree in landscape architecture is generally a bachelor's degree, and has certain practical experience in landscape architecture related fields.

Six, master of landscape architecture professional degree courses in accordance with the relevant fields of landscape architecture and combined with the actual needs of employers. The curriculum system should be holistic, comprehensive, practical and forward-looking. The course content should reflect the organic combination of art and technology, carry forward the excellent Chinese culture and reflect the latest achievements and progress of landscape architecture at home and abroad.

Seven, landscape architecture master's degree thesis (design) topic should be an important issue in the development of landscape architecture, with a clear landscape architecture background and application value, should be advanced, arduous and necessary workload. Dissertation (design) must be completed independently by those who are studying for a master's degree in landscape architecture, which can reflect their ability to solve practical problems by comprehensively applying scientific theories and methods.

Eight, landscape architecture professional master students by the degree-granting units and the employing departments to cooperate in training, the implementation of the tutor responsibility system. The tutor is a senior professional and technical person in the related disciplines and landscape architecture department of the degree-granting unit.

Nine, landscape architecture master's degree thesis (design) reviewers and members of the defense committee, all need to have experts with senior professional and technical positions in the Department of Landscape Architecture.

Ten, the master's degree in landscape architecture is awarded by the graduate training unit approved by the state.

Eleven, the master's degree certificate of landscape architecture is uniformly printed by the the State Council Academic Degrees Committee Office and issued by the degree-granting unit.

Interpretation of "Master of Landscape Architecture Professional Degree Setting Scheme"

In order to build a well-off society in an all-round way, accelerate the urbanization process, protect the ecological environment, improve the living environment, promote the harmonious development between man and nature, carry forward the excellent Chinese traditional culture, better meet the needs of the development of landscape architecture in China, and improve the degree system with China characteristics, it is suggested to establish a master's degree in landscape architecture. 1. Urbanization and human settlements construction need landscape architects.

So far, there are 667 cities in China. With the rapid development of social economy in China, the urbanization process is also advancing rapidly. According to the national development plan of building a well-off society in an all-round way, it is estimated that the future urbanization level of China will increase by about 1 percentage point annually, and the urbanization level will reach 57% in 2020, with a total urban population of about 840 million.

Rapid urbanization is a great opportunity for social development in China, which presents people with rapidly emerging new urban areas and endless new construction projects, thus promoting people to pursue the best living environment quality (Table 1, Table 2).

(omitted)

With the rapid progress of urbanization, the contradiction among cities, population and ecological environment is becoming increasingly prominent, resulting in unprecedented ecological pressure. At the end of last century, the Beijing Charter of Beijing International Architects Congress pointed out that the urban construction and the construction of cities and urban agglomerations in the 20th century made the urban environment and inter-city environment worse, especially the natural and human resources of cities were destroyed, and it was clearly put forward that cities and buildings should be built in a green way in 2 1 century. The urbanization of China must conform to the trend of urban ecology and vigorously advocate urban ecological construction.

In order to promote the construction of urban ecological environment in China, the Ministry of Construction began to organize the establishment of national "garden cities" from 1992, and 56 cities have become national "garden cities (districts)" so far. In order to further promote the sustainable development of Chinese cities and improve the living environment, the Ministry of Construction put forward a higher goal of building a national "ecological garden city" this year. At the same time, urban greening and ecological zone construction in China have developed rapidly. The urban green area reaches188,000 hectares, and there are 177 national scenic spots, accounting for 1% of the national territory. There are 226 national nature reserves, and nature reserves at all levels account for more than 14% of the land area. There are also a lot of world cultures and

Urbanization and urban ecological development put forward more arduous tasks and higher requirements for China landscape architecture.

Landscape architecture culture is an important part of China culture. Landscape architecture culture and technology have a long history. In the development process of 2000, it not only made outstanding contributions to human society, but also put forward the concepts of "harmony between man and nature" and "harmony between man and nature", which are still respected and pursued by the world today. Moreover, China landscape architecture actively absorbs the outstanding achievements of human civilization and constantly improves and perfects itself. In the process of modernization, we should highlight the characteristics of China, forge ahead into the future, keep pace with the times, organically combine modern science and technology with excellent traditional culture, and make greater contributions to the harmonious development of man and nature and the construction of world science and culture.

2. The current scale and specifications of personnel training can not meet the needs of the development of landscape architecture in China.

The urbanization of China needs the joint efforts of architecture, urban planning and landscape architecture. Compared with the former two, landscape architecture is underdeveloped and fails to play its due role.

From the perspective of personnel training, at present, doctoral and master graduates in the field of landscape architecture in China are distributed in three disciplines:

(1) Engineering discipline-first-class discipline of architecture-urban planning and design (including landscape planning and design), with 8 doctoral programs and 26 master programs;

(2) Agronomy-forestry first-class discipline-landscape plants and ornamental horticulture, with 5 doctoral programs and 23 master programs;

(3) Literature-the first-class discipline of art-Design Art two disciplines, with 5 doctoral programs and 75 master programs.

Judging from the nature and training objectives of degree setting, the above-mentioned disciplines mainly train high-level talents engaged in teaching and scientific research, with knowledge structure biased towards scientific theory, incomplete knowledge field and relatively weak practical skills. The annual training capacity is 300-500 people. These doctors and masters mainly enrich the jobs in universities and scientific research institutions, and only a few people work in the front line of landscape architecture. The lack of high-level talents in the front line of landscape architecture practice makes it difficult to complete the arduous and arduous tasks in the rapidly expanding landscape architecture related fields, which is far from meeting the demand for applied, compound, professional and high-level talents in these fields.

According to incomplete statistics, at present, there are more than 5 million front-line practitioners in landscape architecture in China, of which about 3.5% have received higher education, and the proportion of professionals with master's degree or above is even lower, with a big gap. Setting up a master's degree in landscape architecture can cultivate and improve the existing landscape architecture practitioners with certain basic theories and rich practical experience, improve their knowledge and skills, meet the demand for talents for arduous tasks related to landscape architecture, and also help to improve China's lifelong education system and degree system. (Table 3)

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Note: 1. There are 680 municipal garden administrations, 20,000 garden planning design institutes and design companies1.20, 45,000 property management companies, 52,000 flower enterprises, 4,225 large and medium-sized flower enterprises, 2,397 flower markets and 2,000 state-owned nurseries and flower beds.

2. The statistics of "planning, construction and management of urban green space system" in the table do not include some employees involved in private planning, design and construction units and real estate development companies, most of whom have college education or above; The number of college students refers to the number of college graduates after the resumption of the college entrance examination system, excluding cross-industry college students.

At present, about 30,000 college students are studying landscape architecture, urban planning and design, gardening, etc. And the number is still increasing year by year.

Take Beijing as an example:

According to the Statistical Yearbook of Beijing Gardens and the statistics of the Capital Greening Committee, by the end of 2002, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Gardens had 2 1 188 employees, including 38 12 cadres, 35 senior professional titles, 785 intermediate professional titles and/kloc-0 junior professional titles. There are 248 1 person with college education or above. There are more than 40 landscape design companies and design institutes with about 1000 employees, 90% of whom are college and undergraduate graduates. In addition, there are many landscape architecture engineering companies and real estate development companies in Beijing with landscape architecture practitioners, including nearly 800 students with college education or above.

The target groups of master of landscape architecture and registered landscape architect are those who serve the cause of landscape architecture, including: landscape plant (flowers, garden trees) application personnel; Urban planners and designers; Landscape planning, design, construction and management personnel; Planning, protection, construction and management personnel of scenic resources; Planning, design and construction personnel of some ecological areas.

Promoting urbanization, protecting and building beautiful mountains and rivers, strengthening the construction and management of natural environment and artificial environment, improving the living environment, inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation, and promoting the harmonious development between man and nature are the goals and unshirkable historical responsibilities of China's landscape architecture industry, and it is urgent to train a large number of high-level professionals.

3. The establishment of a master's degree in landscape architecture is conducive to promoting the construction and implementation of the qualification system for landscape architecture industry and to docking with the corresponding degree system in developed countries.

In order to better meet the needs of economic construction and social development, standardize the employment system and standardize industry behavior, China is gradually implementing the national vocational qualification system in various industries. The Ministry of Construction and the Ministry of Personnel have started the construction of the professional qualification system of "registered landscape architect". The master's degree in landscape architecture is a degree system closely related to the professional qualification of landscape architecture and connected with the national professional qualification of "registered landscape architect". The timely establishment of master's degree in landscape architecture is conducive to the coordinated development of degree system, postgraduate education system and social economy, will directly promote and cooperate with the construction and improvement of professional qualification system in landscape architecture industry, and will also promote the development of landscape architecture, urbanization process and the improvement of people's living standards and quality in China.

According to the survey, Cornell University, University of Southern California, Washington State University, University of New Mexico and other 32 American universities and 5 Canadian universities all have similar vocational degrees. The United States clearly stipulates that researchers can only study for MA (Master of Literature), MS (Master of Science) and Ph.D., and can only join the American Society of Landscape Architecture (ASLA) after obtaining MLA. There are 46 States in the United States that implement the parallel registration of landscape architects and registered architects. (Table 4)

(omitted) 1, degree name

Master of landscape architecture, English can be translated into master of landscape architecture, referred to as MLA.

This name can be connected with the internationally accepted "landscape architecture" in concept and connotation.

2. Degree connotation

Landscape architecture is an art and science, which maintains and creates a harmonious relationship between people and their activities and the surrounding natural world. Its core is the trinity of society, ecology and art, and its main feature is that planning and design, biological ecology and humanistic society are equally important.

The task of the Master of Landscape Architecture is to cultivate professionals who can coordinate the construction and management of the natural and artificial living environment, improve the living environment and inherit and carry forward the excellent landscape architecture culture of the Chinese nation.

The professional degree of master of landscape architecture is characterized by taking natural materials as the main body, cultivating applied talents around the planning, design, construction and management of space environment, and taking "registered landscape architect" as the professional background.

The Master of Landscape Architecture is mainly devoted to the services in the fields of urbanization, human settlements, garden city, landscape planning, design, construction and management in China, including:

(1) Application of garden plants (ornamental trees, flowers, lawns);

(2) Planning, construction and management of urban green space system;

(3) Planning, protection, construction and management of scenic resources (cultural and natural heritage, scenic spots, forest parks, nature reserves, geological parks, water conservancy scenic spots, etc.). );

(4) urban landscape design;

(five) landscape planning, design, construction and management;

(6) Planning, design and construction of ecological zones (green corridors, shelterbelts, land greening, ecological demonstration zones, etc.). );

(7) Planning, design, construction, protection and management of classical gardens.

3. On the relationship between urban planning, architecture and landscape architecture;

Urban planning-comprehensive planning of urban construction and development. Urban planning is a comprehensive planning of urban construction and development, and it is the premise of building and landscape architecture construction.

Architecture-refers not only to the construction activities and the results of such activities-architecture, but also to the architecture of a certain period and style and the technology and art it embodies.

Landscape architecture-based on botany, agronomy, climatology, civil engineering and sociology, aesthetics, literature and art, involving ecology, environmental science, geography, hydrology, even aerial remote sensing, satellite positioning and other fields.

As a macro-strategy of social and economic development, urban planning will eventually be implemented in material construction, forming the material environment for people to live and work, that is, urban symbols such as buildings and landscape gardens. Architecture and landscape architecture are important parts of urban planning.

A beautiful and ecologically balanced human living environment needs the organic combination and collaborative creation of three disciplines.

From the perspective of professional degree, the professional degree of Master of Architecture is to cultivate applied talents with artificial materials as the main background, focusing on the planning, design, construction and management of space environment and "registered architects" as the professional background; The professional degree of master of landscape architecture takes "registered landscape architect" as the professional background, and different tasks are conducive to the coordinated development of the three aspects. 1. The master of landscape architecture is an applied and compound professional who trains master-level professionals in landscape architecture planning, design, protection, construction and management.

2, landscape architecture master's degree main courses include:

Landscape ecology, Chinese and foreign landscape history, design methodology, landscape planning and design, landscape plant configuration and landscaping, landscape plant ecology, landscape plant science and technology, landscape garden design, landscape engineering, planning principles of scenic spots, urban green space planning principles, landscape aesthetics, landscape art, topography, etc.

3. Master of Landscape Architecture, like other professional degrees, has the characteristics of application, comprehensiveness, technology and adaptability. Master students majoring in landscape architecture should have the following knowledge and skills:

(1) Understand the frontier and development trend of landscape architecture theory and practice at home and abroad; Master the basic theories of garden plant application, landscape planning and design, and ecological area planning and design;

(2) Master the basic knowledge and skills of garden plant application (cultivation, breeding, maintenance management and application), garden plant configuration and landscaping, various garden green space planning and design, garden architectural design, garden engineering design, urban green space system planning, scenic spot protection and planning, forest park protection and planning, and ecological region planning;

(3) Have the ability to comprehensively apply advanced cultural and artistic principles, design theories and plant materials at home and abroad for planning and design;

(4) Familiar with the relevant policies, laws and regulations on landscaping, scenic spots, forest parks, nature reserves, environmental protection, forest and land resources management in China;

(5) Master and apply the construction technology, construction management and construction supervision of landscape engineering.

To sum up, it is necessary and feasible to set up a master's degree in landscape architecture in China as soon as possible in order to meet the urgent demand of China's economic construction and rapid development of social civilization for a large number of applied, compound and high-level landscape architecture professionals, change the situation of single degree types related to landscape architecture, improve the degree system with China characteristics.