Who has the information of clay figurine Zhang? I'm dying of ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

Who has the information of clay figurine Zhang? I'm dying of ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Tianjin Clay Figurine Zhang was founded by Zhang Mingshan in Qing Dynasty. It creates its own style on the basis of inheriting the tradition, and its works are widely drawn and vividly portrayed. The combination of plastic and painting makes the works more vital. Its artistic status has been recognized internationally. After several generations' inheritance, clay figurine Zhang has become another peak of clay sculpture art in China.

brief introduction

Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Caisu is a folk art deeply loved by the people. It has been circulating for 180 years. Founded during the period and even recognized by the world. Very popular. The colored sculpture of "Clay Fighter Zhang" raised the traditional clay figurine to the level of circular sculpture art, and with colors and props, it formed a unique style. It is another peak of clay sculpture art in China after Liu Yuan in Yuan Dynasty. His works are exquisite in art and far-reaching in the world, occupying an important position in the history of China folk art!

Edit the source of this paragraph.

give rise to

Tianjin clay figurine Zhang

Zhang Mingshan (1826- 1906) has been engaged in clay sculpture making with his father since childhood, and has developed a unique skill. 18 years old, with the stage name of "Clay Fighter Zhang", runs a clay sculpture workshop in the form of a family and carves ancient Zhai. All he has to do is sit down and talk to people face to face, and fight with his hands, quietly and instantly. The face is not only vivid, but also lifelike.

win a prize

19 15, Zhang Mingshan's colored plastic work Weaver Girl won the first prize of Panama World Expo, and Zhang Yuting's work won the honorary prize of Panama World Expo. After four generations of inheritance, Zhang Yuting, Zhang Jingfu, Zhang Jingxi, Zhang Jingming and Zhang Ming became the representatives of clay sculpture art in northern China.

Hereafter inheritance

After 1949, the people's government adopted a policy of protection, support and development for clay figurine Zhang Caisu, and arranged for Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Jiaji to be passed down from generation to generation.

As an artist, Zhang Yuting, the second generation successor, was hired as the curator of Tianjin Literature and History Museum, and the folk color plastic arts entered the university hall. Zhang Jingzuo, a third-generation descendant, was employed to teach in the Central Academy of Fine Arts and the Central Academy of Arts and Crafts, and set up a clay figurine Zhang Caisu studio in Tianjin, which recruited five groups of students successively and trained a large number of professionals in color plastic arts for the country. Zhang Ming, the fourth generation descendant, has devoted himself to studio teaching skills and teaching for more than 20 years. Since then, the clay figurine Zhang Caisu's art has moved from family workshop to society. Guo Moruo once wrote an inscription, "Yesterday, I was only one person, but now I am full of peaches and plums." Tianjin clay figurine Zhang is a famous folk craft school in modern times. This artistic flower handed down from generation to generation, rooted in the traditional soil of ancient clay sculpture art, has become a wonderful flower in Jinmen art forest today after bold innovation.

Edit the artistic features of this passage.

Tianjin clay figurine Zhang

Clay figurine Zhang has a wide range of creative themes, reflecting folk customs, or based on folk stories and stage plays, or directly based on classical literary masterpieces such as Water Margin, A Dream of Red Mansions and Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Modeling works are not only similar in shape, but also similar in spirit, reaching a state of both form and spirit. "Clay figurine Zhang" painted sculpture is simple, elegant and bright, and the materials used are exquisite. The clay figurines made by it have a long history, are lifelike and enjoy a high reputation in the world. Clay figurine Zhang Caisu belongs to indoor exhibition sculpture, which is generally small in size and about 40 cm high. It can be placed on a desk or on a shelf, so it is also called shelf sculpture and color plastic arts. It is an art form widely used in various environmental decorations and plays an important role in serving the society and beautifying the environment.

Edit this paragraph so that

material

Clay figurines are made of pure clay with low sand content and no impurities. After weathering, beating, filtering, dehydration, and repeated softening with cotton wool, it becomes "cooked clay", which is characterized by strong adhesion. Auxiliary materials include wood, bamboo and rattan, lead wire, paper and silk flower. Molded works should avoid direct sunlight or be placed around fire, and the correct air drying method should be natural air drying.

Technology and characteristics

"Clay figurine" should be thoroughly dried, fired in a kiln at about 700℃ and polished before it can be colored. The color application of colored plastic sculptures has made great progress than in the past. The previous pigments were all water pink, which was poor in hiding, easy to burst, fall off and fade, and could not be preserved for a long time. With the development of science and technology, acrylic color is used now. Although it is more expensive, it has many advantages, such as strong hiding power, no bursting, no shedding, no fading, insoluble in water after drying and washable. A complete work usually takes about 30 days.

Editing the origin of this art

Founder Zhang Changlin (word Mingshan; 1826- 1906) is famous at home and abroad, and is an important figure in the history of China fine arts. He reproduces the customs of contemporary art with high thinking and keen insight. Zhang Mingshan was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His father Zhang Wanquan is an official's document; Then I went to Tianjin to make small stone animals and stationery for a living. Zhang Mingshan/Kloc-left private school at the age of 0/3 to create clay sculptures. At that time, Tianjin was already an important port city with developed commerce and trade. It is very popular to catch temple fairs, and there are often foreign operas, mostly performed by famous actors. Zhang Mingshan often observes people and costumes in it. When Yu Sansheng, a famous actor, performed in Tianjin, Zhang Mingshan made a suit similar to the Yellow Crane Tower for him, which was vivid and became famous in one fell swoop. He was 18 years old at that time. 1February 20th, 947 (36 years of the Republic of China), there was an article in Zhang Mingshan's memory in Tianjin People, Ta Kung Pao. "How does it work? But when watching a drama, I regard the characters on the stage as models, study the appearance, pick out the characteristics, and unconsciously copy the rope in my sleeve. A singer is like a success if he doesn't finish talking; If you go home and paint, you will feel uncomfortable. " China clay sculpture art was discovered in Hemudu cultural site in primitive society. A newly unearthed painted clay beast with a long history and complete shape was identified by experts as a precious cultural relic in the early Spring and Autumn Period. The development of sculpture art in China was about after 475 BC, and the sculptures in Qin and Han Dynasties showed rich, simple and fluent styles, such as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin Dynasty and the Tomb of Huo Qubing in Han Dynasty, which showed magnificent, simple and implicit artistic shapes. After the Han dynasty, due to the introduction of Buddhism, people built temples and grottoes because they wanted to go to the promised land, so there appeared Buddha cliffs such as Yungang in Datong, Longmen in Luoyang, Dunhuang and Maijishan. The Sui and Tang Dynasties, from the 7th century to the 9th century, were the heyday of the development of ancient Chinese sculpture art-the clay sculptures of Dunhuang and Maijishan, the stone sculptures of the 18th Mausoleum in the Tang Dynasty, and the Longmen Stone Buddha in Luoyang all embodied exquisite artistic modeling. From the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the late Qing Dynasty, with the development of urban industrial economy, sculpture as a plastic art gradually became secular. Sculptures and paintings in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were rare. Sculptures and paintings with the theme of "landscape change" are increasing day by day. Sculpture after the Song Dynasty fully embodies the real world-whether it is the stone carving in Dazu, Sichuan, the clay sculpture in Jinci and Shuanglin Temple in Shanxi, or the Song sculpture in Maijishan, it is full of human breath. Most drama novels in Ming and Qing dynasties describe secular human feelings. Sculpture in this period was not as prosperous as that in Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties. Clay sculptures, colored sculptures and small sculptures began to rise. They enter the world and family, so the whole beauty is very different. The deification of the world, the refinement of the upper position, and the noble style of elegance and luxury have become approachable and easy to understand. The representative sculpture of the north in the late Qing Dynasty is "Clay Fighter Zhang".

Edit the artistic features of this passage.

"Sculpture" and "Painting" —— The artistic features of clay figurine Zhang Caisu

Image representation character

The color plastic art of Clay Fighter Zhang is based on myth, drama, novel and real life. Through "shaping" and "painting", it not only vividly shows the characters, but also shows the flavor of modern life, which is not only close to daily feelings, but also integrates the lyric and line art of China literary tradition. "360 lines" depicts a realistic and ordinary life; Zhang Mingshan of the first generation, Zhang Yuting of the second generation and Zhang Yue of the fourth generation all created this theme successively. The fisherman's question and answer not only reminds us of Shao Yong's fisherman's question and answer and Kong's Peach Blossom Fan's fisherman's question and answer-the former uses fisherman's question and answer to clarify the truth of heaven and earth; The latter used the dialogue between Liu Jingting and Su Kunsheng to express the grief caused by the rise and fall of the country, thus revealing the illusion of life: where is the purpose and significance of life? So in the end, it comes down to the secluded fishing firewood-what is shown to us through plastic and painting is not the fishing firewood in ordinary life, but two "meeting Tianjin clay figurines Zhang and He Erxian"

A "retired" scholar in opposition.

Re-shape the role.

"Clay figurine Zhang" painted sculptures focus on shaping and portraying characters' personalities. A conversation between Rodin and gesell said, "I'll tell you an important secret. How do you think we got the impression of real life in front of this Venus statue? -learning from' shaping'. " This understanding is reflected in the works of "Clay Fighter Zhang", which is one of the reasons why "Clay Fighter Zhang" works have a strong sense of life. They capture the instantaneous dynamics of characters, and try to describe their inner personalities, and then add colors. The figures in Zhang Mingshan's Yan Zhen and Yan Renbo's sculptures are very precise. 1933, Xu Beihong commented on these two works in Continental Magazine: "The colors are elegant and simple, the proportion is accurate, the bones are positive, and the expression is subtle. What I can see in the north is only the images of Song Taizu and Taizong in the past dynasties. If it is in sculpture, although Yang Huizhi is not enough. " The colored sculpture of Clay Fighter Zhang pays attention to the description of street life, and makes people feel that the work is real and touching with simple colors. For example, Zhang Yuting's Blowing Sugar Man and Selling Sugar Man (characters in 360 lines) were all real life in the market at that time. In shaping, the author accurately describes the personality characteristics and instantaneous dynamics of the characters, shows the texture of the characters' clothes with rough lines, and then paints them with a faint turquoise, which makes us see the vitality of life from this work. For this kind of works, Xu Beihong once praised: "These two sellers of cakes and one buyer of sugar believe in the masterpieces of realism. His observation is accurate and his practice is sensitive enough to compete with the Russian Prince (1867- 1938), the largest sculptor in the world today. Prince tuttle wrote more about nobles and celebrities than people. If Yuan Lu (1838- 1902), a French19th century sculptor, has many manuscripts hidden in small palaces in Paris, he looks inferior to them all. If the author can expand its volume and cast it in copper, why not compete with Biguomeniere (1831-1905) for one day? "

The combination of plastic and painting

The work of "Clay Fighter Zhang" is a combination of modeling and painting. Shape first, then color. In the process of clay sculpture, sculpture is the key. First, the huge figure's body is dynamically sculpted, and then the clothing lines are portrayed to show the texture without hurting its bones. The meticulous calligraphy in China's paintings is often used in color paintings, adding light and color to his works. The ingenious combination of "shaping" and "painting" shows people a real and powerful life, making people see beauty in general and infinity in details and fragments.

China line

The artistic tradition of China Line has always been the main aesthetic factor of plastic arts in China. With the development of operas and novels, this kind of civic literature and art became a pure visual art after the middle of Ming Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chen Laolian's "Yuanyang Jia" and "The West Chamber of the Secretary" were the pinnacles of the Ming Dynasty. His dignified modeling and unpretentious line drawing art have far-reaching influence on later generations. In addition, Shangguan Zhou's "Painting Biography of Late Laughing Hall" is elegant and free and easy. "Clay figurine Zhang" color sculpture absorbed the traditional artistic lines of China.

Edit this paragraph.

Zhang Mingshan's Harmony with Two Immortals is based on the myths of Hanshan and Shide. The people take the meaning of harmony and harmony with the ancient teachings. The author does not focus on bright colors to achieve this effect, but focuses on shaping-in addition to depicting the smiling faces of the two immortals, the author pays more attention to the treatment of clothing lines, so that the clothing lines are laughing, the toad is laughing, the peony in his hand is laughing, and the elegant colors give people a cheerful and auspicious scene. The painting composition of Zhang Jing's "Xi Chun" is complete, and the graceful figure of the characters and the texture of the clothing lines are all shown in the modeling; Gorgeous and elegant colors and the emotional blending of the characters make people feel that it is a three-dimensional meticulous figure painting. Regarding modeling, he wrote in his painting "Clay Fighter Zhang": "The color modeling of clay sculpture is made of wet, soft and easy-to-knead clay, which is gradually shaped by attaching the overall modeling to the muscle movement of bones, the change of clothing patterns and facial expressions from the inside out. Through modeling, all observable colors, volumes, shapes and expressions are comprehensively reflected and become. It not only vividly shows the characters, but also depicts the elegant demeanor of the characters in the way of "color matching", making the silent statue become a vivid statue of "staring at the words". " "When painting colors, we must use painting skills to sketch, render and contrast to achieve the purpose of strength, beauty, elegance, quality and beauty; Express the effect of elegance but not vulgar, beauty but not flashy, flat but not old. " The work of' Clay Fighter Zhang' is based on plastic, while painting makes sculpture achieve the unity of body, light and color. People who are closer to reality adopt different creative methods for different themes-writer Xiao Changqing is elegant, and warrior Xiao is short and tiger-backed. Zhang Yue's "enjoying himself" is to show a refined and proud literati-paying attention to depicting facial expressions and hand movements. The clothes have simple lines and elegant colors, showing a superb and elegant, naive and indifferent literati style. The sculptor pinned his feelings on this work to express his feelings and show a detached, optimistic and enterprising outlook on life. In addition, there are also many beautiful images in the works of "Masons Zhang". Zhang Yuting's The Fisherman is very much like a lady's painting in plain or light colors. The whole shape is simple, the lines are smooth and bright, and the light color makes the statue look simple, simple and holy. At the same time, her gentle and demure posture makes people feel that she is a typical beauty in ancient China.

Edit this story and legend

[Clay Fighter Zhang] Story (People's Education Edition, the eighth grade of Chinese) On the road of craftsmanship, the "Clay Fighter Zhang" who pinched the clay figurine ranked first. Moreover, there is a first, no second, and the third is 108,000 miles. Clay figurine Zhang's name is. Xianfeng used to go to two places. One is the theater Grand View Building in the northeast corner of the city, and the other is the restaurant Tianqing Pavilion in Beiguan. Sitting there, you have to meet all kinds of people and pinch all kinds of people. Go to the Daguanlou stands to see all kinds of roles, and go to Tianqing Pavilion to see all kinds of roles in the world. The latter is more like. It was raining that day, and he sat alone in Tianqingge drinking, while paying attention to the appearance of diners around him. At this moment, three people came in from the outside. In the middle, a well-dressed, big-headed, medium-sized man, with a belly and a cow's posture, stormed in. Standing on the table facing the door, the crouching man glanced at it and quickly shouted, "Mr. Zhang in the photo is a rare guest and a distinguished guest." There are always three people here-please come in! " Hearing this publicity, diners stopped talking and even put down their chopsticks and looked at the famous Zhang. At present, Zhang Jinwen, who made a fortune by selling salt, is the most angry person inside and outside the city. In those days, he was adopted as an adopted son by General Hai Daren of Shengjing, ranking fifth. Therefore, it is also called "Zhang Haiwu". But people call him Zhang to his face and Zhang Wu behind his back. Tianjinwei is the boundary of business, and whoever has money wins three points. But except craftsmen, craftsmen eat by hand. Who else can you ask? Afraid of who? Therefore, clay figurine Zhang only cares about drinking and eating vegetables, looking around, completely ignoring Hai Zhangwu. But after a while, I heard Hai Zhangwu talking about him. A small voice said, "people are watching a play, and they have clay figurines in their sleeves." Take it out and have a look Just like on the stage. He pinched it. " Then there was Hai Zhangwu's loud voice saying, "Where can I pinch it?" Pinched in the sleeve? Pinch it in your crotch! "Then there was a burst of laughter, making fun of clay figurine zhang. Everyone in Tianqingge heard these words. People are waiting to see how Zhang, a clay figurine with superb skills and courage, "repays" Hai Zhangwu. A ball of mud passed through? I saw the clay figurine Zhang didn't listen to the game. He reached under the table with his left hand and tapped the sole to dig out a piece of mud. With a glass of wine in his right hand, his eyes only looked at the tables. The left hand fiddled with the mud, and several fingers pinched it quickly, which was more dexterous than Liu, a juggler. Hai Zhangwu is still having fun. Clay figurine Zhang must have taken all those words back to the mud in his hand. Then I stopped my hand, poked the mud ball on the table, got up and went to the counter to check out. Diners craned their necks to see that this clay figurine is really awesome! It's like cutting off Zhang Wu's head and putting it on the table. A gourd ladle-like head, bulging eyes and a proud face are more like Zhang Wu in the sea than Zhang Wu in the sea. Only the size of a walnut. Hai Zhangwu is over there. You can tell it's him two feet away. He shouted at the back of the clay figurine Zhang who was walking out the door: "This broken craft also needs to make money, and no one wants to sell it cheaply." Without looking back, the mud man opened his umbrella and left. However, Tianjinwei's business did not end like this-the next day, rows of clay sculptures of Zhang Wu in the sea were placed on several grocery stalls in the street outside the North Gate, and another body was added. They just sat there. And turn it over and buckle it, mass production, one or two hundred. There is also a white note on the stall, which reads in pen and ink: if you sell clothes at a low price, people coming and going in the street will be happy. Look for acquaintances after having fun, and have another fun. Three days later, Hai Zhangwu sent someone to buy all these clay figurines at a high price. It is said that they also bought clay molds. Clay figurines are gone, but the story of "selling Zhang Wu at a low price" has been circulating for more than 100 years until today.

Brief introduction of Tianjin clay figurine Zhang-clay figurine Zhang art museum

Clay figurine Zhang Art Museum is a private art museum built by the descendants of clay figurine Zhang. It has collected more than 300 sets of outstanding works of six generations of clay figurine Zhang, and nearly 100 pieces are currently on display. The first exhibition hall This exhibition hall mainly displays some works and historical materials of the first generation clay figurine Zhang. The first photo is that Chairman watched the clay figurine Zhang's works in Tianjin from 65438 to 0957, the second is the workshop site of the former residence in the northwest corner of the old city of Tianjin in the 1930s, the third is the portrait of Mr. Wang, followed by the photos of Mr. Wang's son, Mr. Zhang Jingfu's son and Mr. Zhang Ming's son. Finally, the working scene of the clay figurine Zhang Shi Jia's old workshop in 1930s. On the left is Zhang Yuting who is responsible for making large clay figurines, on the left is Zhang Jingfu who is responsible for repairing the details of clay figurines, and in front is Zhang Ming who is responsible for painting figures. Zhang Mingshan's father, Zhang Wanquan, is a master in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. He took office with the official in Shenxian County, Hebei Province, and resigned after his term of office expired. Zhang Wanquan, who lost his employer, moved to the northwest corner of the old city of Tianjin, settled down and taught in a private school. Many local neighbors are kiln workers, so Zhang Wanquan pinched some mud stationery and toys with them and sold them to subsidize the family. Living in such an environment, Zhang Mingshan has been in contact with and loved clay sculptures since childhood. The first exhibition was Zhang Mingshan's works when he was eleven or twelve years old. The size and unpainted features of the figures show the characteristics of folk clay sculptures at that time. Zhang Mingshan, on the other hand, integrated western artistic techniques into it, abandoned the traditional clay sculpture model of big head and small body, and portrayed the characters realistically according to the actual proportion. On this basis, I incorporated painting skills and developed my own sculpture style. The second showcase is the representative work of its style, portrait series. And became famous for it. After becoming famous, Zhang Mingshan lived in the palace for two years at the invitation of a prince. During this period, through communication with royal craftsmen, he added elements of court art to his own style. The third showcase is his works in his later years. During this period, his works were few and expensive, so most of them were customized for foreigners and filmed abroad. There are few finished products left, mostly unpainted semi-finished products. Among them, Mulan Joining the Army was a semi-finished product specially made by the Minister of the Interior for Cixi's seventieth birthday, but it was abandoned halfway because Zhang Mingshan was not satisfied with its composition. The second exhibition room, where Zhong Kui married his sister, is the representative work of clay figurine Zhang. Legend has it that Zhong Kui, a handsome scholar, strayed into the ghost hole on the way to catch the exam, was teased by the ghost, and his face became ugly, so he fell out of the list because of his ugly face, and Zhong Kui died. A fellow countryman friend defended him after taking the exam, and was finally posthumously awarded the Zhong Nanshan Jinshi. Zhong Kui's sister also married this friend. Zhong Kui married his sister, which shows that Zhong Kui married his sister in this story. However, according to the customs of Tianjin at that time, the author added a guard of honor that looked like a man and a ghost in front of the ghost image, and the prototype of these images was the real corrupt officials in the society at that time. The author expressed his dissatisfaction with the dark society at that time. As an early critical realism work, Russia, Zaire and other countries have published this set of works as their own stamps. The third exhibition hall This exhibition hall shows the works of clay figurine Zhang with various themes. The works are mainly mythical figures, such as Mazu, which is popular in Tianjin, and the images of Eight Immortals crossing the sea, Magu offering his birthday and Antarctic fairy Weng, which reflect good luck. In addition to historical figures, most of the works with traditional stories are literary figures in A Dream of Red Mansions. The most representative works are those that express the theme of real life, such as The Sugar Blower. Taking the people around him as the theme, the author recorded the living conditions of the lower class people in the city at that time in a realistic way. This is the first time in the history of Chinese sculpture to express realistic characters by realistic methods, which is divorced from practical functions and aims to express the author's feelings. Therefore, the clay figurine Zhang art has become a turning point in the history of local sculpture art in China.